Decomposition processes of the quenched Zn-Al alloys were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the stabilities o...Decomposition processes of the quenched Zn-Al alloys were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the stabilities of supersaturated solid solution (SSS) of Zn-Al alloy and α' phase formed by quenching would reduce with the increase of Zn content and the precipitation of η-Zn phases even when aging at ambient temperature, so that the exothermic precipitation peak in DSC curve would disappear. The activation energy of the η-Zn precipitation and the reaction enthalpy were calculated and measured. The kinetics of α' decomposition or η-Zn formation was determined by XRD. The microstructure change during aging was observed by TEM.展开更多
X-ray powder diffraction data and crystal structure of NiSbY compound were studied by X-ray powderdiffraction. The compound belongs to the space group F43 m with MgAgAs structure type, and the parameters Z=4, a=0.6307...X-ray powder diffraction data and crystal structure of NiSbY compound were studied by X-ray powderdiffraction. The compound belongs to the space group F43 m with MgAgAs structure type, and the parameters Z=4, a=0.63075(2) nm.展开更多
The compound PrNiSn was studied by X ray powder diffraction technique. The crystal structure and the X ray diffraction data for this compound at room temperature were reported. The compound PrNiSn is orthorhombic wi...The compound PrNiSn was studied by X ray powder diffraction technique. The crystal structure and the X ray diffraction data for this compound at room temperature were reported. The compound PrNiSn is orthorhombic with lattice parameters a =0.74569(3) nm, b =0.76851(5) nm, c =0.45676(8) nm, V =0.26176 nm 3, Z =4 and D x=8.076 g·cm -3 , space group Pna2 1(33). The figure of merit F N for the compound is F 30 =54 (0.0093, 60).展开更多
The compound CeNi 5Sn was studied by means of X ray powder diffraction technique and refined by Rietveld method. It has a hexagonal structure with space group P 6 3/ mmc (No.194), Z =4, the lattice constant...The compound CeNi 5Sn was studied by means of X ray powder diffraction technique and refined by Rietveld method. It has a hexagonal structure with space group P 6 3/ mmc (No.194), Z =4, the lattice constants a =0 48912(3) nm, c =1 973(2) nm and D x=8 974 g·cm -3 . The Rietveld structural refinement was performed, leading to R p=0 138 and R wp =0 185. The figure of merit F N for the XRD data is F 30 =82 1(0 0068, 54). The X ray powder diffraction data are presented.展开更多
To evaluate the residual stress in TiAl based alloys by X ray diffraction, X ray elastic constants (REC) of a γ TiAl alloy were determined. From these results, the stress state of a given phase in a duplex TiAl based...To evaluate the residual stress in TiAl based alloys by X ray diffraction, X ray elastic constants (REC) of a γ TiAl alloy were determined. From these results, the stress state of a given phase in a duplex TiAl based alloy under a uniaxial tensile loading has been characterized by X ray diffraction. The results show that the X ray elastic constants and the microscopic stresses of the given phase are different from the apparent elastic constants and the macroscopic stresses of the alloy. The reason of the different distribution of the alloy was also discussed. [展开更多
Au@Pt core-shell nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a successive reduction method and then assembled on Vulcan XC-72 carbon surface. Furthermore, its composition, morphology, structure, and activity toward...Au@Pt core-shell nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a successive reduction method and then assembled on Vulcan XC-72 carbon surface. Furthermore, its composition, morphology, structure, and activity towards methanol oxidation were characterized by UV-vis spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Results reveal that Au@Pt/C catalyst has better activity towards methanol oxidation than the pure platinum prepared under the same conditions. When the atomic ratio of Au to Pt in the prepared Au@Pt/C catalyst is 1:2, this catalyst exhibits best electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation in acidic media, and the peak current density on this catalyst is ~2.0 times higher than that on Pt/C catalyst. The better catalytic activity of Au@Pt/C results from its better resistance to toxic CO than Pt/C because the CO oxidation on Au@Pt/C is 60 mV more negative than the case on Pt/C. ? The Nonferrous Metals Society of China and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.展开更多
The residual stress in a 20%SiC w/6061Al composite as extruded was investigated by using X ray stress measurement method. It was found that, high residual stress existed in the composite and residual stress distributi...The residual stress in a 20%SiC w/6061Al composite as extruded was investigated by using X ray stress measurement method. It was found that, high residual stress existed in the composite and residual stress distribution in each direction are not uniform. Relaxation process of residual stress in the composite was dynamically measured during annealing at high temperature. It is verified that the relaxation of residual stress obeys the power law at high temperature. With the creep mechanism, the relaxation behavior of residual stresses at high temperature was analyzed. The results show that, the stress exponent and activation energy for stress relaxation of the composite are obviously higher than those of the matrix alloy.展开更多
Industrial grade multi-walled carbon nanotubes(IG-MWCNTs) are a low-cost substitute for commercially purified multi-walled carbon nanotubes(P-MWCNTs). In this work, IG-MWCNTs were functionalized with tetraethylenepent...Industrial grade multi-walled carbon nanotubes(IG-MWCNTs) are a low-cost substitute for commercially purified multi-walled carbon nanotubes(P-MWCNTs). In this work, IG-MWCNTs were functionalized with tetraethylenepentamine(TEPA) for CO2capture. The TEPA impregnated IG-MWCNTs were characterized with various experimental methods including N2adsorption/desorption isotherms, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Both the adsorption isotherms of IGMWCNTs-n and the isosteric heats of different adsorption capacities were obtained from experiments. TEPA impregnated IG-MWCNTs were also shown to have high CO2adsorption capacity comparable to that of TEPA impregnated P-MWCNTs. The adsorption capacity of IG-MWCNTs based adsorbents was in the range of 2.145 to 3.088 mmol/g, depending on adsorption temperatures. Having the advantages of low-cost and high adsorption capacity, TEPA impregnated IG-MWCNTs seem to be a promising adsorbent for CO2capture from flue gas.展开更多
The new V-MCM-41 molecular sieves with good ordered hexagonal mesoporous structure and crystallinity were synthesized through in-situ hydrothermal preparation method. The effects of the crystallization time were discu...The new V-MCM-41 molecular sieves with good ordered hexagonal mesoporous structure and crystallinity were synthesized through in-situ hydrothermal preparation method. The effects of the crystallization time were discussed. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2adsorption/desorption, Fourier transformed infrared and scanning electron microscopy. The different structures, textures, morphologies of V-MCM-41 obtained with different crystallization times were observed and analyzed on the basis of the characterized results. The results showed that the V-MCM-41 molecular sieve obtained at 110?°C for 48?h crystallization times was of good spherical morphology, ordered hexagonal structure, most uniform pore size distribution and high surface area compared with other samples. Meanwhile, the V-MCM-41 molecular sieve with the high skeleton Si condensation and the good crystallinity was obtained. The heteroatom could be incorporated into MCM-41 framework with increasing crystallization times, which was beneficial to improve the catalytic activity and selectivity of pure siliceous MCM-41. The V-MCM-41 showed the good catalytic selectivity in catalytic oxidation of styrene using hydrogen peroxide, and the selectivity of the benzaldehyde and phenylacetic acid reached 30.68% and 49.44%, respectively. ? 2016展开更多
The structure of bcc-Fe80Cu20 solid solution produced by mechanical alloying of the elemental bcc-Fe and fcc-Cu powders has been studied using X-ray diffraction and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)...The structure of bcc-Fe80Cu20 solid solution produced by mechanical alloying of the elemental bcc-Fe and fcc-Cu powders has been studied using X-ray diffraction and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) techniques. The disappearance of elemental Fe and Cu X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks and the presence of bcc structural XRD peaks illustrate the formation of a nanocrystalline single-phase bcc-Fe80Cu20 solid solution. From the EXAFS result, the clear observation of Cu atoms taking on bcc coordination in the solid solution and Fe atoms remaining bcc structure further verifies the reality of atomic alloying between Fe and Cu atoms and the lattice change of Cu from fcc to bcc. However, the supersaturated bcc solid solution is not chemically uniform, i.e., some regions are rich in Fe atoms and other regions rich in Cu atoms.展开更多
In this paper In2O3nanoshells have been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal approach. The nanoshells can be completely cracked into pony-size nanocubes by annealing, which are then used as a support of Pt catalyst f...In this paper In2O3nanoshells have been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal approach. The nanoshells can be completely cracked into pony-size nanocubes by annealing, which are then used as a support of Pt catalyst for methanol and ethanol electrocatalytic oxidation. The prepared In2O3and supported Pt catalysts (Pt/In2O3) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out, indicating the excellent catalytic performance for alcohol electrooxidation can be achieved on Pt/In2O3nanocatalysts due to the multiple active sites, high conductivity and a mass of microchannels and micropores for reactant diffusions arising from 3D frame structures compared with that on the Pt/C catalysts. ? 2016 Science Press展开更多
Isothermal oxygen in diffusion in c textured epitaxial YBa 2Cu 3O 7- δ thin films was studied by in situ X ray diffraction. Thermal expansion coefficients of c axis length with different oxygen contents are α c (6.9...Isothermal oxygen in diffusion in c textured epitaxial YBa 2Cu 3O 7- δ thin films was studied by in situ X ray diffraction. Thermal expansion coefficients of c axis length with different oxygen contents are α c (6.91, O 2)=19.1×10 -6 K -1 and α c (6.0, N 2)=19.3×10 -6 K -1 respectively. Chemical diffusion process of oxygen was described by relaxation time. From the Arrhenius plot of relaxation time, an activation energy of lattice diffusion was obtained as 1.1?eV, which is close to the results of SIMS (0.95?eV) and internal friction (1.02?eV).展开更多
A series of GaAs/InAs/GaAs samples were studied by double crystal X ray diffraction and the X ray dynamic theory was used to analyze the X ray diffraction results. As the thickness of InAs layer exceeds 1.7 monolayer,...A series of GaAs/InAs/GaAs samples were studied by double crystal X ray diffraction and the X ray dynamic theory was used to analyze the X ray diffraction results. As the thickness of InAs layer exceeds 1.7 monolayer, 3 dimensional InAs islands appear. Pendellosung fringes shifted. A multilayer structure model is proposed to describe the strain status in the InAs islands of the sample and a good agreement is obtained between the experimental and theoretical curves.展开更多
The crystal structure of new compound Ba 3BPO 7 has been solved by X ray powder diffraction technique. As a new structure type, the positions of barium, boron and phosphate atoms have been determined by single crystal...The crystal structure of new compound Ba 3BPO 7 has been solved by X ray powder diffraction technique. As a new structure type, the positions of barium, boron and phosphate atoms have been determined by single crystal direct method after profile decomposition from Ba 3BPO 7 X ray powder diffraction patterns. The positions of oxygen atoms have been determined by the interpretation of their vibration spectra which indicate that in this crystal the boron and phosphorus atoms form BO 3 and PO 4 polyhedra. The structure has been refined by Rietveld technique based on the above model.展开更多
A new cembranoide deterpene was isolated from the soft coral Sinularia Tenella . The crystal and chemical structure of the title compound were determined by means of spectroscopic methods and X ray diffraction ana...A new cembranoide deterpene was isolated from the soft coral Sinularia Tenella . The crystal and chemical structure of the title compound were determined by means of spectroscopic methods and X ray diffraction analysis as ( 1R *,4R *,5S *,12S *,12R * ) 9 acetoxy cembr 8\%E\%,15(17) dien 16,4 olide. It shows a moderate cytotoxicity against P 388 and L 1210 cell lines.展开更多
In this paper, a depth-graded C/W multilayer mirror with broad grazing incident angular range, consisting of three multilayer stacks, each of which has different period thickness d and the layer pair number, was desig...In this paper, a depth-graded C/W multilayer mirror with broad grazing incident angular range, consisting of three multilayer stacks, each of which has different period thickness d and the layer pair number, was designed and fabricated by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. For calculating the definite performance of such a mirror, the saturation effects of the interfacial imperfection, such as interface roughness and diffusion, were emerged. The reflectivity of the mirror was measured by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument at Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154 nm), the measured reflectivity was about 30% in a broad grazing incident angular range (0.55°-0.85°). By the fitting data, the thickness of each layer is almost same as the one designed and the roughness in the multilayer is about 0.85 nm, which is larger than the prospective value of 0.5 nm.展开更多
文摘Decomposition processes of the quenched Zn-Al alloys were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the stabilities of supersaturated solid solution (SSS) of Zn-Al alloy and α' phase formed by quenching would reduce with the increase of Zn content and the precipitation of η-Zn phases even when aging at ambient temperature, so that the exothermic precipitation peak in DSC curve would disappear. The activation energy of the η-Zn precipitation and the reaction enthalpy were calculated and measured. The kinetics of α' decomposition or η-Zn formation was determined by XRD. The microstructure change during aging was observed by TEM.
文摘X-ray powder diffraction data and crystal structure of NiSbY compound were studied by X-ray powderdiffraction. The compound belongs to the space group F43 m with MgAgAs structure type, and the parameters Z=4, a=0.63075(2) nm.
文摘The compound PrNiSn was studied by X ray powder diffraction technique. The crystal structure and the X ray diffraction data for this compound at room temperature were reported. The compound PrNiSn is orthorhombic with lattice parameters a =0.74569(3) nm, b =0.76851(5) nm, c =0.45676(8) nm, V =0.26176 nm 3, Z =4 and D x=8.076 g·cm -3 , space group Pna2 1(33). The figure of merit F N for the compound is F 30 =54 (0.0093, 60).
文摘The compound CeNi 5Sn was studied by means of X ray powder diffraction technique and refined by Rietveld method. It has a hexagonal structure with space group P 6 3/ mmc (No.194), Z =4, the lattice constants a =0 48912(3) nm, c =1 973(2) nm and D x=8 974 g·cm -3 . The Rietveld structural refinement was performed, leading to R p=0 138 and R wp =0 185. The figure of merit F N for the XRD data is F 30 =82 1(0 0068, 54). The X ray powder diffraction data are presented.
文摘To evaluate the residual stress in TiAl based alloys by X ray diffraction, X ray elastic constants (REC) of a γ TiAl alloy were determined. From these results, the stress state of a given phase in a duplex TiAl based alloy under a uniaxial tensile loading has been characterized by X ray diffraction. The results show that the X ray elastic constants and the microscopic stresses of the given phase are different from the apparent elastic constants and the macroscopic stresses of the alloy. The reason of the different distribution of the alloy was also discussed. [
基金supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51074012)
文摘Au@Pt core-shell nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a successive reduction method and then assembled on Vulcan XC-72 carbon surface. Furthermore, its composition, morphology, structure, and activity towards methanol oxidation were characterized by UV-vis spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Results reveal that Au@Pt/C catalyst has better activity towards methanol oxidation than the pure platinum prepared under the same conditions. When the atomic ratio of Au to Pt in the prepared Au@Pt/C catalyst is 1:2, this catalyst exhibits best electrocatalytic activity towards methanol oxidation in acidic media, and the peak current density on this catalyst is ~2.0 times higher than that on Pt/C catalyst. The better catalytic activity of Au@Pt/C results from its better resistance to toxic CO than Pt/C because the CO oxidation on Au@Pt/C is 60 mV more negative than the case on Pt/C. ? The Nonferrous Metals Society of China and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.
文摘The residual stress in a 20%SiC w/6061Al composite as extruded was investigated by using X ray stress measurement method. It was found that, high residual stress existed in the composite and residual stress distribution in each direction are not uniform. Relaxation process of residual stress in the composite was dynamically measured during annealing at high temperature. It is verified that the relaxation of residual stress obeys the power law at high temperature. With the creep mechanism, the relaxation behavior of residual stresses at high temperature was analyzed. The results show that, the stress exponent and activation energy for stress relaxation of the composite are obviously higher than those of the matrix alloy.
基金supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LZ12E08002)
文摘Industrial grade multi-walled carbon nanotubes(IG-MWCNTs) are a low-cost substitute for commercially purified multi-walled carbon nanotubes(P-MWCNTs). In this work, IG-MWCNTs were functionalized with tetraethylenepentamine(TEPA) for CO2capture. The TEPA impregnated IG-MWCNTs were characterized with various experimental methods including N2adsorption/desorption isotherms, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Both the adsorption isotherms of IGMWCNTs-n and the isosteric heats of different adsorption capacities were obtained from experiments. TEPA impregnated IG-MWCNTs were also shown to have high CO2adsorption capacity comparable to that of TEPA impregnated P-MWCNTs. The adsorption capacity of IG-MWCNTs based adsorbents was in the range of 2.145 to 3.088 mmol/g, depending on adsorption temperatures. Having the advantages of low-cost and high adsorption capacity, TEPA impregnated IG-MWCNTs seem to be a promising adsorbent for CO2capture from flue gas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.21206202)Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(no.KJ1600902)+2 种基金the Demonstration project of Chongqing"121"Scientific&Technological Support Project(CSTC2014zktjccx BX0089)Project of Key generic industry technologies of Chongqing(No.cstc2016zdcy-ztzx0020-02)Program for Innovative Research Team in Chongqing University of Technology(2015TD22)
文摘The new V-MCM-41 molecular sieves with good ordered hexagonal mesoporous structure and crystallinity were synthesized through in-situ hydrothermal preparation method. The effects of the crystallization time were discussed. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, N2adsorption/desorption, Fourier transformed infrared and scanning electron microscopy. The different structures, textures, morphologies of V-MCM-41 obtained with different crystallization times were observed and analyzed on the basis of the characterized results. The results showed that the V-MCM-41 molecular sieve obtained at 110?°C for 48?h crystallization times was of good spherical morphology, ordered hexagonal structure, most uniform pore size distribution and high surface area compared with other samples. Meanwhile, the V-MCM-41 molecular sieve with the high skeleton Si condensation and the good crystallinity was obtained. The heteroatom could be incorporated into MCM-41 framework with increasing crystallization times, which was beneficial to improve the catalytic activity and selectivity of pure siliceous MCM-41. The V-MCM-41 showed the good catalytic selectivity in catalytic oxidation of styrene using hydrogen peroxide, and the selectivity of the benzaldehyde and phenylacetic acid reached 30.68% and 49.44%, respectively. ? 2016
基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 20010056).
文摘The structure of bcc-Fe80Cu20 solid solution produced by mechanical alloying of the elemental bcc-Fe and fcc-Cu powders has been studied using X-ray diffraction and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) techniques. The disappearance of elemental Fe and Cu X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks and the presence of bcc structural XRD peaks illustrate the formation of a nanocrystalline single-phase bcc-Fe80Cu20 solid solution. From the EXAFS result, the clear observation of Cu atoms taking on bcc coordination in the solid solution and Fe atoms remaining bcc structure further verifies the reality of atomic alloying between Fe and Cu atoms and the lattice change of Cu from fcc to bcc. However, the supersaturated bcc solid solution is not chemically uniform, i.e., some regions are rich in Fe atoms and other regions rich in Cu atoms.
基金sponsored by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)under grant no.2015CB351905the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.61504019)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(no.2015M580783)Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(Y02002010301082)the Technology Innovative Research Team of Sichuan Province of China(no.2015TD0005)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(no.ZYGX2015J140)
文摘In this paper In2O3nanoshells have been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal approach. The nanoshells can be completely cracked into pony-size nanocubes by annealing, which are then used as a support of Pt catalyst for methanol and ethanol electrocatalytic oxidation. The prepared In2O3and supported Pt catalysts (Pt/In2O3) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field effect scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out, indicating the excellent catalytic performance for alcohol electrooxidation can be achieved on Pt/In2O3nanocatalysts due to the multiple active sites, high conductivity and a mass of microchannels and micropores for reactant diffusions arising from 3D frame structures compared with that on the Pt/C catalysts. ? 2016 Science Press
文摘Isothermal oxygen in diffusion in c textured epitaxial YBa 2Cu 3O 7- δ thin films was studied by in situ X ray diffraction. Thermal expansion coefficients of c axis length with different oxygen contents are α c (6.91, O 2)=19.1×10 -6 K -1 and α c (6.0, N 2)=19.3×10 -6 K -1 respectively. Chemical diffusion process of oxygen was described by relaxation time. From the Arrhenius plot of relaxation time, an activation energy of lattice diffusion was obtained as 1.1?eV, which is close to the results of SIMS (0.95?eV) and internal friction (1.02?eV).
文摘A series of GaAs/InAs/GaAs samples were studied by double crystal X ray diffraction and the X ray dynamic theory was used to analyze the X ray diffraction results. As the thickness of InAs layer exceeds 1.7 monolayer, 3 dimensional InAs islands appear. Pendellosung fringes shifted. A multilayer structure model is proposed to describe the strain status in the InAs islands of the sample and a good agreement is obtained between the experimental and theoretical curves.
文摘The crystal structure of new compound Ba 3BPO 7 has been solved by X ray powder diffraction technique. As a new structure type, the positions of barium, boron and phosphate atoms have been determined by single crystal direct method after profile decomposition from Ba 3BPO 7 X ray powder diffraction patterns. The positions of oxygen atoms have been determined by the interpretation of their vibration spectra which indicate that in this crystal the boron and phosphorus atoms form BO 3 and PO 4 polyhedra. The structure has been refined by Rietveld technique based on the above model.
文摘A new cembranoide deterpene was isolated from the soft coral Sinularia Tenella . The crystal and chemical structure of the title compound were determined by means of spectroscopic methods and X ray diffraction analysis as ( 1R *,4R *,5S *,12S *,12R * ) 9 acetoxy cembr 8\%E\%,15(17) dien 16,4 olide. It shows a moderate cytotoxicity against P 388 and L 1210 cell lines.
基金This work was supported by the National Nat- ural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60178021.
文摘In this paper, a depth-graded C/W multilayer mirror with broad grazing incident angular range, consisting of three multilayer stacks, each of which has different period thickness d and the layer pair number, was designed and fabricated by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering. For calculating the definite performance of such a mirror, the saturation effects of the interfacial imperfection, such as interface roughness and diffusion, were emerged. The reflectivity of the mirror was measured by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument at Cu Kα radiation (λ = 0.154 nm), the measured reflectivity was about 30% in a broad grazing incident angular range (0.55°-0.85°). By the fitting data, the thickness of each layer is almost same as the one designed and the roughness in the multilayer is about 0.85 nm, which is larger than the prospective value of 0.5 nm.