Development of Top-quality Tourism Corridor with Cultural Heritage of Emperor's Tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum as Theme Experience

Cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum lies in Xianyang which is located at north-central of Guanzhong Plain and which is the central area of Guanzhong-Tianshui economic development zone.With special geographical position and excellent location condition,it is the important tourism resource and archaeological remains in Shaanxi Province.By using relevant knowledge on tourism,in the perspective of development principle,necessity,feasibility,construction strategy and thought of top-quality tourism corridor with cultural heritage of emperor's tomb of Wulingyuan Mausoleum as theme experience,the author systematically explained the mode elements and value of experiential tourism products,and publicized the tourism resources to a certain extent.On the basis of publicity,the author strived to provide reference for the sustainable development of economy and ecology in this region.

Conservation for the landscape ecological diversity in Wulingyuan scenic area of China

Wulingyuan is located at the mountainous area of the middle reach of the Yangtze River, it is one of the three nature heritages in China which ranks in the “List of World's Heritage” by UNESCO. It is characterized by quartz sandstone peaks landform with several landform components(pattern, corridor) and rich in landscape ecological diversity and biodiversity. The main patterns(ecosystem) include mid-height mountain peaks, rift-valley and streams among peaks, peaks and gullies on slopes, square mountain-platforms and peaks among blind valleys and so on. The corridor system consists of natural corridors and artificial corridors among which the stream corridors account for a major part. The fracturing of habitat is unfavorable for the biodiversity conservation, but meanwhile the habitat diversity leads to an increase in biodiversity. Therefore, it is still rich in landscape ecological diversity in Wulingyuan. The biodiversity at the level of landscape component(ecosystem) and the function of the Wulingyuan complex ecosystem, and the measures for the biodiversity conservation in Wulingyuan ecotourism area are discussed in this paper.

Wulingyuan: The Mythical Land of Avatar Is Real

IN southwest China’s Hunan Province lies a scenic area that is unique in the world for its rare rock forests,rock formations,and untarnished natural scenery.This area is called Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area,and consists of Zhangjiajie National Forest Park,Suoxiyu Nature Reserve,Tianzi Mountain Nature Reserve,and the newly-added Yangjiajie Scenic Area,covering an overall area of 500 square km.

Resident Relocation of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Site Based on Community Participation Theory

Migrant relocation is an important measure for the scenic spot to effectively protect the ecological environment.The problem of migrant relocation of Wulingyuan World Heritage Site is the most serious and difficult problem in the development of Wulingyuan,and it is a very representative case of migrant relocation in tourist attractions of China.Based on the community participation theory,this paper made a detailed analysis of the panel data on the relocation of residents in Wulingyuan World Heritage Site.Combining the first-hand information obtained from the field interviews,starting from the reasons for the relocation,the resettlement plan,and the effects of the relocation,it also analyzed the problems existing in the relocation of residents in Wulingyuan World Heritage Site.Finally,it came up with recommendations in line with the interests of residents from the perspective of community participation.

Landscape Aesthetic Characteristics of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property and Realization Path of Aesthetic Education Value

Wulingyuan is a world natural heritage property mainly dominated by rare quartz sandstone peak forest landscape at home and abroad and supplemented by karst landscapes,with a large number of geological and historical sites,biological and ecological landscape and unique cultural landscapes.Preserving the secluded and beautiful scenery environment,biological environment and ecosystem of subtropical zone,Wulingyuan presents a splendid and magnificent landscape,with high aesthetic value,and becomes an important practice base of aesthetic education.The aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property can be realized by systematically studying and presenting the aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property,developing a series of aesthetic education courses to lead tourists into the world of Wulingyuan aesthetic education,carrying out a series of popular science activities of“Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property Entering Campus”,and incorporating into the aesthetic education curriculum system of schools,etc.This paper analyzes the landscape aesthetic characteristics of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property thoroughly,which indicates the direction for realizing the aesthetic education value of the property,and also provides a reference for realizing the aesthetic education value of similar world natural heritage property.

Study on Effective Measures of Environmental Protection for Sustainable Development of Tourism Industry in the World Natural Heritage Wulingyuan

In the course of exploiting its tourist resources and developing tourism industry in the early days in Wulingyuan, the government did not pay enough attention and no forceful measures were taken to control the environment. As a result, a series of problems are produced. By analyzing the relationship between the tourism development in Wulingyuan scenic area and its environmental evolution, the paper exposes the basic reason why these environmental problems are produced, and according to the requirement of developing tourism, the paper puts forward some effective measures to reasonably control the distribution of the tourists flow and to protect tourist resources as well as the environment, so as to achieve the sustainable development of the area.

Experience and lessons from tourism exploitation in Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage

From 1980s to 1990s, Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage in Hunan Province witnessed improper and overexploitation which has obviously imposed a negative impact upon its tourism resources. The weak ecological awareness of the related government decision-makers, the poor management, backward regulation constructions, the immature tourist market mechanism as well as the great pressure brought about by the tourist demands all account for this serious outcome. Therefore, in the future, it is essential to further deal with the relations properly between the opening and protection of the heritages, the relations between tourism industry and economic and social development so as to gradually realize in tourist activities a harmony between human beings and tourism resources and environment, a coordinated development among tourism industry, the other industries and social undertakings. Meanwhile, the future tourism development in this area should take a major form of sustainable civilized tourism to give full play to its scientific research, aesthetic and educational functions while developing commercial mass tourism moderately with restricted capacity control under the principle of maintaining the original features and intactness of this invaluable world natural heritage.

Wulingyuan Scenic Site

DU BBED as ＂Yellowstone Park in China＂ by foreigners, Wulingyuan is a natural wonderland boasting a large variety of quartz sandstone pillars, ravines, gorges, natural bridges and an ancient ecosystem. It is noted for its five unique landscapes： towering peaks.

基于道路缓冲区分析的崖壁植物多样性研究

武陵源区是张家界独特的崖壁地貌所在地,该地区生长的植物具有耐贫瘠、抗逆性强的特点,对维持生态系统稳定性至关重要。本研究旨在探讨道路对崖壁植物多样性的影响,首先利用无人机获取崖壁植物的近景影像,并通过ArcGIS 10.7软件提取遥感影像中的道路元素,然后根据研究区道路分布情况建立不同距离梯度的缓冲区,采用α多样性指数表示研究区的植物多样性,分析不同缓冲区的植物变化以及各指数之间的关系。结果显示:(1)研究区共有54科142属276种取样物种,其中绝对优势种为乌冈栎、巴山松与满山红,在全部样本中占比分别为13.37%、11.18%和9.52%;灌木类植物更显优势,占比达到56.65%。(2)各缓冲区植物群落的α多样性、均匀度和丰富度表现为灌木类>乔木类>藤本类>草本类,道路对乔木类植物的影响较大。(3)灌木类植物的Shannon多样性指数(H′)与乔木类植物的Pielou均匀度指数(J′),乔木类植物的Shannon多样性指数(H′)与灌木类植物的Pielou均匀度指数(J′)呈极显著负相关。藤本类植物的Margalef丰富度指数(D MG)与灌木类、乔木类植物的Margalef丰富度指数(D MG)呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),各类植物在群落中存在不同的竞争和共生关系。研究表明,道路缓冲区对崖壁植物的多样性具有显著影响,这为进一步保护和管理崖壁植物资源提供了重要参考。

五陵原黑陶的文化传承及创新性发展

作为一种具有深厚历史文化底蕴的陶瓷,五陵原黑陶不仅是我国优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,也是传统手工艺术中的一大杰作。五陵原黑陶在当今社会享有美誉,离不开五陵原黑陶制作艺人百年的传承与坚守。五陵原黑陶作为陕西省非物质文化遗产,不仅继承了深厚的大秦之风,而且在刘纪荣及其后辈的手中,从制作工艺与设计形式上都有了较大创新。

武陵源风景区生态承载力预警

随着人类面临的严重环境挑战,可持续发展模式作为全人类共同的选择变得越来越重要。生态承载力作为可持续发展的衡量指标,通过生态承载力水平与生态荷载状况表现出来。可持续承载力预警是以可持续发展为目标进行生态承载力调控。利用主成分分析法、层次分析法构建了武陵源风景区的生态承载力评价指标体系,作为模型的输入层预警指标,并利用状态空间法求算的生态承载指数进行警度区间的划分,通过样本训练、建立BP神经网络模型,进行生态承载预警。从风景区的资源承载、环境承载、生态弹性和生态承压等方面来考虑,析出17个资源类、环境类、社会经济类指标作为评价指标体系。对于武陵源风景区的承载状态,从时间上看,2000年曾出现超载状态,主要是风景区的核心区范围内出现城市化现象所致;从空间上看,协和乡出现超载状态,其主要原因在于资源的开发利用上。基于BP网络模型实现的生态承载力预警,用于预测预报未来的可持续发展的发展状态,可以及时反映可持续状态的调控效果,为区域系统的可持续发展提供科学依据。

张家界武陵源风景区自然景观价值评估

自然景观提供给人们观赏、娱乐和休闲的效用和价值,长期以来,人们对自然景观的价值忽略并低估,导致在开发利用自然资源过程中出现资源浪费和生态破坏的问题。如果赋予自然景观合适的经济价值,能为其开发利用提供决策支持。为评价张家界武陵源风景区的景观价值,构建了相应的指标体系。自然景观价值乃使用价值与非使用价值之和,并对这两种价值分别运用旅行费用法和条件价值法进行评估。结果表明:2011年武陵源风景区的自然景观价值为89.01亿元,其中使用价值为79.30亿元,非使用价值为9.71亿元。分析表明,武陵源风景区的自然景观价值要远高于以往的研究及近年的旅游收入,建议景区当局全面认识其景观价值,在旅游人次不断攀升的形势下,全力保护该地生态环境,探究武陵源风景区的可持续发展道路。

风景名胜区规划中的相关利益主体分析——以武陵源风景名胜区为例

相关利益主体分析是解决多方利益和目标平衡的一种决策方法。在社会转型时期的风景区规划中引入相关利益主体分析具有重要的现实意义和理论意义。文章以武陵源风景名胜区总体规划为例,列出了风景区规划所涉及的相关利益主体,运用相关关系矩阵分析了他们之间利益关系,最后确定了主要的利益主体之间的关系,并以此为依据进行了规划和行动决策。

森林型生态旅游地生命周期分析与预测

旅游地生命周期理论自提出以来受到国内外学者的广泛关注。国内生命周期的研究已涉及多种类型的旅游地,但对森林型生态旅游地的研究尚少见。本文通过引入But-ler的旅游地生命周期理论,对我国著名森林型生态旅游地——张家界市武陵源风景名胜区进行了实证研究,分析了该旅游区生命周期的特征,并选择相关模型对其旅游市场发展趋势进行了分析预测,为武陵源景区生态旅游开发提供理论指导。研究表明:现阶段武陵源景区生命周期表现为进入了发展巩固阶段,到2010年景区游客规模将达到2753～3658万人次。最后针对景区所处的阶段,提出了延长武陵源景区生命周期的发展策略。

武陵源风景区环境质量评估

武陵源风景区较突出的环境问题主要表现在大气环境质量降低、水质恶化、生物多样性受到威胁等问题。本文在实地调查和与专家访谈的基础上设计函调问卷 ,通过对函调问卷的综合分析 ,构建武陵源旅游区生态环境质量评价模型 ,对旅游区的旅游环境质量做出了评判。研究发现 ,尽管从总体上看 ,武陵源风景区自然生态环境、社会文化环境与旅游资源环境比较优越 ,但从评估的结果看 ,由于武陵源旅游区前期的开发力度过大 ,某些地方的无序开发已经导致了一系列的环境问题。有鉴于此 ,本文提出了武陵源风景区环境管理的具体建议。

湖南武陵源种子植物区系初步研究

武陵源共有种子植物171科、742属、1468种(含栽培种,下同)。其中裸子植物8科、24属、39种;被子植物163科、718属、1429种。在科属种不同的水平上对武陵源种子植物区系特征进行了较深入的统计分析,结果表明:武陵源种子植物区系属的成分中,北温带分布类型占明显优势,共有389属,热带分布类型次之,共289属,东亚和中国特有分布也是非常重要的区系成分之一,共139属。可见,武陵源植物区系不仅兼容了丰富的热带和温带成分,而且还显示出其在华中植物区系中的重要位置。另外武陵源植物区系还有许多珍稀、古老、孑遗、原始植物成分。

生态旅游视角下景区居民利益感知研究——以武陵源风景区为例

旅游地居民对旅游的利益感知是影响一个地方旅游业可持续发展的关键因素。通过对武陵源风景区居民进行问卷调查,运用SPSS统计软件进行数据统计,采用因子分析法对该区域居民的利益感知状况进行分析发现:不同人口学特征的居民对旅游的利益感知具有明显差异,主要表现在经济、文化和环境等方面。在此基础上提出相关建议,为景区居民的利益保护提供相关依据。

武陵源风景名胜区生态安全分析与优化设计

针对目前张家界市武陵源风景名胜区存在的安全隐患,以创5A级旅游区为目标,从人与自然和谐、景观生态安全和可持续发展的角度,提出了一系列优化设计方案和管理措施。

武陵源世界自然遗产旅游地景观格局变化

基于多时段遥感影像,探讨了近30年来武陵源世界自然遗产地景观格局的演变。得出了以下主要结论:(1)通过1977、1987、1998、2004、2007年5个时相的遥感影像分析,证实了研究区的景观发生了显著的改变。植被景观稳定增长,人工景观逐年递减,建筑景观存在波动;1977～1987年斑块破碎化程度加深,1987～2004年破碎化减轻,但2004年后破碎化又有所加深。(2)揭示了旅游开发过程与景观格局之间的关系。在旅游开发初期,景观趋向于破碎化;在旅游开发成长期,景观的破碎化程度反而减轻;而在旅游开发巩固期,景观的破碎化又有所增加。但随着旅游开发的不断推进,景观多样性在减少,优势度在增加。(3)揭示了影响景观空间格局的首要因素是农耕活动,其次是接待设施建设,最后是道路建设。

近40年来五陵原土地利用变化研究

利用1964年、1988年、2005年和2010年4期遥感影像数据,对五陵原地区土地利用情况进行监测,并借助GIS的空间分析功能,从土地利用的数量变化、利用程度变化和土地类型的转移角度,对近40a来五陵原土地利用变化进行定量分析。结果表明:在自然因素以及人类活动的影响下,五陵原土地利用结构发生了明显改变。研究时段内水体和荒地的面积正在逐渐减少,但其减少的速度较为缓慢;耕地由于受到城市经济发展的影响,面积大幅度减少;而果园、城乡建设用地、道路均有不同程度的增加,其中果园和城乡建设用地增加的速度最快;林地是近40a来该区最为稳定的土地利用类型,其面积基本不变。从土地利用类型的转移矩阵来看,五陵原地区各种土地类型之间存在着不同程度的转换,例如耕地主要的转出方向为果园和城乡建设用地,转入部分主要来自果园;耕地、果园和城乡建设用地之间的转换最为频繁;建设用地大量增加,主要通过侵占耕地实现。通过一系列的研究分析可以看出,研究区的土地利用正处于快速发展的时期,人类的生产生活方式对土地利用方式有着深刻的影响。