三维各向异性TI介质中的P/S波快速解耦技术及在弹性波逆时偏移中的应用

随着多分量采集技术的发展,弹性波逆时偏移技术在三维各向异性介质复杂地质构造成像中得到了广泛的应用.然而耦合的P波场和S波场,会在传播过程中产生串扰噪声,降低弹性波逆时偏移的成像精度.为了解决这一问题,本研究针对具有倾斜各向异性对称轴的三维横向各向同性(Transverse Isotropy,TI)介质,提出了一种矢量弹性波场快速解耦方法,可以有效提高偏移剖面的成像质量.该方法首先通过坐标转换,将观测系统坐标系的垂直轴旋转到TI介质的对称轴方向,在新坐标系下,根据具有垂直对称轴的三维横向各向同性(Vertical Transverse Isotropy,VTI)介质中的分解算子,推导出三维TI介质解耦算子表达式.接着引入一种在空间域快速计算分解波场的方法,来实现空间域矢量P波场和S波场分离,极大地提高了计算效率.最后,通过点积成像条件,将提出的P/S波分解方法引入到三维TI介质弹性波逆时偏移中,得到高精度的PP和PS成像.与以往的波场分解方法相比,本文方法具有数值稳定和计算效率高的特点.数值算例表明,应用上述三维TI分解算子得到的偏移剖面有效压制了噪声,提高了成像质量.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphisms in inflammatory bowel disease: An association study in New Zealand Caucasians and meta-analysis

AIM:To investigate the association of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF)promoter polymorphisms with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)risk.METHODS:One thousand and six New Zealand Caucasian cases and 540 Caucasian controls were genotyped for the MIF SNP-173G>C(rs755622)and the repeat polymorphism CATT5-8(rs5844572)using a predesigned TaqMan SNP assay and capillary electrophoresis,respectively.Data were analysed for single site and haplotype association with IBD risk and phenotype.Meta-analysis was employed,to assess cumulative evidence of association of MIF-173G>C with IBD.All published genotype data for MIF-173G>C in IBD were identified using PubMed and subsequently searching the references of all PubMed-identified studies.Imputed genotypes for MIF-173G>C were generated from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium(and National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases).Separate meta-analyses were performed on Caucasian Crohn’s disease(CD)(3863 patients,6031controls),Caucasian ulcerative colitis(UC)(1260 patients,1987 controls),and East Asian UC(416 patients and 789 controls)datasets using the Mantel-Haenszel method.The New Zealand dataset had 93%power,and the meta-analyses had 100%power to detect an effect size of OR=1.40 atα=0.05,respectively.RESULTS:In our New Zealand dataset,single-site analysis found no evidence of association of MIF polymorphisms with overall risk of CD,UC,and IBD or disease phenotype(all P values>0.05).Haplotype analysis found the CATT5/-173C haplotype occurred at a higher frequency in New Zealand controls compared to IBD patients(0.6 vs 0.01;P=0.03,OR=0.22;95%CI:0.05-0.99),but this association did not survive bonferroni correction.Meta-analysis of our New Zealand MIF-173G>C data with data from seven additional Caucasian datasets using a random effects model found no association of MIF polymorphisms with CD,UC,or overall IBD.Similarly,meta-analysis of all published MIF-173G>C data from East Asian datasets(416UC patients,789 controls)found no association of this promoter polymorphism with UC.

基于PI方法的华北2019年以来3次M_(S)≥5.0地震回溯性预测研究

本文应用图像信息(PI)方法对2023年山东平原M_(S)5.5地震、2021年江苏大丰海域M_(S)5.0地震和2020年河北古冶M_(S)5.1地震进行了回溯性预测研究。以华北局部(32°N~42°N,114°E~122°E)为研究区域,在网格尺度分别为0.5°×0.5°和1.0°×1.0°且预测窗长为5 a的两组参数模型下,获取2019—2027年逐年滑动的预测窗热点演化图像。结果显示,当网格尺度为1.0°×1.0°时,PI热点效果优于0.5°×0.5°网格,且对平原地震和大丰海域地震的发震位置指示作用较好。当时间窗长和归一化阈值绝对值同时增大,个别窗口存在古冶地震的有效热点,但未找到热点能同时覆盖3个地震震中所在网格的参数模型。不同参数模型下的PI热点显示,未来3~4 a郯庐断裂带渤海段存在发生M_(S)≥5.0地震的风险。本文研究结果对于华北局部地区M_(S)≥5.0地震危险性分析具有一定的参考意义。

Infection of Schistosomiasis japanicum is likely to enhance proliferation and migration of human breast cancer cells:mechanism of action of differential expression of MMP2 and MMP9

Objective:To study whether the infection of Schistosomiasis japanicum(S.japanicum) is related to enhanced proliferation and migration of cancer cells,and the molecular mechanism pertains to cancer cell metastasis in human host.Methods:The gene of S.japanicum glutathione transferase(sjGST) cloned from 5.japanicum was expressed,purified and applied in a series of assays to explore the effect of sjGST on proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-435S,and the expression of MMP2 and MMP9.Immunofluorescence assay for the binding of sjGST to MDA-MB-435S was also carried out.Results:Results showed that sjGST enhanced proliferation and migration in human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-435S signifycantly at 50-200 nM,but did not enhance them in human lung cancer cell A549.Immunofluorescence assay for the binding of sjGST to MDA-MB-435S and A549 showed that GST was readily hound to the breast cancer cells,but showed almost no binding to human lung cancer cells.The assays for gelatinase activity showed that both MMP2 and MMP9 activities were increased significantly in the presence of sjGST(50-200 nM) in MDA-MB-435S, but they were not significant in A549.Conclusions:Our current results show strongly that S. japanicum GST binds to MDA-MB-435S probably via its i'eceptor,and enhances proliferation and migration of the cancer cells by up-regulatory expression of MMP2 and MMP9.

具有稚虫迁徙机制的S型自适应混沌蜉蝣算法

针对蜉蝣优化算法(MA)全局搜索能力较弱,对子代优秀个体有效信息利用不够充分的缺点,以及在计算中后期易陷入局部收敛,进而影响优化效果的问题,提出一种具有稚虫迁徙机制的S型自适应混沌蜉蝣优化算法(S-AMA)。S-AMA算法首先采用Logistic混沌映射产生蜉蝣种群,增加算法初期种群的多样性;随后,将蜉蝣生命周期进行数学建模,并引入S型生命系数替换原有的重力惯性系数,动态调整算法探索能力和开发能力间的平衡性;最后,根据蜉蝣在缺氧环境下的种群活动,引入稚虫迁徙机制强化子代优秀个体摆脱局部最优的能力,进而更加充分地搜索最优解附近的区域,以增强算法的收敛精度。实验部分将S-AMA应用于标准函数测试集,并分别进行优化对比实验、Wilcoxon秩和检验。结果表明:与对比算法相比,S-AMA算法具有更好的寻优能力、收敛速度及鲁棒性。

Perfluoropentane-based oxygen-loaded nanodroplets reduce microglial activation through metabolic reprogramming

Microglia,the primary immune cells within the brain,have gained recognition as a promising therapeutic target for managing neurodegenerative diseases within the central nervous system,including Parkinson’s disease.Nanoscale perfluorocarbon droplets have been reported to not only possess a high oxygen-carrying capacity,but also exhibit remarkable anti-inflammatory properties.However,the role of perfluoropentane in microglia-mediated central inflammatory reactions remains poorly understood.In this study,we developed perfluoropentane-based oxygen-loaded nanodroplets(PFP-OLNDs)and found that pretreatment with these droplets suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of M1-type microglia in vitro and in vivo,and suppressed microglial activation in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease.Microglial suppression led to a reduction in the inflammatory response,oxidative stress,and cell migration capacity in vitro.Consequently,the neurotoxic effects were mitigated,which alleviated neuronal degeneration.Additionally,ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of PFP-OLNDs mainly resulted from the modulation of microglial metabolic reprogramming.We further showed that PFP-OLNDs regulated microglial metabolic reprogramming through the AKT-mTOR-HIF-1αpathway.Collectively,our findings suggest that the novel PFP-OLNDs constructed in this study alleviate microglia-mediated central inflammatory reactions through metabolic reprogramming.

Photoperiod and Nitrogen Supply Limit the Scope of Northward Migration and Seed Transfer of Black Spruce in a Future Climate Associated with Doubled Atmospheric CO2 Concentration

The predicated changes in precipitation and temperature associated with the continued elevation of atmospheric CO2 concentration will trigger the northward shift of the Climate Envelopes for 130 North America tree species by as much as 10 degrees. However, climate envelope models do not take into account changes in other factors that may also influence the survival and growth of plants at the predicted new locations, such as photoperiod and nutrient regimes. This study investigated how photoperiod and nitrogen supply would affect the ecophysiological traits of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) B. S. P.) that are critical for survival and growth at new locations predicted by climate envelope models. We exposed black spruce seedlings to the photoperiod regime at the seed origin (PS) and that 10° north of the seed origin (PNM) as predicted by climate envelope models under the current and doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration and different levels of N supply (30 vs. 300 μmol·mol-1 N). We found that the PNM and the 30 μmol·mol-1 N supply both had negative impact on the development of seedling cold hardiness in the fall, and led to earlier burst of the terminal bud and greater rate of mortality in the following growing season. While the PNM stimulated seedling growth in the first growing season, the effect was not sustained in the second growing season. Our results suggest that the photoperiod regimes and poor nutrient conditions at higher latitudes will likely constrain the scope of the northward migration or seed transfer of black spruce.

肿瘤相关巨噬细胞内Notch⁃1通过抑制组织蛋白酶S过表达影响非小细胞肺癌腺癌侵袭转移的机制研究

目的探讨Notch-1在合并及未合并肝转移非小细胞肺癌腺癌患者肿瘤相关巨噬细胞内的表达情况,并通过体外细胞培养分析其对癌细胞侵袭转移的影响及相关机制。方法收集2021年1月至2022年12月收治的64例非小细胞肺癌腺癌患者标本,并分为未合并肝转移组32例和合并肝转移组32例,利用流式分选法分离CD68+肿瘤相关巨噬细胞,应用Western blot法检测2组CD68+肿瘤相关巨噬细胞Notch-1及相关蛋白表达水平。采用体外培养人单核/巨噬细胞THP-1细胞分别感染Notch-1 NC(阴性对照)和shRNA慢病毒载体后与人非小细胞肺癌A549共培养,应用Western blot法检测THP-1细胞相关蛋白表达情况,Transwell实验及划痕实验检测共培养体系中A549细胞迁移及侵袭能力。结果与未合并肝转移组比较,合并肝转移组CD68+肿瘤相关巨噬细胞内Notch-1表达水平显著降低,并伴随精氨酸酶-1及组织蛋白酶S表达水平显著增高(P<0.05)。与Notch-1 NC组比较,Notch-1 shRNA组THP-1细胞Notch-1表达水平显著降低,并伴随组织蛋白酶S表达水平升高(P<0.05)。与感染Notch-1 shRNA的THP-1细胞共培养后抑制表达Notch-1的A549细胞侵袭和迁移细胞数目明显增多,且细胞划痕距离明显减小(P<0.05)。结论肿瘤相关巨噬细胞内Notch-1蛋白表达具有抑制非小细胞肺癌腺癌细胞侵袭及转移的作用。

Writer’s Workshop写作模式对英语写作的影响

文中对某高校93名非英语专业本科生,进行了一项运用Writer’s Workshop写作模式来提高学生英语写作中内容知识和写作成绩的研究。研究结果表明,在大学英语写作中,使用该写作模式,既能提高学生的英语写作能力,也能激发他们的自主学习能力和合作能力。

2022年1月8日青海门源M_(S)6.9地震前重力场动态变化

2022年1月8日青海门源M_(S)6.9地震前,中国地震局在青藏高原东北缘开展了多期流动重力观测,并观测到震中附近重力场随时间的变化.我们曾利用震中附近重力场变化信息在地震前对发震地点进行了较为准确的预测.本文综合利用地面绝对重力、相对重力资料,对青藏高原东北缘2018—2021年间的重力观测数据进行整体处理,系统分析了区域重力场动态变化及其与门源M_(S)6.9地震发生的关系.结合地震剪切波分裂、地壳裂隙及饱和度研究成果,进一步研究了区域重力场变化的时空分布特征及其机理.结果表明:(1)门源M_(S)6.9地震前2年累积重力变化呈现出明显的四象限分布特征,震中位于重力变化的四象限中心零等值线附近;(2)地震前重力异常持续时间与震级的关系、地震剪切波分裂产生的慢波时间延迟持续时间与震级的关系显现一致性,这种一致性表明地下流体运移可能是地震前观测到的重力变化的主要成因;(3)本次震中东南侧的显著重力变化延伸到了冷龙岭断裂东段至海原断裂一带,后期仍需要关注该地区的地震危险性.

Migration and distribution characteristics of soil heavy metal(loid)s at a lead smelting site

Heavy metal(loid)s contamination is a constant issue at smelting sites.It is essential to investigate the spatial distribution and migration characteristics of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil for environmental management and remediation strategies of non-ferrous smelting sites.In this study,203 soil samples from 57 sites were collected in a typical lead smelting site.The findings demonstrated that there were significant Pb,Zn,Cd,and As contamination in soil samples.The spatial distribution of heavy metal(loid)s showed strong spatial heterogeneity,the contaminated soil areas of Pb,As,Cd,and Zn were 99.5%,98.9%,85.3%,and 72.4%,respectively.Pb,Cd,and As contamination of the soil reached a depth of 5 m,which migrated from the surface to deep soil layers.The leaching contents of Zn,Pb,and As decreased obviously in 3-4 m soil layer,but the leaching content of Cd was still high,which indicated the high migration of Cd.With the increase of depth,the proportion of acid soluble fraction of heavy metal(loid)s decreased,and the residual fraction increased.The acid soluble fraction of Cd accounted for a higher proportion,and As mainly existed in reducible and residual fractions in soil.According to the calculation of the migration factor,the migration of heavy metal(loid)s in soils were ordered as Cd>Zn>Pb>As.The outcomes are advantageous for risk reduction and site remediation for non-ferrous metal smelting sites.

2021年茫崖M_(S)5.8地震前地震条带短临异常分析

1研究背景。大量震例研究表明,在中强地震孕育过程中,一定区域中小地震活动会出现由凌乱、分散的分布转为集中成带的现象(刘蒲雄等,1969),即地震条带。地震条带的震兆性在我国的地震预报实践备受重视,广泛运用于日常震情跟踪与中强地震危险性分析。

人参皂苷20(S)-Rg3通过调控KRT18P55抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖和迁移

目的探讨人参皂苷20(S)-Rg3抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖和迁移的机制。方法在西安交通大学第一附属医院收集卵巢癌组织19例,正常卵巢组织18例,采用real-time PCR检测lncRNA KRT18P55的表达。将卵巢癌细胞SKOV3和3AO分别分为2组:阴性对照组和20(S)-Rg3组,通过real-time PCR检测KRT18P55的表达水平,CCK-8和平板克隆实验检测SKOV3和3AO细胞增殖能力,Transwell小室法检测SKOV3和3AO细胞迁移能力。将KRT18P55 siRNA分别转染SKOV3和3AO细胞,通过real-time PCR检测KRT18P55的表达水平,CCK-8和平板克隆实验检测SKOV3和3AO细胞增殖能力,Transwell小室法检测SKOV3和3AO细胞迁移能力。癌症基因组学门户网站(cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics,cBioPortal)提取KRT18P55共表达基因数据;基因功能分析数据库(Gene Annotation and Analysis Resource,Metascape)对KRT18P55及其显著相关基因进行功能富集分析;基因表达谱交互式分析(Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis,GEPIA)、阿拉巴马大学癌症数据分析门户(University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer Data Analysis Portal,UALCAN)在线数据库对筛选的KRT18P55显著相关基因进行表达分析。结果人卵巢癌组织中的KRT18P55表达水平显著高于正常卵巢组织,经20(S)-Rg3处理的卵巢癌细胞SKOV3和3AO的增殖和迁移能力均下降,KRT18P55的表达水平显著降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。敲低KRT18P55后,卵巢癌细胞的增殖和迁移能力下降(P<0.05)。基因本体(Gene Ontology,GO)功能富集分析显示,KRT18P55可能参与中间丝细胞骨架组成、外源性凋亡信号通路等。GEPIA及UALCAN数据库的表达分析显示,KRT18P55相关性最强的两个基因KRT18、KRT8的mRNA及蛋白水平在卵巢癌中均较正常对照显著增高(P<0.05)。结论人参皂苷20(S)-Rg3可能通过降低KRT18P55的表达水平抑制卵巢癌细胞的增殖与迁移,进而抑制卵巢癌的进展。

Migratory Behavior of Franklin’s Gulls (Larus pipixcan) in Peru

Information on the migratory pathways for birds is essential to the future citing of wind power facilities, particularly in off-shore waters. Yet, relatively little is known about the coastal or offshore migratory behavior of most birds, including Franklin’s gulls (Larus pipixcan), a long-distant migrant. We report observations along the coast of Peru made in November 2008 to determine where birds concentrated. Wind facilities can not avoid regions of high avian activity without knowing where that activity occurs. Migrant flocks of 250 to 50,000 were observed on coastal farmfields, dumps and estuaries, on beaches and mudflats, and up to 45 km offshore. Bathing and foraging flocks ranged in size from 20 to 500 birds, and most flocks were monospecific, with occasional grey-headed (Larus cirrocephalus) and band-tailed (L. belcheri) on the periphery. While previous notes report Franklin’s gulls foraging coastally, we found flocks feeding up to 45 km offshore by diving for prey or feeding on the water. The relative percentage of birds of the year varied in migrant flocks from zero to 14%, with lower numbers of young foraging aerially on insects (only 1%). The percentage of young feeding over the ocean decreased with increasing distance from shore;no young of the year were recorded at 36-44 km offshore. While there were large flocks of Franklin’s gulls resting on the water inshore, the number of gulls foraging offshore did not decline up to 45 km offshore. The presence of foraging flocks of Franklin’s gulls out to 45 km offshore, and occupying space from 0 to 20 m above the water, suggests that they would be vulnerable to offshore anthropogenic activities, such as offshore drilling and wind facilities.

2022年青海门源M_(s)6.9地震余震演化与地震触发

地震序列的时空演化有助于揭示地震成核过程和地震相互作用.本文采用双差定位方法对2009年以来门源地区的目录地震重新定位,并以其为模板,匹配扫描连续波形,完善2022年门源M_(s)6.9地震前后的活动图像.结果表明:2022年门源M_(s)6.9地震主要发生在托勒山北断裂南侧高角度南倾的走滑断裂上,无明显前震活动,是典型的主—余型序列;早期余震向主震东西两侧扩展,迁移距离与流逝时间呈对数关系,符合震后余滑扩散特征,并且西侧的迁移速率和地震强度高于东侧;冷龙岭断裂和门源地震发震断裂斜交,但它的地震活动与余震不同,这些活动在余震扩散前锋到达前开始,沿断层向东南方向迁移但很快受阻,直到5 d后Ms5.2地震发生后才继续南迁,最后终止于2016年门源Ms6.4地震余震扩散区的尾端附近.因此,两条断层上的地震时空演化反映了断层之间的相互作用,冷龙岭断裂的地震活动受2022年门源主震库仑应力变化影响而触发.

Constructing Writer Identity in Developing Second Language Writer's Academic Writing

Writer identity in academic writing has long been ignored by developing L2 writers.Moreover,research has much focused on the reader in shaping writing,and treated the role of the writer as unproblematic.In this essay,the construction of writer identity in developing writers’academic writing practice will be explored through a review of some relevant literature research and gain insights for the development of writer apprentices and writing instruction.

GSPT1 Functions as a Tumor Promoter in Human Liver Cancer

Objective This study analyzed the role of G1 to S phase transition 1 protein(GSPT1)in promoting progression of liver cancer cells.Methods A bioinformatics database was used to analyze the expression levels of GSPT1 in liver cancer tissues and the prognosis of patients.Subsequently,Western blotting and quantitative PCR were used to verify the expression levels of GSPT1 between normal hepatocytes and hepatoma cells.We used a CRISPR/Cas9 system to construct knockouts of GSPT1 in HepG2 and HCCLM9 liver cancer cells.The effect of GSPT1 on liver cancer cell migration and invasion was analyzed using flow cytometry,migration,and tumor formation assays.Results The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma dataset indicated that GSPT1 expression was upregulated in liver cancer cell lines,and patients with liver cancer had poor prognosis.Knockout of GSPT1 in cells significantly inhibited tumor proliferation,cell migration,and growth in vivo.Conclusion In this study,we found that GSPT1 promotes the migration and invasion of liver cancer cells.

Propagation of crust deformation anomalies related to the Menyuan M_(S) 6.9 earthquake

Decoding the variation laws of the deformation field before strong earthquakes has long been recognized as an essential issue in earthquake prediction research. In this paper, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of deformation anomalies in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau before and after the Menyuan M_(S)6.9 earthquake were studied by using the Fisher statistical test method. By analyzing the characteristics of these anomalies, we found that: 1) The deformation anomalies are mainly distributed in the marginal front area of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, where short-term deformation anomalies are prone to occur due to a high gradient of gravity;2) The deformation anomalies along the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are characterized by spatial propagation, and the migration rate is about 2.4 km/d. The propagation pattern is counterclockwise, consistent with the migration direction of M_(S)≥ 6.0 earthquakes;3) The time and location of the Menyuan earthquake are related to the group migration of earthquakes with M_(S)≥ 6.0. Finally,based on the results of gravity field variation and the theory of crust stress wave, the law of deformation anomaly distribution was discussed. We suggest that both the deformation propagation along the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the earthquake migration are possibly associated with the variation of the stress field caused by subsurface mass flow.

On Multimodal Criticism of The Kitchen God’s Wife

Studying the covers of the three editions of The Kitchen God’s Wife by Amy Tan,a famous female Chinese American writer,the author finds Chinese cultural elements stood out in publishers’earliest recommendations,but later were replaced by immigrant mother-daughter relationship,and then were overwhelmed by the concern for human beings.It is interesting that this change fits the changing focuses of Chinese American writers in the 21st century.