Trade-offs between wood production and forest grouse habitats in two regions with distinctive landscapes

Background:Forest management affects the viability of forest grouse populations,causing alterations to habitat quality.At the regional level,common targets for wood harvesting and safeguarding of specific habitats are negotiated between various stakeholders.Analysing potential trade-offs between forest grouse habitats and wood production in the region could support resource-smart decision making.Methods:In this paper,we compiled trade-off curves represented as production possibility frontiers demonstrating the relationship between forest grouse habitat area and wood removal,using a Finnish forestry dynamics model and the Finnish Multi-Source National Forest Inventory.For the modelling of forest grouse habitats,a landscape-level occurrence model based on nationwide wildlife triangle census data was used.Five alternative forest scenarios in terms of wood removal were compiled for two study areas in Finland representing two different landscape structures.Results and conclusions:Results showed that impacts on forest grouse habitats were case-specific.In the southern study area,increasing the roundwood harvesting rate affected grouse habitats more strongly as forests were already fragmented for other land uses and became more spruce-dominated over time.If the maximum sustainable removal rate was implemented,predicted grouse habitat area was 55%less than in a no-removal scenario.In the eastern study area,a more heavily forested region,the decrease was far lower at 22%.Scenario results were also compared to levels of recorded(business as usual)wood removal and that envisaged by valid regional forestry programmes,and their sustainability in terms of grouse habitat area was discussed.The production possibility frontiers calculated in this study support the evaluation of the loss of suitable habitat caused by different wood harvesting rates,or vice versa,the economic cost of increasing habitat areas.

Estimation of the embodied carbon in China's wood products trade using input–output methodology

This study calculates the embodied carbon in imports,exports,net exports,and the processing trade of China's wood product sector between 2001 and 2016 using a non-competitive input-output(I-O)model.The results demonstrate that embodied carbon showed a decreasing trend between 2001 and 2016.Embodied carbon was lowest in wood furniture imports and highest in paper and paperboard imports.The embodied carbon in sawnwood and veneer sheet exports was the lowest and paper and paperboard exports was the highest.The embodied carbon in the processing trade of paper and paperboard was the highest.To reduce the embodied carbon in China's wood products,the government should promote technological transformation and upgrading and encourage the implementation of green technology innovation.

Republic of Congo’ Wood Products Exported to China: Insight of the Characteristics, Trends, and Perspectives for Sustainable Trade

Wood products trade sector remains crucial for many countries’ economies. This is also for the Republic of Congo (RC) where wood is the second most exported natural resource. In this study, we aimed to determine the predominant wood products exported from the RC to China from 2007 to 2019, analyze the trends related to this trade, compare the quantities of wood products exported to China and other destinations, and determine the perspectives for the sustainable trade. The descriptive study using graphs and tables, non-parametric technique Kruskal-Wallis, pairwise comparisons, and SWOT analysis made up the methodological basis for this study. IBM SPSS Statistics 26 software supported data processing. The results showed that logs were mainly exported to China, 92.585% of the three major wood products quantity (Logs, Wet sawnwood, and Dried sawnwood). Volume distributions between products categories differ significantly (Sig. = 0.000 < α = 0.05). Besides, a significant volume (69.32%) was exported to China compared to the other destinations, and volume distributions between different destinations differ significantly (Sig. = 0.000 < α = 0.05). The SWOT analysis describes weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, and potential threats related to RC’ wood products trade sector. The prospects for sustainable trade in wood products between the RC and China lie in establishing a good governance in the timber sector, supporting the emergence of domestic operators, and improving the business climate.

OPTIMIZATION OF WOOD PRODUCTS MANUFACTURE PROCESS BY PERT

In this paper we use the method of Program Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT)to analyze an actual example,Square stool manufacture line in Harbin Longjiang WoodProducts Factory,treated it by computer,and come to the conclusion as follows:1.PERT can helpus to see the full activity in all process clearly which is not easy to see clearly at the noisy and com-plex manufacture line.2.It shows the critical production efficiently.3.It can help us tochoose the best one from many wood product models.PERT would be helping us to establish a ra-tional and complete wood products manufacture managementsystem.

Romanian legal management rules limit wood production in Norway spruce and beech forests

Background： The quantitative impact of forest management on forests＇ wood resource was evaluated for Picea and Fagus mixed forests. The effects on the productivity of tendering operations, thinnings and rotation length have seldom been directly quantified on landscape scale. Methods： Two sites of similar fertility but subject to contrasted forest management were studied with detailed inventories： one in Germany, the other in Romania, and compared with the respective national forest inventories. In Romania, regulations impose very long rotations, low thinnings and a period of no-cut before harvest. In contrast, tending and thinnings are frequent and intense in Germany. Harvests start much earlier and must avoid clear cutting but maintain a permanent forest cover with natural regeneration. While Germany has an average annual wood increment representative for Central Europe, Romania represents the average for Eastern Europe. Results： The lack of tending and thinning in the Romanian site resulted in twice as many trees per hectare as in the German site for the same age. The productivity in Romanian production forests was 20 % lower than in Germany despite a similar fertility. The results were supported by the data from the national forest inventory of each country, which confirmed that the same differential exists at country scale. Furthermore, provided the difference in rotation length, two crops are harvested in Germany when only one is harvested in Romania. The losses of production due to a lower level of management in Romania where estimated to reach 12.8 million m3.y-1 in regular mountain production forests, and to 15 million m3.y-1 if managed protection forest is included. Conclusions： The productivity of Picea and Fagus mountain forests in Romania is severely depressed by the lack of tending and thinning, by overly long rotations and the existence of a 25-years no-cut period prior to harvest. The average standing volume in Germany was 50 % lower than in Romania, but the higher harvesting rate resulted in more than doubling wood production. Considering the mitigation effects of climate change by forests, it emerges that the increase in standing volume of forests in Romania is smaller than the additional harvest in Germany which serves fossil fuel substitution.

Incorporating carbon sink of harvested wood products into ecological footprint accounting:model and case study

Ecological footprint(EF)accounting system is widely used in assessing environmental sustainability at various spatial scales.To improve the EF performance,a new EF calculation framework was established in this study,in which HWP is considered as carbon sinks and the model was then applied to the Yangtze River basin of China.Results showed that(1)carbon sink in the basin is about 2.99 Tg per year and it varies substantially across subbasins,which has a nonlinear relationship with net primary productivity;(2)available biocapacity calculated in the whole basin increases from 0.5068 to 0.5759 national ha(nha)per capita when incorporating the carbon sinks.In a few subbasins,the added biocapacity is even larger than the biocapacity estimated from the conventional approach;(3)the EF of the basin is 5.598 nha per capita and it is much larger than its biological carrying capacity(BC),indicating that ecological deficit is ubiquitous across the basin.If carbon sinks are considered,the ecological deficit would decrease by 3.2–14.3%for different regions in the basin.It is necessary to incorporate HWP and other potential terrestrial carbon sinks in the EF accounting,and more efforts are needed in improving carbon sink accuracy.

Solid Wood Products from Eucalypts Plantations

To improve and diversify the use of tropical plantation timbers in Southern China, with support from International Tropical Timber Organizations (ITTO), a research project was started in 2002 focusing on development of processing and manufacturing technologies to promote production of value-added wood products from eucalypts plantations. This project will also facilitate the formulation of forest management strategy in China to supplement the diminishing supply of timber from the natural forests. The sp...

木塑复合材料在家具中的应用

木塑材料作为一种复合型材质具有较强的可塑性、较小的污染性,相较于塑料及实木材质优势明显,在家具制造领域的实用性逐渐增强。本文主要分析了木塑复合材料在家具中应用的原则与优势、设计方法以及应用实例,为木塑材料家具产品开发提供更多的思路与建议。

木竹产品碳足迹评价研究进展

气候变化是全球治理的一个重要方面,评估人类活动引起的温室气体排放量是应对气候变化的基础性工作,受到世界各国政府、科研机构和企业广泛关注。随着我国“碳达峰”“碳中和”(简称“双碳”)目标的提出以及相关政策的落地实施,碳足迹作为温室气体排放测度指标,其重要性日益凸显。开展木竹产品碳足迹评价是我国木竹加工企业落实国家“双碳”目标的核心工作,对木竹产业低碳高质量发展亦具有重要意义。本文全面分析锯材、改性材、人造板及其制品、结构用集成材和胶合木等主要木竹产品碳足迹评价的研究现状,以及碳足迹评价方法的研究进展。目前,生命周期评价法是国际主流的碳足迹评价方法,依据的标准主要为ISO/TS 14067、GHG Protocol和PAS 2050;在木竹产品中储存的生物碳及其延迟碳排放效应的评估方法,以及计入产品碳足迹评价结果的形式等方面尚未形成国际共识;因不同国家木竹加工技术水平和能源结构有所不同,同一类别产品碳足迹差异显著。此外,不同科研人员采用的评价标准和研究假设等各异,导致同一产品碳足迹评价结果可比性不强。未来应:1)研制木竹产品延迟碳排放效应的评估方法,科学量化木竹产品对应对气候变化的积极贡献;2)制定适于木竹产品碳足迹评价国际统一的产品种类规则,进一步增强碳足迹核算结果的可比性,推动木竹产品碳足迹评价结果国际互认;3)建立木竹产品全生命周期回溯跟踪体系,助力木竹产品全生命周期碳足迹评价工作的顺利开展;4)构建契合我国木竹产业特点全国统一的碳排放因子数据库,为准确计量木竹产品碳足迹提供数据支撑。

全球木质林产品贸易竞争与互补网络结构分析

运用社会网络分析方法,构建2009—2019年74个木质林产品贸易经济体之间的竞争性网络与互补性网络,从网络密度、节点中心性以及贸易板块的角度,研究各经济体之间的竞争性与互补性。结果表明:①2009—2019年竞争性网络和互补性网络联系的密切程度下降,但互补性网络密切程度大于竞争性网络,主要经济体之间仍存在较大合作空间。②中国在贸易网络中连通性增强。竞争性网络中,中国节点度排名提升速度较快,与其他经济体竞争激烈;互补性网络中,中国节点入度增加较快,贸易潜力较大。③木质林产品贸易已形成三大竞争群体,其中,中国与其他经济体之间的竞争关系不断加剧,中国所在板块2009—2019年内部互补关系逐渐减弱,白俄罗斯、丹麦等经济体组成的板块是中国重要的潜在贸易伙伴。

空心刨花板填充免漆木质复合门门扇生产工艺浅析

介绍免漆木质复合门门扇的生产工艺流程,阐述其生产所用材料的部分尺寸、性能参数,分析空心刨花板铺装方式对门扇变形的影响,以期为免漆木质复合门门扇的生产提供参考。

木雕工艺品设计产品化教学模式研究

本文针对木雕工艺品设计产品化教学模式进行深入研究,旨在探讨如何将传统木雕技艺与现代产品设计相结合,实现木雕工艺品的创新与发展。本文探讨木雕工艺品设计产品化教学模式,包括课程设置、实践教学、校企合作、评价体系、知识产权的保护5个方面,提出一系列具有针对性的教学策略。本文的研究成果对推动木雕工艺品设计的创新发展、提高木雕技艺的传承与保护水平具有重要意义。同时,对其他传统手工艺品的产品化教学模式研究也具有一定的借鉴意义。

家居木制品数字化制造过程数据采集技术应用案例研究

在“中国智能制造2025”背景下,家居木制品行业生产模式正逐步向智能化、数字化方向迈进。数据作为数字化制造的基础和前提,如何进行高效、准确地采集是首先要解决的问题。本文在论述数据驱动内涵、数据的类型和数据采集的手段等相关理论的基础上,以S家具木制品公司数字化生产车间为研究对象,对其数字化制造过程数据采集技术应用进行深入研究,以期为数据采集技术在家居木制品行业中向着新一代制造的智能化、信息化、网络化和数字化的深度融合的应用推广探路,也为家居木制品制造企业数字化制造与管理的发展提供参考。

面向智能制造的实木家具产品数字化设计技术

在智能制造技术的推动下,传统家具制造业迈上了数字化转型的道路。相较于已发展完善工业4.0设计生产一体化的板式家具,实木家具因其缺乏标准化、信息化程度低等因素,数字化转型亟待寻求发展路径。设计是设计生产一体化定制流程的第一环节,是流程的数据源头,因而设计阶段的技术突破是传统实木家具企业实现数字化转型的首要步骤,数字化设计技术是实木家具企业数字化转型的关键技术。在总结我国实木家具设计生产一体化现状的基础上,分析实木家具发展数字化转型亟待解决的难点问题,即改善实木家具设计模式、规范产品体系、提高零部件标准化、建立完善产品数据库和生产工艺数据库。以实木家具产品设计为切入点,分析数字化软件在一体化发展中的应用,基于传统家具企业数字化转型升级路径,构建了实木家具数字化设计实施技术路径,具体包括:数字化模型构建(产品成组和零部件标准化、信息数据模型构建)、产品数据库构建、系统数据对接、基于数字化设计平台的大规模定制等,旨在为我国实木家具的数字化转型升级提供一定的参考。

全球木质林产品贸易网络的韧性研究

以资源型和深加工型两类木质林产品的贸易网络为研究对象,从静态和动态两方面测度和比较网络韧性,并模拟随机攻击和刻意攻击对木质林产品贸易网络的影响。研究表明:木质林产品贸易网络韧性较为脆弱。与资源型木质林产品相比,深加工型木质林产品贸易网络不仅在连接性、传输性以及聚合性等方面呈现出更佳的性能,且在受到冲击后表现出更高的恢复效能和维持网络运作的能力。在所有的负面冲击中,贸易纷争和政治冲突等刻意攻击对木质林产品贸易的影响超过了自然灾害等随机因素。优化木质林产品贸易网络结构,推动木质林产品贸易网络韧性建设,保障网络安全高效运转才能保障全球木质林产品供需安全。

整木生产进度跟踪二维码扫描系统的设计与应用

生产进度跟踪是整木定制家具企业生产管理的重要内容。实现对生产环节各个节点进度的精确把控,通过对M家具公司的生产车间流程的调查研究,总结出整木生产进度管理具有信息化程度低、同项目齐套管理难度大、采购进度难跟踪的难点。以M家具公司作为案例进行研究,以二维码扫描技术为基础,按照“批次-订单-部件”的结构,制定了整木生产进度跟踪二维码扫描系统的技术方案,并以此为基础,设计出管理系统的功能框架。将二维码扫描系统投入使用后,通过经验总结的方法,制定各个生产环节的标准操作流程。新系统的使用,降低车间工作的透明度,能够获得生产信息的及时反馈,大大降低了生产进度管理的难度,是企业在信息化道路上迈出的重要一步。

基于QFD/TRIZ/VE的竹木产品成本控制创新设计研究

【目的】该文撰写的主要目的是解决竹木产品质量不达标、种类同质化、价格不合理等问题,在设计阶段实现竹木产品创新设计以及成本的事前控制。【方法】创新集成质量功能配置理论(QFD)、发明问题解决理论(TRIZ)以及价值工程理论(VE)的面向成本控制的竹木产品设计流程。【结果】构建QFD产品质量屋,将用户需求和影响成本因素转化为产品技术特性;运用TRIZ理论将负相关问题转化为标准问题并解决;结合VE理论,完成方案优化及成本评价,输出儿童竹木玩具设计方案。【结论】通过QFD、TRIZ、VE的集成应用具有一定的可行性和有效性,能够有效提高设计效率,完成竹木产品的创新设计并实现竹木产品成本的事前控制。

家居木制品数字化车间关键技术分析与应用

在“中国智能制造2025”背景下,制造行业生产模式正逐步向智能化、数字化方向迈进。家具零部件生产是典型的多品种、小批量离散型制造,在制造过程中数字化水平不高导致存在诸多难点,主要体现在“信息孤岛”和“信息断层”两方面,目前家具木制品制造企业不能满足多品种、小批量特点的制造要求,具有数字化转型升级、提质增效的强烈需求。在论述数字化车间内涵、体系架构的基础上,对其数据采集、数据传输以及数据管控的目前主流技术应用进行深入研究。希望能对家居木制品制造企业规划和建设数字化车间提供可参考的方向和依据,为我国家居木制品制造企业向智能制造方向的发展提供借鉴。

江苏省荷斯坦牛日产奶量Wood模型DHI分析

利用Wood泌乳曲线模型对江苏省12个奶牛场2017~2019年荷斯坦牛398449条DHI日产奶量记录数据作曲线拟合,分析牧场规模、胎次、产犊季节、产犊间隔和305 d产奶量等因素对泌乳曲线相关参数影响。测定日产奶量泌乳曲线为标准泌乳曲线,高峰产奶量为39.08 kg,高峰产奶日为88.20 d,泌乳持久力为2.85,平均拟合度为0.9920;规模在1000头以下牧场荷斯坦牛泌乳曲线拟合度最大(0.9939),规模为1000~2000头牧场拟合度最小(0.9916);1~5胎奶牛泌乳曲线拟合度随胎次增加逐渐降低;冬季产犊拟合度最高(0.9923),夏秋两季产犊拟合度最低(0.9919);产犊间隔为366~400 d时拟合度最大(0.9923),300~365 d时拟合度最小(0.9920);305 d产奶量在11001~13000 kg拟合度最高(0.9955),305 d产奶量在3000~5000 kg拟合度最低(0.9864)。Wood模型适合江苏省荷斯坦牛日产奶量变化曲线拟合分析,牧场规模、胎次、产犊季节、产犊间隔、305 d产奶量等因素对Wood泌乳曲线模型参数均有影响。