High-resolution x-ray monochromatic imaging for laser plasma diagnostics based on toroidal crystal

Monochromatic x-ray imaging is an essential method for plasma diagnostics related to density information.Large-field high-resolution monochromatic imaging of a He-like iron(Fe XXV)Kαcharacteristic line(6.701 keV)for laser plasma diagnostics was achieved using a developed toroidal crystal x-ray imager.A high-index crystal orientation Ge(531)wafer with a Bragg angle of 75.37°and the toroidal substrate were selected to obtain sufficient diffraction efficiency and compensate for astigmatism under oblique incidence.A precise offline assembly method of the toroidal crystal imager based on energy substitution was proposed,and a spatial resolution of 3-7μm was obtained by toroidal crystal imaging of a 600 line-pairs/inch Au grid within an object field of view larger than 1.0 mm.The toroidal crystal x-ray imager has been successfully tested via side-on backlight imaging experiments of the sinusoidal modulation target and a 1000 line-pairs/inch Au grid with a linewidth of 5μm using an online alignment method based on dual positioning balls to indicate the target and backlighter.This paper describes the optical design,adjustment method,and experimental results of a toroidal crystal system in a laboratory and laser facility.

Modern Control and Diagnostic System of Traction Vehicle with Hybrid Drive System

In paper it introduced a review of modem traction vehicle drive system with induction motor drive system （PMSM with single or dual rotor drive system） or BLDC motor with different configuration of magnetic circuits. For particular part of drive system proposed a quasi intelligent control system version smart control enables multi criteria predictive control of vehicle work. In the paper presented also a selected diagnostic procedure, enables monitoring exploitation parameters, and prediction of probable failure state. For different vehicle work state realized a simulation models and crash test of exploitations failure models.

Soft x-ray Diode-array Diagnostic System for HT-7 Superconducting Tokamak

A diagnostic system of soft x-ray diode-array was set up for HT-7 superconducting tokamak. The system consists of two slot-aperture cameras and is capable of measuring the soft x-ray emission from the plasma on HT-7 device with a high resolution in space and a high response in time. Both cameras, located separately in a horizontal port and a vertical port each with thirty-seven detectors of An-Si surface-barrier diode (SBD) can view the same toroidal cross-section of the plasma from different poloidal chords. In this paper, the structure, principle and performance of the diagnostic system are described and some experimental results observed are presented.

Optimized online filter stack spectrometer for ultrashort X-ray pulses

Currently,with the advent of high-repetition-rate laser-plasma experiments,the demand for online diagnosis for the X-ray spectrum is increasing because the laser-plasma-generated X-ray spectrum is very important for characterizing electron dynamics and applications.In this study,scintillators and silicon PIN(P-type–intrinsic-N-type semiconductor)diodes were used to construct a wideband online filter stack spectrometer.The X-ray sensor and filter arrangement was optimized using a genetic algorithm to minimize the condition number of the response matrix.Consequently,the unfolding error was significantly reduced based on numerical experiments.The detector responses were quantitatively calibrated by irradiating the scintillator and PIN diode with various nuclides and comparing the measuredγ-ray peaks.A prototype 15-channel spectrometer was developed by integrating an X-ray detector with front-and back-end electronics.The prototype spectrometer could record X-ray pulse signals at a repetition rate of 1 kHz.Furthermore,an optimized spectrometer was employed to record the real-time spectra of laser-driven bremsstrahlung sources.This optimized spectrometer offers a compact solution for spectrum diagnostics of ultrashort X-ray pulses,exhibiting improved accuracy in terms of spectrum measurements and repetition rates,and could be widely used in next-generation high-repetition-rate high-power laser facilities.

Self Consistent Calibration of Detectors and Sources for Hard and Soft X-Ray Diagnostics

X-Ray sources, detectors and optical components are now used in a wide range of applications. What is crucial is the absolute calibration of such devices to permit a quantitative assessment of the system under study. A new X-ray laboratory has been built in Frascati (ENEA) to develop diagnostics for nuclear fusion experiments and study applications of these X-ray techniques in other domains, like new material science, non destructive tests and so on. An in-house developed selfconsistent calibration procedure is described that permits the absolute calibration of sources (X-ray emitted fluxes) and detectors (detection efficiencies) as function of the X-ray photon energy, in the range 2 - 120 keV. The calibration procedure involves the use of an in-house developed code that also predicts the spectral response of any detector in any experimental condition that can be setup in the laboratory. The procedure has been then applied for the calibration and characterisation of gas and solid state imaging detectors, such as Medipix-2, GEM gas detector, CCD camera, Cd-Te C-MOS imager, demonstrating the versatility of the method developed here.

Development of a fast electron bremsstrahlung diagnostic system based on LYSO and silicon photomultipliers during lower hybrid current drive for tokamak

A novel real time fast electron bremsstrahlung (FEB) diagnostic system based on the lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate scintillators (LYSO) and silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) has been developed for tokamak.The diagnostic system is dedicated to study the FEB emission in the hard x-ray (HXR) energy range between 10 and 200 keV during the lower hybrid current drive.The system consists of a detection module and three data acquisition and processing (DAP)boards.The detection module consists of annulus LYSO-SiPM detector array and a 12-channel preamplifier module.The DAP boards upload the data to the host computer for displaying and storing through PXI bus.The time and space resolutions of the system are 10 ms and 4 cm,respectively.The experimental results can show the evolution over time and the spatial distribution of FEB.This paper presents the system performance and typical discharge results.

Method to Monitor Helicopter Rotor Fault Using Diagnostic Matrix

An efficient method for helicopter rotor fault diagnosis was proposed using diagnostic matrix and its software framework was developed.The diagnostic matrix was extracted by the way of simulating the quantitative models of damaged and undamaged rotor systems.The conflicts were recognized by the virtual symptom sensor based on the dependencies between symptoms and faults.Diagnostic candidates were generated by the Boolean hitting algorithm.The proposed method provides multi-fault real-time diagnostic capability and it is suitable for the synthetic health monitoring of complex systems.

Diagnostic accuracy of thoracic imaging modalities for the detection of COVID-19

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic continues to present diagnostic challenges.The use of thoracic radiography has been studied as a method to improve the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19.The‘Living’Cochrane Systematic Review on the diagnostic accuracy of imaging tests for COVID-19 is continuously updated as new information becomes available for study.In the most recent version,published in March 2021,a meta-analysis was done to determine the pooled sensitivity and specificity of chest X-ray(CXR)and lung ultrasound(LUS)for the diagnosis of COVID-19.CXR gave a sensitivity of 80.6%(95%CI:69.1-88.6)and a specificity of 71.5%(95%CI:59.8-80.8).LUS gave a sensitivity rate of 86.4%(95%CI:72.7-93.9)and specificity of 54.6%(95%CI:35.3-72.6).These results differed from the findings reported in the recent article in this journal where they cited the previous versions of the study in which a metaanalysis for CXR and LUS could not be performed.Additionally,the article states that COVID-19 could not be distinguished,using chest computed tomography(CT),from other respiratory diseases.However,the latest review version identifies chest CT as having a specificity of 80.0%(95%CI:74.9-84.3),which is much higher than the previous version which indicated a specificity of 61.1%(95%CI:42.3-77.1).Therefore,CXR,chest CT and LUS have the potential to be used in conjunction with other methods in the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Establishment of Local Diagnostic Reference Levels in Conventional Radiography: A Pilot Study in Dakar, Senegal

Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) are indicators that allow assessing the quality of equipment and procedures from the point of view of the doses delivered to patients and subsequently initiate corrective actions if necessary. The purpose of this study is to encourage health professionals to investigate patient radiation doses and to determine whether those doses comply with the principles of radiation protection in medical fields so as to improve practices by reducing patient exposure without reducing clinical effectiveness. To perform this work, we have investigated patient doses for different radiological examinations from six (6) medical centers in Dakar, including the following nine routine types: chest (PA), abdomen (AP), pelvis (AP), cervical spine (AP), lumbar spine (AP, Lat), hip (AP), thoracic spine (AP, Lat). Three types of data were collected, i.e., X-ray tube machine data, patient data and output measurements. The data were analyzed statistically and the median, minimum, maximum, and third quartile values were calculated and displayed throughout boxplots graphs for all exams and medical centers. The two sigma range (95% confidence interval) was also checked. Comparison of third quartiles of Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) and Dose Area Product (DAP) by type of examination with recommended international DRLs was performed. The third quartile of ESD for pelvis (AP) and thoracic spine (AP) was up to 16% and 38% higher, respectively than their corresponding DRLs in the European Commission Report RP 180 Part 2. For all exams, except thoracic spine (lat), the third quartiles of the dose area product were higher than the corresponding DRLs in the above report. The source of dose variability between medical centers was related to many parameters such as poor radiographic techniques, lack of modern X-ray machines and adequately documented radiation protection practices. The results show the need to develop protocols for dose measurement as well as to carry out quality assurance programs and dose optimization in Senegal.

High-efficiency,high-resolution multiple monochromatic imaging based on a multilayer mirror array for laser–plasma diagnostics of X-ray continuum emission

The measurement of X-ray continuous emission from laser-driven plasma was achieved through multiple monochromatic imaging utilizing a multilayer mirror array.This methodology was exemplified by the development of an eight-channel X-ray imaging system,capable of operating in the energy range of several ke V with a spatial resolution of approximately3 μm.By integrating this system with a streak camera,the temperature and trajectory of imploding capsules were successfully measured at the kJ-class Shenguang III prototype laser facility.This approach provides a synchronous diagnostic method for the spatial,temporal and spectral analysis of laser-driven plasma,characterized by its high efficiency and resolution.

智能化技术在新能源汽车故障诊断中的应用

阐述新能源汽车故障诊断的特点,探讨智能化电子诊断技术的应用,包括故障预测、故障定位、故障诊断和故障修复。分析新能源汽车故障诊断中的优势和不足,展望发展趋势。

基于整车转毂的轻型车油耗特征研究

为探究影响轻型汽油车油耗的因素和车载诊断系统(OBD)油耗数据的修正方法,以促进机动车油耗的精细化控制和管理,该文对不同轻型汽油车的油耗测量值进行了详细分析。以满足国V和国VIb排放标准的轻型汽油车(LDGVs)为研究对象,在全球统一轻型车测试循环(WLTC)工况下进行冷、热启动测试,同时用OBD读取发动机和整车的瞬态运行参数,再分别用碳平衡法和OBD空燃比法计算被测车辆在不同启动温度和不同速度段下的油耗,分析温度和速度对不同车辆的油耗影响。利用均值法补齐了OBD参数读取过程中的数据损失,提高了2种油耗计算方法在瞬时油耗上的线性相关性,并分析了OBD油耗计算的误差来源。结果表明:与国V车辆相比,国VIb车辆油耗受启动温度的影响更小,其冷启动油耗仅比热启动高2.02%~2.27%;加装了汽油车颗粒捕集器(GPF)的车辆比未加装车辆的100 km油耗高出约0.48 L,且由GPF导致的油耗增幅与行驶速度有关;发动机在低速段的反复启停会导致该阶段的油耗达到全阶段的1.46倍;OBD的油耗测量误差更多来自车辆减速阶段。

试论新能源汽车维修中电子诊断技术的应用

随着新能源汽车技术的迅速发展,其复杂的电子和电气系统对于高效和准确的维修技术提出了新的挑战。电子诊断技术作为一种创新手段,为新能源汽车的维修提供了前所未有的便利。本文首先对电子诊断技术进行概述,然后深入探讨了它在新能源汽车维修中的特点,最后,介绍了几种常用的电子诊断方法。本文旨在推进新能源汽车维修中电子诊断技术的开展,助力新能源汽车的推广与普及。

Construction of a predictive model for gastric cancer neuroaggression and clinical validation analysis: A single-center retrospective study

BACKGROUND This study investigated the construction and clinical validation of a predictive model for neuroaggression in patients with gastric cancer.Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world,and neuroinvasion is the key factor affecting the prognosis of patients.However,there is a lack of systematic analysis on the construction and clinical application of its prediction model.This study adopted a single-center retrospective study method,collected a large amo-unt of clinical data,and applied statistics and machine learning technology to build and verify an effective prediction model for neuroaggression,with a view to providing scientific basis for clinical treatment decisions and improving the tr-eatment effect and survival rate of patients with gastric cancer.AIM To investigate the value of a model based on clinical data,spectral computed to-mography(CT)parameters and image omics characteristics for the preoperative prediction of nerve invasion in patients with gastric cancer.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on 80 gastric cancer patients who under-went preoperative energy spectrum CT at our hospital between January 2022 and August 2023,these patients were divided into a positive group and a negative group according to their pathological results.Clinicopathological data were collected,the energy spectrum parameters of primary gastric cancer lesions were measured,and single factor analysis was performed.A total of 214 image omics features were extracted from two-phase mixed energy images,and the features were screened by single factor analysis and a support vector machine.The variables with statist-ically significant differences were included in logistic regression analysis to construct a prediction model,and the performance of the model was evaluated using the subject working characteristic curve.There were statistically significant differences in sex,carbohydrate antigen 199 expression,tumor thickness,Lauren classification and Borrmann classification between the two groups(all P<0.05).Among the energy spectrum parameters,there were statistically significant differences in the single energy values(CT60-CT110 keV)at the arterial stage between the two groups(all P<0.05)and statistically significant differences in CT values,iodide group values,standardized iodide group values and single energy values except CT80 keV at the portal vein stage between the two groups(all P<0.05).The support vector machine model with the largest area under the curve was selected by image omics analysis,and its area under the curve,sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,P value and pa-rameters were 0.843,0.923,0.714,0.925,<0.001,and c:g 2.64:10.56,respectively.Finally,based on the logistic regression algorithm,a clinical model,an energy spectrum CT model,an imaging model,a clinical+energy spe-ctrum model,a clinical+imaging model,an energy spectrum+imaging model,and a clinical+energy spectrum+imaging model were established,among which the clinical+energy spectrum+imaging model had the best efficacy in diagnosing gastric cancer nerve invasion.The area under the curve,optimal threshold,Youden index,sensitivity and specificity were 0.927(95%CI:0.850-1.000),0.879,0.778,0.778,and 1.000,respectively.CONCLUSION The combined model based on clinical features,spectral CT parameters and imaging data has good value for the preoperative prediction of gastric cancer neuroinvasion.

基于电子诊断技术的新能源汽车检测与维修技术研究

深入研究了基于电子诊断技术的新能源汽车检测与维修技术,通过综合分析车载电子系统的特点以及新能源汽车电动驱动、能源管理等核心技术,构建了一套全面而系统的检测与维修框架。在诊断方面,探讨了电池管理系统、电动机控制单元等关键部件的在线监测与故障诊断方法,提出了一种高效的故障定位策略,为提高新能源汽车故障处理效率提供了理论支持。在维修方面,采用智能化的维修工具,结合车辆网络通信技术,实现了对新能源汽车的远程维护与升级。通过实际案例分析,验证了研究成果在实际应用中的可行性和有效性,不仅对新能源汽车行业具有指导意义,也为电子诊断技术在汽车检测与维修领域的推广提供了有力的支持。

基于车载以太网DoIP协议的研究及其在商用车中的应用

由于汽车智能化、网联化的进一步发展,车载以太网在汽车领域得到越来越广泛的应用。目前乘用车已经逐步采用UDS on DoIP技术方案,国内未见商用车采用UDS on DoIP技术的报道。文章主要介绍DoIP数据格式和诊断流程,并着重介绍在商用车领域基于DoIP诊断路由应用及测试、刷写应用及测试和UDS诊断测试。

新能源汽车中的电子诊断技术分析

阐述新能源汽车电子诊断技术的特点,探讨电子信息化诊断技术在新能源汽车领域中的应用,包括自动记录动力电池的每次检修状况、智能识别电控系统故障零部件、自动解读汽车制动系统的信息。

新能源汽车动力电池故障诊断及发展趋势分析

基于当前我国科技水平不断提升,使得电动汽车行业日益发展,新能源汽车数量日益增多,在给人们出行带来便利的同时,也频发各类安全事故。尤其是动力电池,其作为电动汽车稳定运行的关键,如果动力电池发生故障,必然会影响到汽车整体运行安全以及车辆续航里程。对此,文章在明确动力电池系统基本架构以及安全风险基础上,结合具体实例分析了电动汽车动力电池故障诊断与处理方法,并就故障诊断技术未来发展趋势进行了展望。

轻型汽油车排放控制故障诊断方法及离线诊断技术研究

排放控制故障是轻型汽油车常见故障,影响行车舒适性,也会加快车辆老化速度,带来安全方面的威胁、隐患。基于此,首先分析了轻型汽油车排放控制故障以及其原因,在此基础上,探讨了相关故障的诊断方法以及离线诊断技术,并就离线诊断技术原理、作业框架、重点技术进行分析,最后结合模拟实验论述离线诊断技术的工作优势,服务后续相关故障诊断工作。

新型车载控制器诊断数据管理系统的设计和研究

针对AUTOSAR架构在诊断数据存储与更新方面的不足,文章提出一种通过优化车载控制器诊断数据管理系统的数据更新机制,通过在应用程序软件层级开辟专用诊断管理内存,存储每个诊断事件的详细数据,以便有序存储诊断数据。该机制在满足AUTOSAR的标准化要求的同时能显著改善系统性能,提升诊断的准确性和效率。