Effect of Working Temperature on the Resistance Characteristic of a Pleated Stainless Steel Woven Filter

Effect of working temperature on the resistance characteristic including the permeability coefficient and the pressure drop evolution of a pleated stainless steel woven filter with a nominal pore size of 0.5 μm has been studied. The permeability coefficient was obtained based on the pressure drop data and the Darcy＇s law. In three filtration experiments, pure carbon dioxide at 283 K, nitrogen at 85 K and liquid helium at 18 K are adopted, respectively. It is found that the permeability coefficient decreases at the working temperature due to the cold shrink of the filter element at cryogenic temperature. Then, two kinds of feed slurries, mixture of liquid nitrogen and solid carbon dioxide at 85 K, and mixture of liquid helium and solid nitrogen at 18 K, flow into the filter cell. The solid particles are deposited on the filter surface to form a filter cake and the purified liquid flows through the filter. It is found that the pressure drop evolution shows the same trend on these two temperatures, which can be divided into three stages with high filtration efficiency, indicating the feasibility of the filter for cryogenic application. However, variant cake resistances are obtained, which is resulted from the different interactions between solid particles in the feed slurry at lower working temperature.

Influence of Working Pressure on Ion Sensitive Probe Measurement in Microwave ECR Plasmas

In order to precisely measure the ion parameters in a microwave electron cyclotron resonance plasma using an ion sensitive probe,the dependences of the current-voltage（I-V）characteristics on the shielding height（h）and the potential difference between inner and outer electrodes（V_B）have been investigated at different working pressures of 0.03 Pa and 0.8 Pa.Results show that the I-V curves at higher pressure are more sensitive to the variation of h than those at lower pressure.The influence of V_B on ion temperature（T_i）measurement becomes more prominent when the pressure is increased from 0.03 Pa to 0.8 Pa.Under both pressures,the optimized h is obtained at the condition where the current reaches zero in the positive voltage region with a suitable V_B of-1.5 V because of effective shielding of the electron E×B drift.

Working fluid selection based on critical temperature and water temperature in organic Rankine cycle

This paper examines the thermal performance of working fluids in the entire evaporation temperature region up to near-critical temperature of working fluids in the organic Rankine cycle(ORC).The variation and tendency of the net power output with water temperature and correlated with the critical temperature of working fluids is investigated.Four characteristic curves of the net power output at particular water temperature(Tw_turn,Tw_app,Tw_tran and Tw_up)and their temperature difference(△T_turn=Tw_turn△Tcr,△T_app=Tw_app△Tcr)are obtained to evaluate the working fluids.The curve at"applicable water temperature(Tw_app)"is a demarcation to differentiate the net power output from low to high.The"upper water temperature(Tw_up)"is an upper limit of the water temperature to yield the higher net power output.A relation is built that the suitable water temperature is within the Tw_app and Tw_up of the working fluid.

Tensile behavior and deformation mechanism of quenching and partitioning treated steels at different deforming temperatures

The effects of deforming temperatures on the tensile behaviors of quenching and partitioning treated steels were investigated. It was found that the ultimate tensile strength of the steel decreased with the increasing temperature from 25 to 100 ℃, reached the maximum value at 300 ℃, and then declined by a significant extent when the temperature further reached 400 ℃. The total elongations at 100, 200 and 300 ℃are at about the same level. The steel achieved optimal mechanical properties at 300 ℃due to the proper transformation behavior of retained austenite since the stability of retained austenite is largely dependent on the deforming temperature. When tested at 100 and 200 ℃, the retained aus tenite was reluctant to transform, while at the other temperatures, about 10 vol. % of retained aus- tenite transformed during the tensile tests. The relationship between the stability of retained austenite and the work hardening behavior of quenching and partitioning treated steels at different deforming temperatures was also studied and discussed in detail. In order to obtain excellent mechanical properties, the stability of retained austenite should be carefully controlled so that the effect of transforma tion-induced plasticity could take place continuously during plastic deformation.

Recent progress in electrolyte design for advanced lithium metal batteries

Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have attracted considerable interest for use in electric vehicles and as next-generation energy storage devices because of their high energy density.However,a significant practical drawback with LMBs is the instability of the Li metal/electrolyte interface,with concurrent parasitic reactions and dendrite growth,that leads to low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycle life.Owing to the significant role of electrolytes in batteries,rationally designed electrolytes can improve the electrochemical performance of LMBs and possibly achieve fast charge and a wide range of working temperatures to meet various requirements of the market in the future.Although there are some review papers about electrolytes for LMBs,the focus has been on a single parameter or single performance separately and,therefore,not sufficient for the design of electrolytes for advanced LMBs for a wide range of working environments.This review presents a systematic summary of recent progress made in terms of electrolytes,covering the fundamental understanding of the mechanism,scientific challenges,and strategies to address drawbacks of electrolytes for high-performance LMBs.The advantages and disadvantages of various electrolyte strategies are also analyzed,yielding suggestions for optimum properties of electrolytes for advanced LMBs applications.Finally,the most promising research directions for electrolytes are discussed briefly.

High-Performance 3-D Fiber Network Composite Electrolyte Enabled with Li-Ion Conducting Nanofibers and Amorphous PEO-Based Cross-Linked Polymer for Ambient All-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries

Solid electrolytes have gained attention recently for the development of next-generation Li-ion batteries since they can fun-damentally improve the battery stability and safety.Among various types of solid electrolytes,composite solid electrolytes(CSEs)exhibit both high ionic conductivity and excellent interfacial contact with the electrodes.Incorporating active nanofib-ers into the polymer matrix demonstrates an effective method to fabricate CSEs.However,current CSEs based on traditional poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO)polymer suffer from the poor ionic conductivity of PEO and agglomeration effect of inorganic fillers at high concentrations,which limit further improvements in Li+conductivity and electrochemical stability.Herein,we synthesize a novel PEO based cross-linked polymer(CLP)as the polymer matrix with naturally amorphous structure and high room-temperature ionic conductivity of 2.40×10^(−4)S cm^(−1).Li_(0.3)La_(0.557)TiO_(3)(LLTO)nanofibers are incorporated into the CLP matrix to form composite solid electrolytes,achieving enhanced ionic conductivity without showing filler agglomeration.The high content of Li-conductive nanofibers improves the mechanical strength,ensures the conductive network,and increases the total Li+conductivity to 3.31×10^(−4)S cm^(−1).The all-solid-state Li|LiFePO_(4)batteries with LLTO nanofiber-incorporated CSEs are able to deliver attractive specific capacity of 147 mAh g^(−1)at room temperature,and no evident dendrite is found at the anode/electrolyte interface after 100 cycles.

Experimental Study and Analysis on Heat Transfer Coefficient of Radial Heat Pipe

The experimental study was performed on five eccentric radial heat pipes with two outer-tube diameters.The test range can be given as follows,working fluid filling ratio Ω=44%～83%,heat flux q=10000W/m2～32000W/m2,and working temperature tv=50 ℃～120 ℃.The correlations between radial heat pipe heat transfer performance and filling ratio,heat flux,working temperature were studied in the experiment.Based on linear regression of experimental data,the relationship between heat pipe equivalent heat resistance R and working temperature tv,heat flux q and filling ratio Ω was obtained.

Review of recent advances of polymer based dielectrics for high-energy storage in electronic power devices from the perspective of target applications

Polymer-based dielectric capacitors are widely-used energy storage devices.However,although the functions of dielectrics in applications like high-voltage direct current transmission projects,distributed energy systems,high-power pulse systems and new energy electric vehicles are similar,their requirements can be quite different.Low electric loss is a critical prerequisite for capacitors for electric grids,while high-temperature stability is an essential pre-requirement for those in electric vehicles.This paper reviews recent advances in this area,and categorizes dielectrics in terms of their foremost properties related to their target applications.Requirements for polymer-based dielectrics in various power electronic equipment are emphasized,including high energy storage density,low dissipation,high working temperature and fast-response time.This paper considers innovations including chemical structure modification,composite fabrication and structure re-design,and the enhancements to material performances achieved.The advantages and limitations of these methods are also discussed.

Thermal Crown Model and Shifting Effect Analysis of Work Roll in Hot Strip Mills

Considering the effect of work roll shifting on roll temperature field,a finite difference method of PR format for roll temperature field was presented,which can meet the requirements of accuracy and speed of online calculation.The step-by-step accumulation method was used to simulate the roll temperature field and thermal crown,and the evolution of roll thermal crown in a rolling campaign was studied.And then,the effects of strip width,rolling rhythm and work roll shifting on roll thermal crown were analyzed.It is found that work roll shifting can disperse the thermal expansion of the roll body especially the edge to make roll thermal contour uniform.The effect of work roll shifting on roll thermal crown is mainly concentrated in regions around twice of roll shifting stroke,and the change range of roll thermal crown is±30μm or so in the same roll body location.