Derivation of Plastic Work Rate Done per Unit Volume for Mean Yield Criterion and Its Application

In Haigh Westergaard stress space linear combination of twin shear stress and Tresca yield functions is called the mean yield （MY） criterion. The mathematical relationship of the criterion and its plastic work rate done per unit volume were derived. A generalized worked example of slab forging was analyzed by the criterion and its corresponding plastic work rate done per unit volume. Then, the precision of the solution was compared with those by Mises and Twin shear stress yield criterions, respectively. It turned out that the calculated results by MY criterion were in good agreement with those by Mises criterion.

On a cardiac work rate based on ventricular pressure measurement

We presented a cardiac work rate for one cycle cardiac based on the area of a Pressure Phase Plane, the velocity of activation and relaxation of the pressure curve, the interval of time and the variation of the pressure measurement on that cycle. We established an algebraic model to the Pressure Phase Plane area with a complete correlation of that model and the laboratory data for normal hypertensive and hypertrophied rat hearts (r = 0.99). We have obtained disjoint intervals for the cardiac work rate of the control group and the hypertrophied rat hearts as a consequence of the application of our algebraic model in those data acquisition.

Deduction of plastic work rate per unit volume for unified yield criterion and its application

A unified linear expression of plastic work rate per unit volume is deduced from the unified linear yield criterion and the associated flow rule. The expression is suitable for various linear yield loci in the error triangle between Tresca’s and twin shear stress yield loci on the π-plane. It exhibits generalization in which the different value of criterion parameter b corresponds to a specific linear formula of plastic work rate per unit volume. Finally, with the unified linear expression of plastic work rate and upper-bound parallel velocity field the strip forging without bulge is successfully analyzed and an analytical result is also obtained. The comparison with traditional solutions shows that when b=1/(1+ 3 ) the result is the same as the upper bound result by Mises’ yield criterion, and it also is identical to that by slab method with m=1, σ0=0.

Equal perimeter yield criterion and its specific plastic work rate: Development, validation and application

In order to overcome the nonlinearity of Mises criterion, a new linear yield criterion with a dodecagon shape of the same perimeter as Mises criterion was derived by means of geometrical analysis. Its specific plastic work rate expressed as a linear function of the yield stress, the maximum and minimum strains was also deduced and compared with that of Mises criterion. The physical meaning of the proposed yield criterion is that yielding of materials begins when the shear yield stress τs reaches the magnitude of 0.594σs. By introducing the Lode parameter, validation of evolution expressions of the proposed yield criterion with those based on Tresca, Mises and TSS criteria as well as available classical yield experimental results of various metals shows that the present results intersect with Mises results and coincide well with experimental data. Moreover, further application to the limit analysis of circle plate as an example is performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed yield criterion, and the subsequent comparison of limit loads with the Tresca analytical solutions and Mises numerical results shows that the present results are higher than the Tresca analytical results, and are in good agreement with the Mises numerical results.

Flow characteristics and hot workability of a typical low-alloy high-strength steel during multi-pass deformation

Heavy components of low-alloy high-strength(LAHS) steels are generally formed by multi-pass forging. It is necessary to explore the flow characteristics and hot workability of LAHS steels during the multi-pass forging process, which is beneficial to the formulation of actual processing parameters. In the study, the multi-pass hot compression experiments of a typical LAHS steel are carried out at a wide range of deformation temperatures and strain rates. It is found that the work hardening rate of the experimental material depends on deformation parameters and deformation passes, which is ascribed to the impacts of static and dynamic softening behaviors. A new model is established to describe the flow characteristics at various deformation passes. Compared to the classical Arrhenius model and modified Zerilli and Armstrong model, the newly proposed model shows higher prediction accuracy with a confidence level of 0.98565. Furthermore, the connection between power dissipation efficiency(PDE) and deformation parameters is revealed by analyzing the microstructures. The PDE cannot be utilized to reflect the efficiency of energy dissipation for microstructure evolution during the entire deformation process, but only to assess the efficiency of energy dissipation for microstructure evolution in a specific deformation parameter state.As a result, an integrated processing map is proposed to better study the hot workability of the LAHS steel, which considers the effects of instability factor(IF), PDE, and distribution and size of grains. The optimized processing parameters for the multi-pass deformation process are the deformation parameters of 1223–1318 K and 0.01–0.08 s^(-1). Complete dynamic recrystallization occurs within the optimized processing parameters with an average grain size of 18.36–42.3 μm. This study will guide the optimization of the forging process of heavy components.

Derivation of Plastic Specific Work Rate for Equal Area Yield Criterion and Its Application to Rolling

On the basis of the analysis of the hexagons inscribed and circumscribed of the Mises yield circle on the π- plane in Haigh Westergaard stress space, a new equation called equal area linear yield criterion or EA criterion was proposed, and its plastic specific work rate was derived. Then, a generalized worked example of plate rolling was analyzed by the criterion and its corresponding plastic specific work rate. Finally, the precision of the solution was compared with measured roll separation force in plate finish rolling process. It indicates that the calculated results by EA criterion are slightly higher than the measured ones.

Study on Large Power Tractor Driver's Heart Rate and Fatigue in Sowing Work

In order to reduce the driving fatigue in sowing work, this paper based on heart rate （HR） as the main indicator to survey, tested and analyzed the fatigue condition of the drivers of three imported tractors and one domestic tractor in sowing work. The results showed that when driving the imported tractors in sowing work, the HR increasing rate was 10.4%-14.3%, labor intensity belonged to the light level; when driving domestic tractor in sowing work, the HR increasing rate was 23.4%-33.0%, it was remarkably bigger than that of driving imported tractors （P〈0.05）, labor intensity belonged to the middle level. The main effects on driving fatigue included the control methods, tractors＇ cab environment, processing time, operating content, and so on. Finally, we proposed the concrete measures and suggestions to reduce driving fatigue and improve drivers＇ work condition.

NEW PRINCIPLES OF WORK AND ENERGY AS WELLAS POWER AND ENERGY RATE FORCONTINUUM FIELD THEORIES

New principles of work and energy as well as power and energy rate with cross terms for polar and nonlocal polar continuum field theories were presented and from them all corresponding equations of motion and boundary conditions as well as complete equations of energy and energy rate with the help of generalized Piola's theorems were naturally derived in all and without any additional requirement. Finally, some new balance laws of energy and energy rate for generalized continuum mechanics were established. The new principles of work and energy as well as power and energy rate with cross terms presented in this paper are believed to be new and they have corrected the incompleteness of all existing corresponding principles and laws without cross terms in literatures of generalized continuum field theories.

便携式锂钾分析仪现场测定热泉水中的锂

锂是绿色能源和轻质合金的理想原料,作为一种重要的战略性资源而备受各国重视。热泉水中富含锂,储量可观,然而热泉水主要分布在西藏、云南等偏远地区,样品运输与实验室测试成本高、效率低,锂资源勘查急需现场分析技术的支持。热泉水一般含有较高浓度的钠、钾等元素,基体效应显著。本文利用自主研发的便携式锂钾分析仪,搭配负性滤光片,选择锂的分析谱线波长670.78nm,通过优化测量条件,建立了标准曲线法与标准加入法现场测定热泉水中锂元素的分析方法。实验结果表明,当电解质是体积分数为1.5%的盐酸,工作电流为70mA,进样流速为3.0mL/min时,锂检出限为4.07μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.03%。对热泉水样品进行加标测试,加标回收率为81.6%~115.9%。当热泉水样品基体组成较简单时,直接采用标准曲线法即可获得较准确的分析结果;当样品基体组成较复杂或者基体浓度高时,采用标准加入法可有效地减小基体效应,获得的分析结果相对更准确。本方法适用于不同类型基体的热泉水中锂含量的分析测试。

低渗致密气藏防水锁剂配方性能评价

基于吐哈油田低渗致密气藏,研发一种新型气藏防水锁剂GY-HE85,对其界面张力、表面张力和润湿性等基本性能进行研究,并分析了岩心渗透率恢复效果。实验结果表明,氟碳表面活性剂与碳氢表面活性剂复配后,碳氢表面活性剂除降低界面张力的作用之外,由于异电性亲水基之间强烈的静电吸引作用,表面活性剂分子在更低含量即可达到饱和吸附,还可降低表面活性剂的使用量。防水锁剂GY-HE85含量为0.1%~0.5%(w)的溶液时,表面张力为20.23~47.52 mN/m,随着溶液含量减小,拟黏附功逐渐降低,降幅呈“先快后慢”趋势,防水锁剂GY-HE85溶液优选含量为0.3%(w)。防水锁剂GY-HE85溶液具有较好的抗吸附性能,岩心渗透率恢复率在86.44%~91.20%,较好地预防了致密气藏储层“水锁”现象的发生。

中间退火对冷轧5056铝合金薄板组织和性能的影响

针对5056铝合金开展冷轧中间退火工艺优化研究,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪、硬度计等检测设备和拉伸、压缩等试验方法,分析了退火温度对冷轧5056铝合金薄板组织和性能的影响。结果表明:采用60%~80%变形量冷轧的5056铝合金薄板,因形变强化而塑性较低,分别在250℃、350℃、400℃、450℃和500℃进行中间退火处理,延伸率随退火温度逐渐升高,而强度和硬度呈下降趋势。当退火温度高于350℃时,5056铝合金板的强度和延伸率随退火温度升高而产生的变化不显著,但加工硬化率存在显著差异,其中450℃退火温度下5056铝合金板的加工硬化率减小了65%。

变形量对冷拉拔低碳镀锌钢丝力学性能的影响

冷拉拔低碳镀锌钢丝以良好的耐蚀性能、焊接性能、与力学性能协同匹配的良好综合性能和低廉的价格广泛应用于轻工业及建筑行业,其中变形量是影响其力学性能、生产成本及良品率的关键因素。通过显微组织分析、力学性能测定、断口观察,研究了Q235冷拉拔低碳镀锌钢丝不同变形量下的加工硬化过程,并分析了断丝及钢丝表面出现箭头状裂纹的原因。结果表明:真应变从0增加到2.41的过程中,抗拉强度、横纵截面硬度随应变量增加呈抛物线状增加,抗拉强度从586.8 MPa增加到1157.1 MPa,横截面硬度比纵截面增加了5.8 HV。塑性变形初期,加工硬化率最大,为364.7 MPa。真应变从0增加到1.91过程中,加工硬化率从364.7 MPa降低到162.2 MPa,真应变从1.91增加到2.41的过程中,加工硬化率又增加到了172.0 MPa。钢丝中存在CaO夹杂物是导致钢丝出现断丝和表面箭头状裂纹的主要原因。

离子推力器电参数对真空度及工质流率的敏感特性实验研究

为探究影响LIPS-200离子推力器地面测试一致性的因素,深入理解离子推力器工作机理,通过实验研究获取了LIPS-200离子推力器电参数对真空度及工质流率的敏感特性。结果表明:真空度从2×10^(-3)Pa至1×10^(-2)Pa的变化过程中,束电流为额定束电流的1.7%左右,而加速电流升高了3倍;在改变中和器工质流率时,束电流及阳极电压几乎没有变化;而在增大阳极及主阴极工质流率的过程中,阳极电压均减小,束电流随着阳极工质流率的增大而逐渐增大,随着主阴极工质流率的增大而逐渐减小。研究结果对提升离子推力器地面测试一致性及优化工作点设置具有参考价值。

危废综合焚烧回转窑经济高效运行的技术难点及对策

随着国内危险废物处理产业化快速发展,回转窑综合焚烧技术得到了广泛应用,但其工业化应用存在回转窑工况不稳定、焚烧性能差、灰渣率高等问题,严重影响焚烧效率和运行成本。以危废综合焚烧的灰渣率为切入点,从回转窑焚烧机理、工艺设计、工艺控制、工艺运行等方面分析了灰渣率高的原因,并提出了相应的解决对策和建议,为危废综合焚烧回转窑经济高效运行和产业高质量发展提供参考和借鉴。

基于单缝法的混凝土工作应力微损测试

混凝土工作应力是相对于无应力状态的应力增量。为准确测定混凝土工作应力,基于“应变部分释放”的理念,提出一种用于混凝土工作应力的微损伤测试方法——单缝法。该方法通过切割一条较浅的弧形狭缝来释放应力,根据测试应变来计算应力。采用数值模拟验证了单缝法的有效性,并分析了混凝土弹性模量等参数对应变释放率的影响。应变释放率为切缝释放应变与混凝土初始应变的比值。通过试验研究了应力大小、切缝深度等参数对测试精度的影响。研究结果表明:应变释放率由切缝形状与大小唯一确定,与混凝土弹性模量、应力大小、切缝宽度等参数无关;给定切缝形状与大小,就可以借助数值模拟或试验确定相应的应变释放率。释放应变沿切缝两侧呈“M”形分布,远离切缝,释放应变呈先增加、后减小的趋势。应变片应尽量布置在应变较大且单调变化的位置,故建议选用50 mm的应变片,布置在距切缝边缘25 mm的位置。切缝深度越大,切割产生的扰动应变越大,当切缝深度小于35 mm,扰动应变为12~18με的压应变;扰动应变可在测试应变中扣除,以消除其对测试精度的影响。切缝深度越大,测试精度越高,但对混凝土的损伤也越大,若采用直径125 mm切割片,建议切缝深度控制在30~35 mm。单缝法能够有效测试混凝土工作应力且具有较高的精度,对于测试试样,测量误差少于8.5%。

粉末冶金Al-5.6Zn-2Mg合金在热压缩过程中加工硬化特性及本构模型的比较

在300~5000℃、应变速率为0.1~0.0001 s−1的条件下,在万能试验机上对Al-5.6Zn-2Mg铝合金进行热压缩试验,以确定动态再结晶开始时的加工硬化速率曲线σ_(c)(ε_(c))l以及关键特征σ_(c)(ε_(c))l、σ_(p)(ε_(p))和σ_(ss)与Z系数之间的相关性。使用了四个本构模型,Arrhenius模型、改进的Johnson-Cook模型(MJC)、改进的Zerilli-Armstrong模型(MZA)和开发的人工神经网络(ANN)。结果表明,ANN型模型和Arrhenius模型的相对误差的绝对平均值最低,分别为0.486%和3.36%,MZA型模型和MJC型模型的相对误差的绝对平均值较高,分别为8.84%和3.93%。由于Arrhenius模型能够处理各种因素之间的非线性关系,因此它被认为是最合适的预测模型,但在材料性质未知或实验数据有限的情况下,MJC模型可能是一种更简单的替代方法。MZA模型不适合估计热压缩时的流变应力。此外,训练最好的神经网络模型的预测性能最好,相对误差的绝对平均值为0.486%,R值为0.99。

一种迭代优化的联合播种机作业振动研究

为进一步提升我国联合播种机的综合播种效率,基于迭代计算模型理论针对其整机核心结构组件展开优化研究。通过搭建用于深度实现整机作业性能参数迭代优化的数学模型,考虑作业过程中部件振动与结构之间的关系,进行合理化的三维机构设计与振动仿真,并实施此迭代优化下的联合播种机实地作业试验。试验结果表明:经迭代优化后的联合播种机关键作业效能均得到明显改善,播种合格率和种子利用率分别相对提高了6.72%和8.79%,最佳作业频率阈值为14~16Hz,播种系统的作业稳定性与作业效率均提升至92%以上,可为种植装备的改进提供思路与方法。

基于大数据的焊装车间机器人利用率分析

介绍了机器人使用状态的评估现状,在此基础上给出了一种基于时间维度的机器人运行状态的评估方法,提出了机器人利用率的概念并给出了可视化展示方法。介绍了基于大数据和工业互联网的机器人运行时间获取方法,设计算法对获取到的数据进行处理,计算出能反映机器人实际运行状态的节拍运行时间,并对其进行可视化展示。最后结合案例介绍了机器人利用率可视化的价值,通过对比不同生产线或相同生产线不同工位的机器人利用率,为生产线节拍和产能提升提供优化方向。

持续质量改进在消毒供应中心的应用效果分析

目的分析消毒供应中心采取持续质量改进干预的效果。方法选取2022年1月—2023年1月山东省滨州市邹平市卫生健康保障中心的12名工作人员作为研究对象,其中2022年1—6月采取常规管理模式(常规组),2022年7月—2023年1月采取持续质量改进模式(改进组),12名工作人员均全程参与研究,比较持续质量改进前后的消毒灭菌、清洗合格率、消毒供应中心人员的工作质量评分。结果改进组的器械处理合格率高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。改进组的工作质量评分高于常规组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论消毒供应中心采取持续性质量改进干预模式可打破常规管理模式的局限性,提升消毒、清洗及灭菌合格率,并提升人员的工作质量,具有临床应用价值。

综合防尘措施在成庄矿井下综掘工作面的应用

煤矿井下生产过程中会产生大量粉尘,不仅对作业环境、机电设备造成严重影响,也时刻威胁着井下安全生产和作业人员身体健康。结合煤矿综掘工作面粉尘的产生机理及运动规律,探讨了多层级综合防尘措施在成庄矿井下综掘工作面的实际应用。综合防尘措施的应用,对综掘工作面粉尘形成了有效拦截,进一步提升了降尘率,既优化了工作面的作业环境,又保障了安全生产。