Hierarchical Detailed Description for Spatial Direction Relations

Direction relation is an important spatial relation. Descriptions and representations for direction relations have different levels of detail because of the varying dimensions of spatial objects and different scales of the embedding spaces. Based on a direction- relation matrix, the hierarchical frame of spatial direction relations which partitions direction relations orderly and thoroughly is built. Interior direction relations are used to perfect the representation of direction relations and the binary-encoding idea is creatively applied to construct an interior detailed matrix describing multiple interior direction relations by a uniform matrix. The model integrates topological information into the description model for direction relations, which will lay the foundations of spatial compositive reasoning.

Definitions of Natural-Language Spatial Relations: Combining Topology and Directions

Because SQL for querying data from spatial databa se s is ineffective, the query based on natural or visual language becomes an attra ctive research field gradually. However, how to define and represent natural lan guages related to spatial data are still gigantic problems. Because existing mod els of direction relations can’t describe by use of some common concepts. First of all, detailed direction relations are proposed to describe the directions re lated to the interior of spatial objects, such as "east part of a region","ea st boundary of a region", and so on. Secondly, by integrating the detailed dire ctions with exterior direction relations and topological relations, several NLSR s are defined, such as "a road goes across the east part of a lake", "a river goes along the east boundary of a province", etc. Finally, based on the NLSRs abovementioned, a natural spatial query language (NSQL) is formed to retrieve da ta from spatial databases.

An Improved Direction Relation Detection Model for Spatial Objects

Direction is a common spatial concept that is used in our daily life. It is frequently used as a selection condition in spatial queries. As a result, it is important for spatial databases to provide a mechanism for modeling and processing direction queries and reasoning. Depending on the direction relation matrix, an inverted direction relation matrix and the concept of direction pre- dominance are proposed to improve the detection of direction relation between objects. Direction predicates of spatial systems are also extended. These techniques can improve the veracity of direction queries and reasoning. Experiments show excellent efficiency and performance in view of direction queries.

Defining the We-map Reference Frames and Providing Mathematical Expressions for Transformation Relations

We-map is an interactive mobile map that can be easily communicated and applied on personal electronic devices,such as personal computers and mobile phones.Therefore,the study of direction systems and coordinate systems is critical,and exploring reference frames is essential in direction and coordinate systems.Despite its significance,existing research on We-map lacks specific solutions for the exploration of reference frames is indispensable for the establishment of accurate direction and coordinate systems.In this paper,we endeavor to address this gap by elucidating the significance of We-map reference frames,defining them with mathematical constraints,summarizing their nature and characteristics,deriving their transformation relationships and representing them through mathematical formulars and equations.Our work contributes to the fundamental theory of We-map and provides valuable systems and support for the mathematical foundation of We-map,map production,and platform development.Ultimately,this research serves to advance the development of We-map.

An Approach for Automatically Generating R2RML-Based Direct Mapping from Relational Databases

For integrating relational databases (RDBs) into semantic web applications, the W3C RDB2RDF Working Group recommended two approaches, Direct Mapping (DM) and R2RML. The DM provides a set of mapping rules according to RDB schema, while the R2RML allows users to manually define mappings according to existing target ontology. The major problem to use R2RML is the effort for creating R2RML mapping documents manually. This may lead to appearance of many mistakes in the R2RML documents and requires domain experts. In this paper, we propose and implement an approach to generate an R2RML mapping documents automatically from RDB schema. The R2RML mapping reflects the behavior of the DM specification and allows any R2RML parser to generate a set of RDF triples from relational data.The input of generating approach is DBsInfo class that automatically generated from relational schema. An experimental prototype is developed and shows the effectiveness of our approach algorithms.

How Do the Participant Relations Affect Adjacency Pairs?

This paper will briefly discuss the issue of how different participant relations affect adjacency pairs in conversation analysis.In terms of the affects or influence on adjacency pairs,this article only places its focus on the ways how the first pair part (FPP) and second pair part (SPP) in conversation are relevant to each other.As for the final result,the data back up such conclusions:in conversation between acquaintance /friends,family members,and as such,the relevance are built up either directly or indirectly.However,in conversation between strangers,this relevance seems to be constructed only directly.

ON NEVANLINNA DIRECTIONS OF ALGEBROID FUNCTIONS

In this paper, a notation delta(x)(w) is derived from the counting function N-x(r, w) of branch points of algebriod functions. With this notation, the authors give the definition of the Nevanlinna direction for algebriod functions and discuss its existence in certain condition. By this notation the authors also obtain the numbers of exceptional value of the Julia direction and Borel direction of algebriod functions are not more than 2 + [delta(x) (w)] here [x] implies an maximum integer number which does not exceed x.

Characteristics of horizontal ground motion measures along principal directions

Ground motion records are often used to develop ground motion prediction equations （GMPEs） for a randomly oriented horizontal component, and to assess the principal directions of ground motions based on the Arias intensity tensor or the orientation of the major response axis. The former is needed for seismic hazard assessment, whereas the latter can be important for assessing structural responses under multi-directional excitations. However, a comprehensive investigation of the pseudo-spectral acceleration （PSA） and of GMPEs conditioned on different axes is currently lacking. This study investigates the principal directions of strong ground motions and their relation to the orientation of the major response axis, statistics of the PSA along the principal directions on the horizontal plane, and correlation of the PSA along the principal directions on the horizontal plane. For these, three sets of strong ground motion records, including intraplate California earthquakes, inslab Mexican earthquakes, and interface Mexican earthquakes, are used. The results indicate that one of the principal directions could be considered as quasi-vertical. By focusing on seismic excitations on the horizontal plane, the statistics of the angles between the major response axis and the major principal axis are obtained; GMPEs along the principal axes are provided and compared with those obtained for a randomly oriented horizontal component; and statistical analysis of residuals associated with GMPEs along the principal directions is carried out.

Hepatitis C virus eradication with directly acting antivirals improves health-related quality of life and psychological symptoms

BACKGROUND Alterations in health-related quality of life(HRQoL)and neuropsychological disorders were described in the hepatitis C virus(HCV)patients.Although several studies investigated the modifications of HRQoL after HCV eradication,no data exists on the modifications of neuropsychological symptoms.AIM To investigate the effect of directly acting antivirals(DAAs)treatment on HRQoL and neuropsychological symptoms.METHODS Thirty nine patients with HCV infection underwent a neuropsychological assessment,including Zung-Self Depression-Rating-Scale,Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Y1-Y2 and the Toronto-Alexithymia Scale-20 items before and after DAAs treatment.HRQoL was detected by Short-Form-36(SF-36).RESULTS All HRQoL domains,but role limitation physical and bodily pain,significantly improved after treatment.Interestingly,after DAAs treatment,all domains of HRQoL returned similar to those of controls.Each neuropsychological test significantly improved after HCV eradication.A significant correlation was observed among each psychological test and the summary components of SF-36.At multiple linear regression analysis including each psychological test as possible covariates,Zung-Self Depression Rating Scale(Zung-SDS)score was independently and significantly related to summary components of the SF-36 in the basal state and the difference between Zung-SDS score before and after treatment was the only variable significantly and independently related to the modification of HRQoL induced by the treatment.CONCLUSION Neuropsychological symptoms strongly influenced HRQoL in HCV patients and there was a significant improvement of neuropsychological tests and HRQoL after DAAs treatment.

Rotation invariant constitutive relation for Reynolds stress structure parameter

A new Reynolds stress constitutive formula is constructed using the first- order statistics of turbulent fluctuations instead of the mean strain rate. It includes zero empirical coefficients. The formula is validated with the direct numerical simulation （DNS） data of turbulent channel flow at Reτ=180. The Reynolds stresses given by the proposed formula agree very well with the DNS results. The good agreement persists even after the multi-angle rotation of the coordinate system, indicating the rotation in- variance of the formula. The autocorrelation of the fluctuating velocity rather than the mean strain rate is close to the essence of the Reynolds stress.

A Testing Time for U.S.-China Relations

While the unipolar world is still orbiting in the sphere of influence of Anglo-American elite and some of their allies,the rest of the world is marching in a different direction.THE year 2022 proved to be a turbulent one for U.S.-China relations.

Probabilistic composition of cone-based cardinal direction relations

Composition tables play a significant role in qualitative spatial reasoning (QSR). At present,a couple of composition tables focusing on various spatial relations have been developed in a qualitative approach. However,the spatial reasoning proc-esses are usually not purely qualitative in everyday life,where probability is one important issue that should be considered. In this paper,the probabilistic compo-sitions of cone-based cardinal direction relations (CDR) are discussed and esti-mated by making some assumptions. Consequently,the form of composition result turns to be {(R1,P1),(R2,P2),…,(Rn,Pn)},where Pi is the probability associated with relation Ri. Employing the area integral method,the probabilities in each composi-tion case can be computed with the assumption that the target object is uniformly distributed in the corresponding cone regions.

Indeterminate direction relation model based on fuzzy description framework

The indetermination of direction relation is a hot topic for fuzzy GIS researchers. The existing models only study the effects of indetermination of spatial objects,but ignore the uncertainty of direction reference framework. In this paper,first a for-malized representation model of indeterminate spatial objects is designed based on quadruple (x,y,A,μ),then a fuzzy direction reference framework is constructed by revising the cone method,in which the partitions of direction tiles are smooth and continuous,and two neighboring sections are overlapped in the transitional zones with fuzzy method. Grounded on these,a fuzzy description model for indeterminate direction relation is proposed in which the uncertainty of all three parts (source object,reference object and reference frame) is taken into account simultaneously. In the end,case studies are implemented to test the rationality and validity of the model.

Determining relative block structure rating for rock erodibility evaluation in the case of non-orthogonal joint sets

The most commonly used method for assessing the hydraulic erodibility of rock is Annandale's method.This method is based on a correlation between the erosive force of flowing water and the capacity of rock resistance. This capacity is evaluated using Kirsten's index, which was initially developed to evaluate the excavatability of earth materials. For rocky material, this index is determined according to certain geomechanical factors related to intact rock and rock mass, such as compressive strength of intact rock, rock block size, discontinuity shear strength and relative block structure. To quantify the relative block structure, Kirsten(1982) developed a mathematical expression that accounts for the shape and orientation of the blocks relative to the direction of flow. Kirsten's initial concept for assessing the relative block structure considers that the geological formation is mainly fractured by two joint sets forming an orthogonally fractured system. An adjusted concept is proposed to determine the relative block structure when the fractured system is non-orthogonal where the angle between the planes of the two joint sets is greater or less than 90°. An analysis of the proposed relative block structure rating shows that considering a non-orthogonally fractured system has a significant effect on Kirsten's index and, as a consequence, on the assessment of the hydraulic erodibility of rock.

A Straightforward Direct Traction Boundary Integral Method for Two-Dimensional Crack Problems Simulation of Linear Elastic Materials

This paper presents a direct traction boundary integral equation method(DTBIEM)for two-dimensional crack problems of materials.The traction boundary integral equation was collocated on both the external boundary and either side of the crack surfaces.The displacements and tractions were used as unknowns on the external boundary,while the relative crack opening displacement(RCOD)was chosen as unknowns on either side of crack surfaces to keep the single-domain merit.Only one side of the crack surfaces was concerned and needed to be discretized,thus the proposed method resulted in a smaller system of algebraic equations compared with the dual boundary element method(DBEM).A new set of crack-tip shape functions was constructed to represent the strain field singularity exactly,and the SIFs were evaluated by the extrapolation of the RCOD.Numerical examples for both straight and curved cracks are given to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method.

Components and sequential changes in event-related potential induced by gaze orientation processing under a reflective attention cue paradigm

Gaze orientation induces activation of relevant brain regions, presents differences in specificity and time course, and is exhibited in patients with brain injury. However, the components of activated event-related potential remain controversial. Previous studies of behavior and cognitive neuroscience related to gaze orientation investigated conscious attention of visual orientation. The present study explored gaze orientation processing-induced event-related potential components and changes with time using reflective orientation of visual attention under a reflective attention cue paradigm. Visual attention processing of gaze orientation was recorded using event-related potential and electroencephalographic recording. Results demonstrated that the reflective attention cue task evoked early directing attention negativity and anterior directing attention negativity, but did not trigger late directing attention positivity. These results suggest that reflective attention occurs over a short time of visual stimulus presentation. During the early stage of attention processing, early directing attention negativity and anterior directing attention negativity were detected, but late directing attention positivity did not occur. These results confirmed reflectivity and time-course superiority of gaze orientation attention processing.

非连通空间对象方向关系表达与推理

为了弥补现有的二维空间对象方向关系表达模型大都利用点、最小外包矩形等近似地代替空间对象,距离真实空间对象间方向关系的描述与推理仍存在差距的不足,提出了一种基于Voronoi图的非连通空间对象方向关系表达模型。该模型借助Gestalt心理学理论,通过提取非连通空间对象的特征点、特征链,构建空间对象间的可视区域,生成方向关系Voronoi图,实现了非连通、含洞的参考对象与目标对象间方向关系的表达。该模型较好地顾及了空间对象形状、大小等因素带来的影响,表达精度更高、适用范围更广。为了提高复杂空间对象方向关系复合推理的精度,基于该模型提出了一个非连通对象间主方向关系复合推理算法。该算法借助Tile-union运算和Pr运算,实现了该模型下基本主方向关系的复合推理,降低推理结果的不确定性。分析和验证的结果表明,提出的非连通空间对象方向关系模型及复合推理算法,提高了表达与推理的精度,完善和提高了对复杂空间对象方位关系的分析与处理能力。

基于事件相关电位探讨太极拳联合经颅直流电刺激对轻度认知障碍患者P300的影响

目的:利用事件相关电位(event-related potential,ERP)P300探讨为期12周太极拳联合经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)对轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)患者认知功能的影响。方法:将79例MCI患者随机分为4组:太极拳+tDCS组20例,接受太极拳训练联合阳极tDCS刺激;太极拳+伪tDCS组20例,接受太极拳训练联合伪tDCS刺激;健步走+tDCS组19例,接受健步走训练联合tDCS刺激;健步走+伪tDCS组20例,接受健步走训练联合伪tDCS刺激。干预周期为每周3次,每次1h,持续12周。干预前后采用蒙特利尔认知功能评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment,Mo CA)评估整体认知功能,中文版韦氏成人记忆量表评估记忆功能,同时记录ERP-P300波幅和潜伏期的变化。结果:(1)12周干预后太极拳+tDCS组Mo CA评分显著高于健步走+伪tDCS组(P=0.009);太极拳+tDCS组记忆商评分显著高于太极拳+伪tDCS组(P=0.010)、健步走+tDCS组(P=0.004)及健步走+伪tDCS组(P=0.008)。(2)12周干预后太极拳+tDCS组Pz、Cz电极处波幅显著高于健步走+伪tDCS组(P分别为<0.001、0.001),太极拳+tDCS组Fz波幅显著高于健步走+tDCS组(P=0.011)及健步走+伪tDCS组(P=0.002)。(3)偏相关分析结果显示,Mo CA总分变化与Fz电极处波幅变化存在相关性(r=0.261,P=0.034)。结论:为期12周太极拳联合tDCS的干预可以改善MCI患者认知功能,增加ERP-P300在Pz波幅、Fz波幅、Cz电极处波幅,且整体认知功能的改变可能与Fz电极处波幅的变化有关。

P300与慢性意识障碍患者经颅直流电刺激响应的相关性研究

目的:利用两组加工深度递增式变化的事件相关电位(ERP)Oddball范式探讨经颅直流电刺激(t DCS)响应慢性意识障碍患者的电生理学特征。方法:研究纳入17例无反应觉醒综合征(UWS)和30例微意识状态(MCS)患者,对其进行两组加工深度递增式变化范式的ERP检查,后在连续10个工作日内接受20次左侧前额叶背外侧(DLPFC)区域t DCS治疗,根据改良昏迷恢复量表(CRS-R)评估结果分为响应者和非响应者,分析干预响应者一般情况特征及电生理学特征。结果:在UWS患者中,性别、年龄、病程、接受手术情况、CRS-R评分、P300出现情况均与t DCS响应性无关(P>0.05);而在MCS患者中,CRS-R评分(P=0.015)和反名-正名(DO)范式中P300出现情况(P=0.005)与tDCS响应性相关,而性别、年龄、病程、接受手术情况、纯音—正名(TO)范式中P300出现情况与响应性无关(P>0.05)。结论:更高的CRS-R评分和分层听觉ERP范式中P300的存在,特别是DO范式中的P300成分与MCS患者的tDCS响应性有关,推测是由于DO范式中P300成分代表患者残存的语义加工处理能力,因此具有优先恢复的能力。

基于Transformer和关系图卷积网络的信息传播预测模型

针对在信息传播动态演化中,结构特征和时序特征以及两者间的交互表达难以有效捕获的问题,提出一种基于Transformer和关系图卷积网络的信息传播预测模型(TRGCN)。首先,构建由社交关系图和传播级联图组合而成的异构图,使用关系图卷积网络(RGCN)提取图中各节点的结构特征;其次,使用双向长短期记忆(Bi-LSTM)网络对各节点的时间嵌入重新编码,引入时间衰减项以不同的权重赋予不同时间位置的节点,获得节点的时序特征;最后,将结构特征和时序特征输入Transformer进行融合,得到时空特征以预测信息传播。在Twitter、Douban和Memetracker这3个真实数据集上的实验结果表明,相较于对比实验中的最优模型,TRGCN的Hits@100指标分别提升3.18%,5.96%和3.34%,Map@100指标分别提升11.60%,19.72%和8.47%,验证了所提模型的有效性和合理性。