The pedagogy employed in health care education must continually be questioned and expanded. Student nurses must be prepared for nursing practice that continually changes, consequently alternative concepts in nurse edu...The pedagogy employed in health care education must continually be questioned and expanded. Student nurses must be prepared for nursing practice that continually changes, consequently alternative concepts in nurse education must be considered. The aims were to provide student nurses with reflection skills and to evaluate the potential of studying the reflective process using visual art at a museum as an enriched activity in education. A pedagogical program with Gibbs’ reflection model was used as a complement. The study was conducted at a University College of Health Sciences in Sweden in collaboration with a visual art museum. Data were collected during a period of three years. A random sample (n = 35 of n = 98 students’ reports) was selected for qualitative analysis. The painting by George-Pierre Seurat, Seated woman was used as a source of inspiration. Analysis was conducted of the excerpts generated from the steps in Gibbs’ reflection model and from students’ evaluations of the teaching-learning structure. The results show that students were able to build hypothetical situations around the character depicted in the painting. They observed and described a great many aspects of the reflective process. The chosen painting was regarded as suitable for its purpose, and a source of inspiration. It could be interpreted as a patient you might meet in clinical practice. The students′ evaluations show that they became aware of knowledge they had not thought of before, and a way of taking a step closer to clinical practice. It could be concluded that art museum could be regarded as a stimulating environment that nurtured the reflective process. Consequently, visual art museums have to be considered as possible teaching learning milieus to be used in nurse education. It is to be hoped that this study will contribute to further development of visual art museums as teaching learning settings.展开更多
Based on an unexpected result of obtaining molecular sequence data from tropical representatives of the genus Normandina,we revised the biological concept of the neotropical taxon Marchandiomphalina foliacea.The obtai...Based on an unexpected result of obtaining molecular sequence data from tropical representatives of the genus Normandina,we revised the biological concept of the neotropical taxon Marchandiomphalina foliacea.The obtained data let us conclude that M.foliacea is not a basidiomycete,as originally proposed,but belongs in Verrucariaceae,in the genus Agonimia,including its perithecia which had been identified with the lichenicolous Norrlinia peltigericola.The ITS(and nuLSU)sequences previously obtained from M.foliacea,seemingly confirming its status as a basidiomycete,are from an unmanifested lichenicolous fungus,present also in numerous specimens of Normandina.ITS data suggest the presence of seven lineages that can be recognized at the species level,forming two clusters:one cluster of three lineages found in thalli of M.foliacea,and a second cluster of four lineages found in thalli of Normandina.This pattern is similar to what has recently been found in the basidiomycete genus Cyphobasidium occurring predominantly in Parmeliaceae lichens.We propose the combination of Omphalina foliacea into the genus Agonimia,as Agonimia foliacea(P.M.Jørg.)Lucking&Moncada,comb.nov.,and place Marchandiomphalina in synonymy with Agonimia.To formally recognize the unnamed lichenicolous basidiomycete present in Agonimia and Normandina thalli,we take advantage of provision ICN Art.40.5 in the Code and describe the unmanifested fungus as a new genus,with seven new species,even if no physical type specimens can be preserved(except for the corresponding host lichens which,however,do not show the features of the fungus):Lawreymyces Lucking&Moncada,gen.nov.(Type:L.palicei),with L.bogotensis Lucking&Moncada,sp.nov.,L.columbiensis Lucking&Moncada,sp.nov.,L.confusus Lucking&Moncada,sp.nov.,L,foliaceae Lucking&Moncada,sp.nov.,L.palicei Lucking&Moncada,sp.nov.,L.pulchellae Lucking&Moncada,sp.nov.,and L.spribillei Lucking&Moncada,sp.nov.This opens the door to the formal recognition of thousands of species of voucherless fungi detected through environmental sequencing techniques under the current Code.展开更多
库萨的尼古拉(Nikolaus von Cusa,1401-1464)①在从《论猜想》(Mutmaβungen,1442-1444)到《论眼镜》((U)ber den Beryll,1458)之间的几乎所有哲学作品中,都把人的精神能力作为绝对者启示自身的场所,通过探究它与绝对精神的关联来描述...库萨的尼古拉(Nikolaus von Cusa,1401-1464)①在从《论猜想》(Mutmaβungen,1442-1444)到《论眼镜》((U)ber den Beryll,1458)之间的几乎所有哲学作品中,都把人的精神能力作为绝对者启示自身的场所,通过探究它与绝对精神的关联来描述上帝的内在性,因此对精神的分析就成为库萨的尼古拉中期思想的核心.而精神则以“猜想”这种人-神关系为基础,基于猜想之上,库萨的尼古拉才发展出一系列关于人类精神之定位的论说.库萨的尼古拉对于人文主义者、经院哲学、神秘主义、唯名论、实在论都有所借鉴,但又不陷入其中的任何一种,他独特的思想无疑为我们反思后世的理性主义提供了一个有益的镜鉴.本文将先介绍无限精神在人类精神当中的内在存在与运动,进而以人类认知上帝的方式——猜想——为核心,展示人与上帝的关系模式,最后在此基础上考察库萨的尼古拉对人的自主性和创造力的看法.展开更多
文摘The pedagogy employed in health care education must continually be questioned and expanded. Student nurses must be prepared for nursing practice that continually changes, consequently alternative concepts in nurse education must be considered. The aims were to provide student nurses with reflection skills and to evaluate the potential of studying the reflective process using visual art at a museum as an enriched activity in education. A pedagogical program with Gibbs’ reflection model was used as a complement. The study was conducted at a University College of Health Sciences in Sweden in collaboration with a visual art museum. Data were collected during a period of three years. A random sample (n = 35 of n = 98 students’ reports) was selected for qualitative analysis. The painting by George-Pierre Seurat, Seated woman was used as a source of inspiration. Analysis was conducted of the excerpts generated from the steps in Gibbs’ reflection model and from students’ evaluations of the teaching-learning structure. The results show that students were able to build hypothetical situations around the character depicted in the painting. They observed and described a great many aspects of the reflective process. The chosen painting was regarded as suitable for its purpose, and a source of inspiration. It could be interpreted as a patient you might meet in clinical practice. The students′ evaluations show that they became aware of knowledge they had not thought of before, and a way of taking a step closer to clinical practice. It could be concluded that art museum could be regarded as a stimulating environment that nurtured the reflective process. Consequently, visual art museums have to be considered as possible teaching learning milieus to be used in nurse education. It is to be hoped that this study will contribute to further development of visual art museums as teaching learning settings.
基金supported by two grants from the National Science Foundation:Neotropical Epiphytic Microlichens-An Innovative Inventory of a Highly Diverse yet Little Known Group of Symbiotic Organisms(DEB 0715660 to The Field MuseumPI R.Lücking)+5 种基金Phylogenetic Diversity of Mycobionts and Photobionts in the Cyanolichen Genus Dictyonema,with Emphasis on the Neotropics and the Galapagos Islands(DEB 0841405 to George Mason UniversityPI J.LawreyCo-PIs:R.Lucking,P.Gillevet)The Verein der Freunde des Botanischen Gartens und Botanischen Museums Berlin-Dahlem e.V.(https://www.bgbm.org/de/BGBM/freunde/index.html)supported molecular sequencing work for specimens collected as part of the Pilotprojekt Kooperation mit dem Botanischen Garten Bogota´(BMBF,see below).The Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose´de Caldas,Bogota´,is thanked for the support to the lichen herbarium and the curatorial work of the UDBC collections,and the Field Museum and the BGBM kindly provided the logistics for the molecular work.The Jardı´n Bota´nico de Bogota´Jose´Celestino Mutis organized the field trip to Pasquilla(Bogota´),by agreement with the Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin,partially financed through the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research(BMBFPilotprojekt Kooperation mit dem Botanischen Garten Bogota´Forderkennzeichen:01DN13030).Paul Diederich is warmely thanked for placing a photograph of Agonimia globulifera at our disposal.
文摘Based on an unexpected result of obtaining molecular sequence data from tropical representatives of the genus Normandina,we revised the biological concept of the neotropical taxon Marchandiomphalina foliacea.The obtained data let us conclude that M.foliacea is not a basidiomycete,as originally proposed,but belongs in Verrucariaceae,in the genus Agonimia,including its perithecia which had been identified with the lichenicolous Norrlinia peltigericola.The ITS(and nuLSU)sequences previously obtained from M.foliacea,seemingly confirming its status as a basidiomycete,are from an unmanifested lichenicolous fungus,present also in numerous specimens of Normandina.ITS data suggest the presence of seven lineages that can be recognized at the species level,forming two clusters:one cluster of three lineages found in thalli of M.foliacea,and a second cluster of four lineages found in thalli of Normandina.This pattern is similar to what has recently been found in the basidiomycete genus Cyphobasidium occurring predominantly in Parmeliaceae lichens.We propose the combination of Omphalina foliacea into the genus Agonimia,as Agonimia foliacea(P.M.Jørg.)Lucking&Moncada,comb.nov.,and place Marchandiomphalina in synonymy with Agonimia.To formally recognize the unnamed lichenicolous basidiomycete present in Agonimia and Normandina thalli,we take advantage of provision ICN Art.40.5 in the Code and describe the unmanifested fungus as a new genus,with seven new species,even if no physical type specimens can be preserved(except for the corresponding host lichens which,however,do not show the features of the fungus):Lawreymyces Lucking&Moncada,gen.nov.(Type:L.palicei),with L.bogotensis Lucking&Moncada,sp.nov.,L.columbiensis Lucking&Moncada,sp.nov.,L.confusus Lucking&Moncada,sp.nov.,L,foliaceae Lucking&Moncada,sp.nov.,L.palicei Lucking&Moncada,sp.nov.,L.pulchellae Lucking&Moncada,sp.nov.,and L.spribillei Lucking&Moncada,sp.nov.This opens the door to the formal recognition of thousands of species of voucherless fungi detected through environmental sequencing techniques under the current Code.
文摘库萨的尼古拉(Nikolaus von Cusa,1401-1464)①在从《论猜想》(Mutmaβungen,1442-1444)到《论眼镜》((U)ber den Beryll,1458)之间的几乎所有哲学作品中,都把人的精神能力作为绝对者启示自身的场所,通过探究它与绝对精神的关联来描述上帝的内在性,因此对精神的分析就成为库萨的尼古拉中期思想的核心.而精神则以“猜想”这种人-神关系为基础,基于猜想之上,库萨的尼古拉才发展出一系列关于人类精神之定位的论说.库萨的尼古拉对于人文主义者、经院哲学、神秘主义、唯名论、实在论都有所借鉴,但又不陷入其中的任何一种,他独特的思想无疑为我们反思后世的理性主义提供了一个有益的镜鉴.本文将先介绍无限精神在人类精神当中的内在存在与运动,进而以人类认知上帝的方式——猜想——为核心,展示人与上帝的关系模式,最后在此基础上考察库萨的尼古拉对人的自主性和创造力的看法.
