Building damage in Dujiangyan during Wenchuan Earthquake

A field damage survey of 1,005 buildings damaged by the Wenchuan Earthquake in Dujiangyan City was carried out and the resulting data was analyzed using the statistical method. It is shown that buildings that were seismically designed achieved the desired seismic fortification target; they sustained less damage than the non-seismically designed buildings. Among the seismically designed buildings investigated, RC frame buildings performed the best in terms of seismic resistance. Masonry buildings with a ground story of RC frame structure were the second best, and masonry buildings performed the worst. Considering building height, multistory buildings sustained more severe damage than high-rise buildings and 2- and 3-story buildings. Compared to residential buildings, public buildings, such as schools and hospitals, suffered more severe damage.

Assessment of Secondary Mountain Hazards along a Section of the Dujiangyan Wenchuan Highway

Conducting a hazard assessment for secondary mountain hazards is the technical basis for reconstructing destroyed highways and for disaster prevention.It is necessary to consider the role and influence of structural engineering measures as an important assessment factor.In this study,based on six substantial field investigations conducted between July 2008 and July 2012,a 2 km wide zone along both sides of the Dujiangyan Wenchuan(Du Wen) Highway was selected as the study area.Microgeomorphic units and small watersheds in the study area were extracted with GIS software and used as basic assessment units.Through field investigations,remote sensing surveys and experimental analysis,a structural engineering effectiveness assessment was conducted using the technique of principal component analysis.The results showed the following:1) A total of 491 collapses,12 landslides,32 slope debris flows and 17 gully debris flows were scatted across the study area.The total overall areal density of all mountain hazards was 25.7%.The distribution of secondary hazards was influenced mainly by seismic intensity,active fault zones,lithology,slope and altitude.More than 70% of secondary hazards occurred in zones with a seismic intensity of XI,a distance to the fault zone of between 0 and 25 km,a slope between 25° and 50°,and an altitude of between 1,000 m and 1,800 m.2) Different structural engineering measures play different roles and effects in controlling different types and scales of secondary mountain hazards.3) With a secondary mountain hazard area of 128.1 km2and an areal density of 34.9%,medium,high and very high hazard zones accounted for 74% of the study area and were located on the high,steep slopes along both sides of the highway.The low hazard zone was located mainly in the valley floor,on gentle slope platforms and at locations 1.5 km away from the highway the hazard area was 45 km2and the areal density was 3.3%.4) The methodology for hazard assessment of secondary mountain hazards,which is based on five factors,solves such key technical problems as the selection of assessment units,multi-source data fusion,and the weight calculation for each assessment index.This study provides a new and more effective method for assessing secondary mountain hazards along highways,and the proposed models fit well with validation data and field observations.The findings were applied to reconstruction and disaster mitigation in the case of the Du Wen Highway and proved to be feasible.

Fault geometrical model of Dujiangyan section in Longmenshan fault zone

The focal mechanism solution on the seismic fault plane can reflect the geometric and kinematic characteristics of faults, and it is an important way to further study the fine structure of fault plane. From the focal mechanism solution of the earthquakes around the Dujiangyan fault in Longmenshan fault zone, we derived the average dip angle of Dujiangyan fault is 45.1° based on the seismic moment tensor theory. In order to refine the fault geometry structure, this paper decomposed it into multiple sub-fault planes along the length and width of the fault plane and forms a number of models A13, B13, A23 a, A23 b, A23 c, B23 a,B23 b and B23 c, then calculated the sub-fault’s dip of each model. In order to clarify exactly which one of the fault models is closest to the real fault model, the fault slip was carried out for each model in turn, then compared the surface displacement of each model with GPS observations. The results show that B23 c model with high dip in shallow and small dip in deep is the best model, the lengths of each subfault of Dujiangyan fault from south to north are 33 km, 21 km and 46 km, respectively. When the depth of the fault bottom is about 11 km, the dip angles are 70.56°, 67.41° and 45.55°.When the depth of the fault bottom is about 30 km, The fault dip angles are 44.55°, 29.18° and 44.25°.

Disaster-prevention and Evacuation Functions of Urban Green Spaces in Dujiangyan City

In view of disaster-prevention and evacuation functions of urban green spaces, data collection, field investigation and questionnaire survey were integrated to analyze current situation and functions of green spaces in Dujiangyan City. Suggestions for enhancing disaster-prevention and evacuation functions of urban green spaces were proposed on the basis of analyzing and summarizing investigation results.

The Problems in Circulation Channel of Dujiangyan Kiwi Fruit and the Countermeasures

Based on the overview of researches on circulation channel of agricultural products,this article presents the status quo of circulation channel of Dujiangyan kiwi fruit,including the production and circulation pattern of Dujiangyan kiwi fruit. Then it analyzes the problems in the current circulation channel of Dujiangyan kiwi fruit as follows: first,the long circulation channel leads to inefficient circulation and high costs; second,the deep processing capacity is poor,and the added value of fruits is low; third,the application of cold chain logistics technology is insufficient; fourth, blocked information circulation makes the cooperative relations between the subjects in channel fragile. Finally corresponding countermeasures and recommendations are put forward as follows: shortening circulation channel and improving circulation efficiency; improving deep processing capacity,and increasing added value of fruits; strengthening the use of cold chain logistics technology and equipments; establishing rational interest distribution mechanism,and consolidating cooperation between the circulation subjects.

清代水利治理与地域社会的发展--以川西平原为例

清初都江堰渠系恢复以后,水利治理逐渐成为维系地方社会秩序的要务。官方政府在川西平原水利修筑事务中起到了主导性的作用,都江堰的治理模式奠定了川西平原“一体化”水利治理体系的基本格局,并形成了多方协作式岁修与官督民办式管理的水利治理特征。这种水利治理模式对川西平原地域社会的发展产生了深远影响,渠系的开发与河道的治理极大地推动了区域经济的发展;地方水利治理上,堰渠事务的分工与合作也不断协调着州县之间的关系;基层民堰管理上,堰长“中介人”的身份强化着官民之间的互动;于民而言,水利治理成为整合移民社会秩序的重要契机。

新时代李冰文化的精神内涵分析及其传承价值探讨

李冰于公元前256年主持修建都江堰,是中国古代科学治水的典型象征。李冰文化是中华优秀传统文化的一部分。目前关于李冰文化精神内涵的表述众说纷纭。研究认为李冰文化的精神内涵是以李冰为代表的都江堰历代治水先贤以及广大人民群众在都江堰的建设管理发展过程中、治水实践中所形成和体现的执政理念、科学思想、优秀品德及与之相关的民族情感,也是都江堰巨大作用、历史地位、独特价值的反映。本着客观、便于接受和推广的原则,提出李冰文化的精神内涵具体表述为“治水兴邦,师法自然,求实创新,人水和谐”。同时,结合国家政策以及新时代经济、文化发展需要,对李冰文化的传承发展提出建议。

都江堰“乘势利导、因时制宜”工程科技内涵解析与现实启示

2000多年来,都江堰以其科学的设计理念和治水实践,创造了人与自然和谐共生的生态文明典范,研究了“乘势利导、因时制宜”的核心理念。“乘势”,体现了建造都江堰对自然的尊重和敬畏;“利导”,体现在尊重自然规律的基础上对自然进行利用和改造。“乘势利导”是都江堰建造设计的核心理念,都江堰建设者师法自然,利用山势、地势与水势,实现了人、地、水三者高度协调统一。“因时制宜”是都江堰长效运行的制胜法宝,其工程一直处于与岷江河道演变相协调的动态平衡中,根据岷江流量变化趋势、内外江摆动情况、上游浅滩沙丘分布,相应地调整工程布局,增减辅助工程;同时,也要根据时局不同,调整管理体制和运行机制。在现代水利工程建设管理中,需古为今用,历史传承和时代创新相统一。以“乘势利导”为理念把顺应自然、改造自然和利用自然巧妙地融为一体,以顶层设计集合供水、防洪、灌溉、航运等多种服务功能;以“久久为功”保持工程的生命活力;以“因时制宜、全面创新”顺应时代发展与人民需求。

都江堰灌区水生态产品价值实现历史演进与对策建议

灌区是水生态产品的直接提供者之一,全面支撑水生态产品价值实现是灌区高质量发展的使命和任务。通过回顾和总结都江堰灌区水生态产品价值实现的历史演进特点,分析了目前存在的问题,建议从系统规划、水权水价改革、加强科技创新和数字孪生灌区建设等方面不断拓展水生态产品价值实现的广度和深度,充分融合千年古堰造福于民的价值追求,实现水生态产品价值的“帕累托最优”。

都江堰市河流水系连通性的时空演化特征及规划策略研究

随着近年来河道侵占、河岸硬化及现代化水利工程建设等人工活动干扰的加剧,河流水系的连通性受阻,导致城市出现水资源承载能力下降、水环境恶化等问题。以四川省都江堰市为研究靶区,选取1998、2008和2018年为时间切片,利用复杂网络模型和数学统计的综合分析方法,构建时间、纵向、垂直和横向的四维河流水系连通性评价指标体系。研究结果表明:近年来都江堰河流结构的纵向连通性降低,主干化趋势明显,重要节点脆弱性加剧;垂直、横向连通性与城镇化水平呈反比,且在人类活动密集区域的河流形态变化情况更加剧烈。并以此为依据构建了河流水系多维连通性的规划优化策略,针对市域范围,提出从“面-线-点”整体到局部的纵向连通性保护修复规划;针对中心城区范围,通过优化土地利用布局和岸线设计,改善河流垂直及横向连通性,以期提高河流水系生态价值。

基于玉米生育期灌溉需水量的都江堰灌区水资源调控研究

【目的】分析都江堰灌区玉米各生育期灌溉需水量,进行合理的都江堰灌区水资源调控。【方法】收集2000—2015年都江堰灌区8种气象因子,计算2000—2015年玉米生育期需水量、有效降水量、水分盈亏指数和灌溉需水量;利用月灌溉用水量模型,将灌溉用水量在玉米不同生育阶段进行分配,使各分灌区玉米产量最大,确定各分灌区各生育期玉米灌溉用水量。【结果】都江堰灌区玉米多年平均需水量为376 mm,多年平均有效降水量为368mm,多年平均水分盈亏指数为-0.24,灌区玉米全生育期总灌溉用水量为4.2亿m^(3),其中外江灌区为0.3亿m^(3),毗河灌区为0.44亿m^(3),通济堰灌区为0.19亿m^(3),黑龙滩灌区为0.44亿m^(3),人民渠一处灌区为0.96亿m^(3),人民渠二处灌区为1.12亿m^(3),东风渠灌区为0.75亿m^(3)。【结论】都江堰灌区玉米生育期需水量变化不明显。在拔节期、抽雄期、乳雄期,灌溉需水量较大,需要及时补水。部分灌区出现幼苗脱水,需要实行平原丘陵灌区错峰调度,平原直灌区向丘陵灌区输水,丘陵灌区囤蓄水量。

基于都江堰工程原理的急诊分流管理模式探讨

目的疏解急诊拥堵,做好急诊分流管理工作,为综合医院急诊高效运转提供参考。方法借鉴都江堰工程原理,结合DRG管理工具,制订急诊患者分流路径。结果通过制订急诊滞留患者分类处置策略,建立基层医疗卫生机构急诊联合病房和监管机制,初步实现了区域协同救治。结论基于都江堰工程原理建立的综合医院急诊分流管理模式,为有效解决综合医院急诊患者滞留问题和突发公共卫生事件应急处置提供了参考。

都江堰传统围堰设计研究

都江堰水利工程惠泽四川千年,工程所用传统围堰源自先秦,颇具中国传统造物特色,深刻影响着当地人民的生活。通过田野调查对比文献记载的考证方式对都江堰传统围堰的外观、造型、材料、制作方法等进行设计研究,探索地貌水文、环境生态、人文巧工等多方面因素对其功能结构、造物逻辑与应用场景的影响程度及方式。都江堰传统围堰的卓越设计表现反映了古人先进的自然观、造物观与科学观,体现了都江堰先民假天借势、因陋就简的造物理念和生活态度,创造了地域性的新文化符号与民俗语境。

都江堰灌区水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调分析

水资源、能源、粮食是人类社会发展的基本资源,三者之间相互关联,开展水-能源-粮食纽带系统的协调发展研究对保障水安全、粮食安全和能源安全具有重要意义。都江堰灌区是四川省主要的商品粮基地,对保障四川省粮食供给至关重要。为此,以都江堰灌区为研究区域,构建水-能源-粮食纽带系统的综合评价指标体系,引入熵权TOPSIS法确定各指标的权重并评价水-能源-粮食纽带系统的综合发展水平,测算出灌区2009—2021年水-能源-粮食纽带系统的耦合协调度,并分析其时间演变特征。随后构建灰色模型GM(1,1)预测水-能源-粮食纽带系统2022—2030年的耦合协调度的发展趋势。研究结果显示:2009—2021年,都江堰灌区水-能源-粮食纽带系统的综合发展水平处于中等水平,呈上升发展趋势;灌区水-能源-粮食纽带系统的耦合度均值为0.961,属高水平耦合,耦合协调度均值为0.663,多数年份处于中度协调阶段;2022—2030年,都江堰灌区水-能源-粮食纽带系统的耦合协调度将上升至0.893,进入高度协调阶段。本研究结果可为都江堰灌区农业可持续发展提供理论指导,并为类似区域的相关分析提供方法参考。

都江堰市空间战略演变对林盘保护利用的影响研究

不同时期城市空间战略的变化凸显了规划发展理念和城市建设模式的转变,其中有关城乡关系处理的侧重点是影响乡村区域建设发展的重要因素。文章通过梳理不同年份时代背景和制度形式的变化,分析都江堰城市总体规划中空间战略的演变以及各阶段有关乡村规划的内涵和侧重点,并将都江堰主要乡村聚落形式林盘的保护与利用作为响应因素进行分析,提出不同时期的规划理念下都江堰空间战略对市域林盘保护利用的影响,为新时代都江堰市林盘的保护利用和乡村规划建设提供实践参考。

Wisdom, predicaments, and challengesof a millennium ancient weir—Dujiangyan Project

The Dujiangyan Project,located at the junction of the upstream of the Minjiang River and Chengdu Plain,Sichuan Province,China,is an irrigation system project as important as the Great Wall in the history of China.Without dam structures,this project has been continuously playing its crucial role in diverting water for irrigation,separating sediments,and controlling flood for 2275 years.In this study,the predicaments of the Dujiangyan Project under the background of rapid urbanization and social economic development were summarized by conducting the field research and using the Indicators of Hydrological alteration(IHA)method:excessive diversion of water,disruption of hydrological pulses,erosion and deposition imbalance and conflicts between power generation and water supply.These contradictions have led to the weakening of the function of automatic water diversion and sand removal in the Dujiangyan Project.Considering the influence of climate change and strong human activities,we pointed out the challenges faced by the millennium ancient weir in balancing human and environmental water usage and project operation and management based on the simulation results of the hydrological model.The corresponding suggestions about strengthening agricultural water saving,generating artificial flood peak were provided to protect and continue to maintain the function of the Dujiangyan Project.

基于CAS理论的都江堰景区疫后发展研究

为顺利实现都江堰水利风景区疫后恢复发展,结合复杂适应系统(CAS)理论,探究水利风景区政府、企业、管理者、消费者四大主体的适应机制,并运用刺激-反应模型,梳理都江堰水利风景区疫后发展出现的参与主体单一、业务开展受限、文娱服务功能减弱和经济增长动力不足等问题,提出主体主动适配客观环境、维护系统内部稳定性、统筹内外发展要素、创新平台展示等对策,为都江堰水利风景区的疫后发展提供参考。

都江堰“乘势利导”与长江河势“九辩”

基于“治河·治江·治水”理念和都江堰-三峡工程、岷江-长江以及成都平原-长江中下游之间的相似与关联,重新剖析了都江堰治水经,综合提出了“大河势”思维,初步辩识了长江河势。都江堰治水经“乘势利导、因时制宜”既包涵河流水势、沙势与地势等“狭义”河势思想,也可以拓展到民势、国势与时势等“广义”河势思想;基于宏观河流学的“大河势”思维综合包括都江堰“狭义”与“广义”河势、“大河演”、“动态”河势、河势规划以及“静态”河势线等思想方法,并以“河流形态学-河床演变学-河流动力学”为研究基石。长江河势“九辩”涉及江源称谓地位、干流支流水系、干流河道分段、河段划分及河型分类、水沙变化及输沙特性、河床演变及河道形态、河湖关系及侵蚀基面、自然河流与人类活动以及治理保护与开发利用等9个方面辩识。传承与弘扬都江堰治水经和辩识长江河势应推陈出新、与时俱进,积极践行长江流域高质量治理保护与可持续开发利用,加强长江水文化建设。