Burn injury is a major public health concern,with an estimated 180,000 deaths each year associated with burn-related infections.The majority of these occur in low-and middle-income countries,and almost two-thirds occu...Burn injury is a major public health concern,with an estimated 180,000 deaths each year associated with burn-related infections.The majority of these occur in low-and middle-income countries,and almost two-thirds occur in the World Health Organization African and South-East Asia Regions.There is a risk of an escalation of burn injury site infections if nurses who are directly involved in burn care do not develop a mechanism to mitigate this risk in the coming years.Hence,this study aims at explaining what burn injuries are and how nurses can prevent the occurrence of infection among burn victims.This review analyzed published studies using keywords such as burn injury,infection in burn patients,and nurses’involvement in infection prevention and control(IPC)on search engines such as PubMed,Science Direct,and Google Scholar.The literature was retrieved and reviewed for eligibility to capture just the variables indicated in this seminar objective;the date range chosen in the literature search was from 2015 to 2023.The study found that many patients die from burn injuries as a result of exposure to infection and most nurses are not adequately informed about infection control.The study also found that nurses’responsibilities include proper hand hygiene,wound care,the use of personal protective equipment,antibiotic medication,cleaning the patient’s surroundings,and preventing patient cross-contamination.Burn injuries pose a significant risk to patients,necessitating infection control and prevention.Therefore,nurses in burn units should be informed on IPC practices and also educate patients,families,and coworkers on their importance.展开更多
The marine environment can be extremely dangerous,and the harm caused by marine organisms when they contact the human body can be especially harmful,even deadly.Contact includes stings,bites,wounds,and consumption as ...The marine environment can be extremely dangerous,and the harm caused by marine organisms when they contact the human body can be especially harmful,even deadly.Contact includes stings,bites,wounds,and consumption as food.In this article,the characteristics of the common marine biological injuries are summarized,the major marine organisms causing damage in China’s marine waters are described,and injury prevention and treatment methods are discussed.展开更多
Background: The activities carried out by soldiers in the army involve great physical demands and require intense trainings to perform combat-specific tasks. Musculoskeletal injury is a potential threat to the health ...Background: The activities carried out by soldiers in the army involve great physical demands and require intense trainings to perform combat-specific tasks. Musculoskeletal injury is a potential threat to the health and physical integrity of the soldier. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries among soldiers and to propose a training protocol to prevent the most frequent injuries.Methods: This observational(cross-sectional) study recruited a sample of 103 soldiers who required medical attention,from a total 202 new battalion soldiers. The medical records(paper and online) had a form of running text. All data collected were recorded by the registered physicians of the battalion medical post. The records were analyzed by the following variables: medical diagnosis, injury site, mechanism, type of treatment, time loss, existence of previous injury,and recurring injury.Results: A total of 112 musculoskeletal injuries were diagnosed in 71 soldiers, and other types of diseases/injuries were diagnosed in the other soldiers. Joint pain accounted for 55.4% of the diagnoses. The knee was the most affected site, while trauma and overload were the most common mechanisms of injury. Drug treatment was used most frequently, accounting for 58% of the cases. The majority of the sample obtained a temporary leave of absence for1 to 6 days or not at all. Previous injuries and recurrence were not presented as risk factors for injury. With the data received, a protocol for the prevention of injuries to the lower limbs was proposed.Conclusions: This study indicated that the most frequent site of injury is the knee, and joint pain is the most common diagnosis. These results may support the necessity to develop a neuromuscular training protocol to prevent lower limb injuries, which we suggest to be applied in future studies.展开更多
My topic is the risk assessment of safety of Chinese materia medica.Next I will take drug-induced hepatic injury as an example.First of all,let us look back at what Chinese materia medica is.What are the real meanings...My topic is the risk assessment of safety of Chinese materia medica.Next I will take drug-induced hepatic injury as an example.First of all,let us look back at what Chinese materia medica is.What are the real meanings of these 3 words? These 3 words Zi Hua Zi have been said more than BC 500."TCM practitioners are for treatment and medicines," what do you mean? Treatment means to find the cause of the disease and to find the law,while medicine is to find ways and means to cure diseases.展开更多
As an important component of worldwide injury prevention,China has made great contribution to the development.China is serving as a model for other countries in the world,especially developing countries,and China’s e...As an important component of worldwide injury prevention,China has made great contribution to the development.China is serving as a model for other countries in the world,especially developing countries,and China’s experience has great implications for them.Besides the description of the present situation and trends of China’s injury prevention work and review for its development history,this paper has also introduced the existing issues and the current challenges,and informed the e orts of the sta in related eld to nd solutions from di erent aspects.All of them jointly boosted the development of global injury prevention.展开更多
In the last two decades, much progress has been made in the control of burn wound infection and nasocomial infections(NI) in severely burned patients. The continiually changing epidemiology is partially related to gre...In the last two decades, much progress has been made in the control of burn wound infection and nasocomial infections(NI) in severely burned patients. The continiually changing epidemiology is partially related to greater understanding of and improved techniques for burn patient management as well as effective hospital infection control measures. With the advent of antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents, infection of the wound site is now not as common as, for example, urinary and blood stream infections. Universal application of early excision of burned tissues has made a substantial improvement in the control of wound-related infections in burns. Additionally, the development of new technologies in wound care have helped to decrease morbidity and mortality in severe burn victims. Many examples can be given of the successful control of wound infection, such as the application of an appropriate antibiotic solution to invasive wound infection sites with simultaneous vacuum-assisted closure, optimal preservation of viable tissues with waterjet debridement systems, edema and exudate controlling dressings impregnated with Ag(Silvercel, Aquacell-Ag). The burned patient is at high risk for NI. Invasive interventions including intravenous and urinary chateterization, and entubation pose a further risk of NIs. The use of newly designed antimicrobial impregnated chateters or silicone devices may help thecontrol of infection in these immunocomprimised patients. Strict infection control practices(physical isolation in a private room, use of gloves and gowns during patient contact) and appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy guided by laboratory surveillance culture as well as routine microbial burn wound culture are essential to help reduce the incidance of infections due to antibiotic resistant microorganisms.展开更多
A heightened risk for lateral ankle sprain injuries has been associated with excessive shoe-surface friction.‘Spraino’is a novel product specifically designed towards preventing friction-related lateral ankle sprain...A heightened risk for lateral ankle sprain injuries has been associated with excessive shoe-surface friction.‘Spraino’is a novel product specifically designed towards preventing friction-related lateral ankle sprains.In a recent 510-athlete randomized controlled trial,allocation to this“low-friction”shoe-patch resulted in a 53%reduction of severe ankle sprain injuries.Until now,however,a theoretical explanation linking shoe-surface friction and lateral ankle sprain injury mechanism is missing,and the extent to which Spraino reduces shoesurface friction remains unknown.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to present a theoretical link between lateral edge shoe-surface friction and the mechanism of lateral ankle sprain injuries,and ultimately establish the ability of Spraino to reduce lateral edge shoe-surface friction.In this paper,we present a theory on how ankle sprain mechanics are directly affected by the friction between shoe and surface,and why friction modifications might be a viable preventive strategy.When testing slip resistance in a modified mechanical testsetup,we detected a 63%reduction(0.83–0.31)in friction coefficient between the lateral edge of the outsole and the indoor sports floor when adding Spraino to the side of the shoe.Justified in our theory,and the previously established clinical effectiveness,this reduction in friction can mitigate both the risk and severity of lateral ankle sprain injuries.This suggests that reducing friction on the lateral edge of footwear can be an effective ankle sprain injury prevention strategy.展开更多
Objective： To probe the feasibility and efficacy of damage control orthopedics （DCO） in treating severe multiple injuries. Methods： A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 41 patients （31 males...Objective： To probe the feasibility and efficacy of damage control orthopedics （DCO） in treating severe multiple injuries. Methods： A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 41 patients （31 males and 10 females, aged 18-71 years, mean： 36.4） with multiple injuries admitted to our department and treated by DCO from January 1995 to December 2005. Results： As a first-stage therapy, devascularization of internal iliac arteries was performed in 29 patients with pelvic fractures combined with massive bleeding, including ligation of bilateral internal iliac arteries in 21 patients and embolization of bilateral internal iliac arteries in 8. And early external fixation of pelvis was performed in 10 patients. Ten patients with severe multiple injuries combined with femoral fractures were managed with primary debridement and temporal external fixation and 2 patients with spinal fractures combined with spinal cord compression received simple laminectomy. Thirty-one patients received definite internal fixation after resuscitation in intensive care unit. The overall mortality rate was 12.1% （5/41） with an average injury severity score of 41.4. The main causes of death were hemorrhagic shock and associated injuries. Complications occurred in 7 patients including acute respiratory distress syndrome in 3 cases, thrombosis of right common iliac artery in 1, subphernic abscess in 2 and infection of deep wound in lower extremity in 1. After treatment, all the patients got cured. Conclusions： Prompt diagnosis and integrated treatment are keys to higher survival rate in patients with severe multiple injuries. In this condition, DCO is an effective and safe option.展开更多
文摘Burn injury is a major public health concern,with an estimated 180,000 deaths each year associated with burn-related infections.The majority of these occur in low-and middle-income countries,and almost two-thirds occur in the World Health Organization African and South-East Asia Regions.There is a risk of an escalation of burn injury site infections if nurses who are directly involved in burn care do not develop a mechanism to mitigate this risk in the coming years.Hence,this study aims at explaining what burn injuries are and how nurses can prevent the occurrence of infection among burn victims.This review analyzed published studies using keywords such as burn injury,infection in burn patients,and nurses’involvement in infection prevention and control(IPC)on search engines such as PubMed,Science Direct,and Google Scholar.The literature was retrieved and reviewed for eligibility to capture just the variables indicated in this seminar objective;the date range chosen in the literature search was from 2015 to 2023.The study found that many patients die from burn injuries as a result of exposure to infection and most nurses are not adequately informed about infection control.The study also found that nurses’responsibilities include proper hand hygiene,wound care,the use of personal protective equipment,antibiotic medication,cleaning the patient’s surroundings,and preventing patient cross-contamination.Burn injuries pose a significant risk to patients,necessitating infection control and prevention.Therefore,nurses in burn units should be informed on IPC practices and also educate patients,families,and coworkers on their importance.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Commission,No.202140061.
文摘The marine environment can be extremely dangerous,and the harm caused by marine organisms when they contact the human body can be especially harmful,even deadly.Contact includes stings,bites,wounds,and consumption as food.In this article,the characteristics of the common marine biological injuries are summarized,the major marine organisms causing damage in China’s marine waters are described,and injury prevention and treatment methods are discussed.
基金funded by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Level(CAPES)scholarship
文摘Background: The activities carried out by soldiers in the army involve great physical demands and require intense trainings to perform combat-specific tasks. Musculoskeletal injury is a potential threat to the health and physical integrity of the soldier. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of lower limb musculoskeletal injuries among soldiers and to propose a training protocol to prevent the most frequent injuries.Methods: This observational(cross-sectional) study recruited a sample of 103 soldiers who required medical attention,from a total 202 new battalion soldiers. The medical records(paper and online) had a form of running text. All data collected were recorded by the registered physicians of the battalion medical post. The records were analyzed by the following variables: medical diagnosis, injury site, mechanism, type of treatment, time loss, existence of previous injury,and recurring injury.Results: A total of 112 musculoskeletal injuries were diagnosed in 71 soldiers, and other types of diseases/injuries were diagnosed in the other soldiers. Joint pain accounted for 55.4% of the diagnoses. The knee was the most affected site, while trauma and overload were the most common mechanisms of injury. Drug treatment was used most frequently, accounting for 58% of the cases. The majority of the sample obtained a temporary leave of absence for1 to 6 days or not at all. Previous injuries and recurrence were not presented as risk factors for injury. With the data received, a protocol for the prevention of injuries to the lower limbs was proposed.Conclusions: This study indicated that the most frequent site of injury is the knee, and joint pain is the most common diagnosis. These results may support the necessity to develop a neuromuscular training protocol to prevent lower limb injuries, which we suggest to be applied in future studies.
文摘My topic is the risk assessment of safety of Chinese materia medica.Next I will take drug-induced hepatic injury as an example.First of all,let us look back at what Chinese materia medica is.What are the real meanings of these 3 words? These 3 words Zi Hua Zi have been said more than BC 500."TCM practitioners are for treatment and medicines," what do you mean? Treatment means to find the cause of the disease and to find the law,while medicine is to find ways and means to cure diseases.
文摘As an important component of worldwide injury prevention,China has made great contribution to the development.China is serving as a model for other countries in the world,especially developing countries,and China’s experience has great implications for them.Besides the description of the present situation and trends of China’s injury prevention work and review for its development history,this paper has also introduced the existing issues and the current challenges,and informed the e orts of the sta in related eld to nd solutions from di erent aspects.All of them jointly boosted the development of global injury prevention.
文摘In the last two decades, much progress has been made in the control of burn wound infection and nasocomial infections(NI) in severely burned patients. The continiually changing epidemiology is partially related to greater understanding of and improved techniques for burn patient management as well as effective hospital infection control measures. With the advent of antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents, infection of the wound site is now not as common as, for example, urinary and blood stream infections. Universal application of early excision of burned tissues has made a substantial improvement in the control of wound-related infections in burns. Additionally, the development of new technologies in wound care have helped to decrease morbidity and mortality in severe burn victims. Many examples can be given of the successful control of wound infection, such as the application of an appropriate antibiotic solution to invasive wound infection sites with simultaneous vacuum-assisted closure, optimal preservation of viable tissues with waterjet debridement systems, edema and exudate controlling dressings impregnated with Ag(Silvercel, Aquacell-Ag). The burned patient is at high risk for NI. Invasive interventions including intravenous and urinary chateterization, and entubation pose a further risk of NIs. The use of newly designed antimicrobial impregnated chateters or silicone devices may help thecontrol of infection in these immunocomprimised patients. Strict infection control practices(physical isolation in a private room, use of gloves and gowns during patient contact) and appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy guided by laboratory surveillance culture as well as routine microbial burn wound culture are essential to help reduce the incidance of infections due to antibiotic resistant microorganisms.
基金Innovation Fund Denmark[grant number 7038-00087B].
文摘A heightened risk for lateral ankle sprain injuries has been associated with excessive shoe-surface friction.‘Spraino’is a novel product specifically designed towards preventing friction-related lateral ankle sprains.In a recent 510-athlete randomized controlled trial,allocation to this“low-friction”shoe-patch resulted in a 53%reduction of severe ankle sprain injuries.Until now,however,a theoretical explanation linking shoe-surface friction and lateral ankle sprain injury mechanism is missing,and the extent to which Spraino reduces shoesurface friction remains unknown.Therefore,the purpose of this study was to present a theoretical link between lateral edge shoe-surface friction and the mechanism of lateral ankle sprain injuries,and ultimately establish the ability of Spraino to reduce lateral edge shoe-surface friction.In this paper,we present a theory on how ankle sprain mechanics are directly affected by the friction between shoe and surface,and why friction modifications might be a viable preventive strategy.When testing slip resistance in a modified mechanical testsetup,we detected a 63%reduction(0.83–0.31)in friction coefficient between the lateral edge of the outsole and the indoor sports floor when adding Spraino to the side of the shoe.Justified in our theory,and the previously established clinical effectiveness,this reduction in friction can mitigate both the risk and severity of lateral ankle sprain injuries.This suggests that reducing friction on the lateral edge of footwear can be an effective ankle sprain injury prevention strategy.
文摘Objective： To probe the feasibility and efficacy of damage control orthopedics （DCO） in treating severe multiple injuries. Methods： A retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 41 patients （31 males and 10 females, aged 18-71 years, mean： 36.4） with multiple injuries admitted to our department and treated by DCO from January 1995 to December 2005. Results： As a first-stage therapy, devascularization of internal iliac arteries was performed in 29 patients with pelvic fractures combined with massive bleeding, including ligation of bilateral internal iliac arteries in 21 patients and embolization of bilateral internal iliac arteries in 8. And early external fixation of pelvis was performed in 10 patients. Ten patients with severe multiple injuries combined with femoral fractures were managed with primary debridement and temporal external fixation and 2 patients with spinal fractures combined with spinal cord compression received simple laminectomy. Thirty-one patients received definite internal fixation after resuscitation in intensive care unit. The overall mortality rate was 12.1% （5/41） with an average injury severity score of 41.4. The main causes of death were hemorrhagic shock and associated injuries. Complications occurred in 7 patients including acute respiratory distress syndrome in 3 cases, thrombosis of right common iliac artery in 1, subphernic abscess in 2 and infection of deep wound in lower extremity in 1. After treatment, all the patients got cured. Conclusions： Prompt diagnosis and integrated treatment are keys to higher survival rate in patients with severe multiple injuries. In this condition, DCO is an effective and safe option.
