Anisotropy of Trabecular Bone from Ultra-Distal Radius Digital X-Ray Imaging: Effects on Bone Mineral Density and Age

Background: When applied to trabecular bone X-ray images, the anisotropic properties of trabeculae located at ultra-distal radius were investigated by using the trabecular bone scores (TBS) calculated along directions parallel and perpendicular to the forearm. Methodology: Data from more than two hundred subjects were studied retrospectively. A DXA (GE Lunar Prodigy) scan of the forearm was performed on each subject to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) value at the location of ultra-distal radius, and an X-ray digital image of the same forearm was taken on the same day. The values of trabecular bone score along the direction perpendicular to the forearm, TBSx, and along the direction parallel to the forearm, TBSy, were calculated respectively. The statistics of TBSx and TBSy were calculated, and the anisotropy of the trabecular bone, which was defined as the ratio of TBSy to TBSx and changed with subjects’ BMD and age, was reported and analyzed. Results: The results show that the correlation coefficient between TBSx and TBSy was 0.72 (p BMD and age was reported. The results showed that decreased trabecular bone anisotropy was associated with deceased BMD and increased age in the subject group. Conclusions: This study shows that decreased trabecular bone anisotropy was associated with decreased BMD and increased age.

Imaging Analysis of Trabecular Bone Texture Based on the Initial Slope of Variogram of Ultra-Distal Radius Digital X-Ray Imaging: Effects on Bone Mineral Density and Age

Background: When applied to trabecular bone X-ray images, a method for analyzing trabecular bone texture based on the initial slope of variogram (ISV) was used to assess the trabecular bone health. Methodology: Data from more than two hundred subjects were retrospectively studied. For each subject, a DXA (GE Lunar Prodigy) scan of the forearm was performed, and bone mineral density (BMD) value was measured at the location of ultra-distal radius, X-ray digital image of the same forearm was taken on the same day, and ISV value over the same location of ultra-distal radius was calculated. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the correlation between BMD and ISV of the trabecular bones located at the same ultra-distal radius. ISV values changed with subjects’ age were also reported. Results: The results show that ISV value was highly correlated with the DXA-measured BMD of the same trabecular bone located at the ultra-distal radius. The correlation coefficient between ISV and BMD with the 95% confident was 0.79 ± 0.09. They also demonstrated that the age-related changes in trabecular bone health and differentiated age patterns in males and females, respectively. The results showed that the decrease in BMD was accompanied by a decrease in the initial slope of variogram (ISV). Conclusions: This study suggests that ISV might be used to quantitatively evaluate trabecular health for osteoporosis and bone disease diagnosis.

A cadaveric breast cancer tissue phantom for phase-contrast X-ray imaging applications

Background:As mammography X-ray imaging technologies advance and provide elevated contrast in soft tissues,a need has developed for reliable imaging phantoms for use in system design and component calibration.In advanced imaging modalities such as refraction-based methods,it is critical that developed phantoms capture the biological details seen in clinical precancerous and cancerous cases while minimizing artifacts that may be caused due to phantom production.This work presents the fabrication of a breast tissue imaging phantom from cadaveric breast tissue suitable for use in both transmission and refraction-enhanced imaging systems.Methods:Human cancer cell tumors were grown orthotopically in nude athymic mice and implanted into the fixed tissue while maintaining the native tumor/adipose tissue interface.Results:The resulting human–murine tissue hybrid phantom was mounted on a clear acrylic housing for absorption and refraction X-ray imaging.Digital breast tomosynthesis was also performed.Conclusion:Both attenuation-based imaging and refraction-based imaging of the phantom are presented to confirm the suitability of this phantom's use in both imaging modalities.

Application of Digital Image Analysis Method in Metric Screw Thread Metrology

This paper describes the use of computer-aided measurement for external metric screw threads. Thread parameters, including thread pitch, thread angle, pitch diameter and major diameter, were measured with CCD cameras and image analysis software. New technologies such as digital image processing were used to increase the efficiency of measurements. In this study, by reconstructing the toolmaker’s microscope, the computer-aided semi-automated measuring system was developed, which could evaluate the accuracy of screw thread profile. It is concluded that the measurement accuracy is comparable to that of traditional toolmaker’s microscope method. Key words screw threads - quality inspection - accuracy - digital image processing

Rapid digitalization and panoramic evaluation of weld X-ray film

The computer evaluation of weld X-ray film is an attractive technique for weld seam NDT （ nondestructive testing）. To achieve this target, digitalization of film is the first step and automatic defect identification is another key technique. In this paper, a weld X-ray film digitalizing system has been established with linear array CCD and highlight LED light source. Its space resolution can reach 0. 04 mm/pixel and scanning speed can reach 100 mm/s for an industrial film. The transfer function curves of the system have been measured and the results indicate that its image gray resolution can reach 88 G/D at 4. 5D, and its dynamic range can be wider than 2. OD. In order to facilitate the evaluation of large welded structure, a panoramic evaluation algorithm is developed also. The algorithm includes image matching, image fusion and panoramic evaluation of the long linked film image.

Application of molybdenum target X-ray photography in imaging analysis of caudal intervertebral disc degeneration in rats

BACKGROUND Conventional plain X-ray images of rats,the most common animals used as degeneration models,exhibit unclear vertebral structure and blurry intervertebral disc spaces due to their small size,slender vertebral bodies.AIM To apply molybdenum target X-ray photography in the evaluation of caudal intervertebral disc(IVD)degeneration in rat models.METHODS Two types of rat caudal IVD degeneration models(needle-punctured model and endplate-destructed model)were established,and their effectiveness was verified using nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.Molybdenum target inspection and routine plain X-ray were then performed on these models.Additionally,four observers were assigned to measure the intervertebral height of degenerated segments on molybdenum target plain X-ray images and routine plain X-ray images,respectively.The degeneration was evaluated and statistical analysis was subsequently conducted.RESULTS Nine rats in the needle-punctured model and 10 rats in the endplate-destructed model were effective.Compared with routine plain X-ray images,molybdenum target plain X-ray images showed higher clarity,stronger contrast,as well as clearer and more accurate structural development.The McNemar test confirmed that the difference was statistically significant(P=0.031).In the two models,the reliability of the intervertebral height measured by the four observers on routine plain X-ray images was poor(ICC<0.4),while the data obtained from the molybdenum target plain X-ray images were more reliable.CONCLUSIONMolybdenum target inspection can obtain clearer images and display fine calcification in the imaging evaluation of caudal IVD degeneration in rats,thus ensuring a more accurate evaluation of degeneration.

Research on Influence of Electromagnetic Interference on X-Ray Digital Detection

X-ray digital imaging technology has found wide application owing to its advantages of real-time, visualization and rapid imaging. In substations the substantial electromagnetic interference has some influence on the live detection by the X-ray digital imaging technology, hindering the promotion of the technology in the detection of electric equipment. Based on a large number of field tests, the author carded out a series of researches on electromagnetic interference protection measures, image de-noising, and image enhancement algorithms.

An Improved Neural Network Method for Forearm Bone Imaging Segmentation

In this paper, we propose several improved neural networks and training strategy using data augmentation to segment human radius accurately and efficiently. This method can provide pixel-level segmentation accuracy through the low-level features of the neural network, and automatically distinguish the classification of radius. The versatility and applicability can be effectively improved by learning and training digital X-ray images obtained from digital X-ray imaging systems of different manufacturers.

智能巡检机器人在自然环境试验中的应用探讨

目的 探索建立自然环境试验智能巡检系统,使用机器人替代部分人工巡检工作。方法 通过分析巡检作业环境和巡检任务,确定智能巡检机器人的功能要求和技术参数,进而开展机器人本体结构设计,融合控制后台、远程数据库等设备,实现智能巡检系统构建。结果 开展了智能巡检数据采集的使用验证,巡检机器人采集的样品图像对焦清晰、分辨率高,样品在图像中的位置大小合理,腐蚀特征展示清楚。巡检系统可对样品图像进行自动分割和智能识别,对蚀点、流痕等损伤特征识别准确,精度可达0.1%。结论 智能巡检系统可以满足自然环境试验的巡检要求,替代人工完成部分巡检工作,智能巡检数据便于入库和使用挖掘,对于自然环境试验的数字化转型有积极的推动作用。

Three-dimensional finite element simulation and reconstruction of jointed rock models using CT scanning and photogrammetry

The geometry of joints has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of rocks.To simplify the curved joint shapes in rocks,the joint shape is usually treated as straight lines or planes in most laboratory experiments and numerical simulations.In this study,the computerized tomography (CT) scanning and photogrammetry were employed to obtain the internal and surface joint structures of a limestone sample,respectively.To describe the joint geometry,the edge detection algorithms and a three-dimensional (3D) matrix mapping method were applied to reconstruct CT-based and photogrammetry-based jointed rock models.For comparison tests,the numerical uniaxial compression tests were conducted on an intact rock sample and a sample with a joint simplified to a plane using the parallel computing method.The results indicate that the mechanical characteristics and failure process of jointed rocks are significantly affected by the geometry of joints.The presence of joints reduces the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS),elastic modulus,and released acoustic emission (AE) energy of rocks by 37%–67%,21%–24%,and 52%–90%,respectively.Compared to the simplified joint sample,the proposed photogrammetry-based numerical model makes the most of the limited geometry information of joints.The UCS,accumulative released AE energy,and elastic modulus of the photogrammetry-based sample were found to be very close to those of the CT-based sample.The UCS value of the simplified joint sample (i.e.38.5 MPa) is much lower than that of the CT-based sample (i.e.72.3 MPa).Additionally,the accumulative released AE energy observed in the simplified joint sample is 3.899 times lower than that observed in the CT-based sample.CT scanning provides a reliable means to visualize the joints in rocks,which can be used to verify the reliability of photogrammetry techniques.The application of the photogrammetry-based sample enables detailed analysis for estimating the mechanical properties of jointed rocks.

基于OpenCV的变电站电力设备异物识别算法改进研究

变电站智能巡视系统具备识别变电站高压电气设备上搭接鸟巢并发出告警的功能。但在实际应用中,摄像机拍摄的画面通常包含多台设备,导致智能巡视系统无法准确判断鸟巢位置,或将鸟巢搭接位置误判在其他设备上。为弥补异物识别算法无法准确定位的缺点,设计算法对摄像机拍摄的画面进行预处理,完成目标设备分离。对处理后的图像进行异物识别,将提高智能巡视系统的异物定位准确率。

包覆层液氨管道数字射线实时成像检测

针对在役氨制冷系统包覆层液氨管道常规检验手段难以实施的难题,提出利用X射线数字成像检测方法对管道服役阶段产生的缺陷进行实时成像检测。包覆层与介质的双重作用影响了X射线的线质与数字图像的缺陷可识别度,对透照工艺进行优化,优化后的试验结果表明,腐蚀部位与检测图像相吻合,该方法能够实时判定缺陷与腐蚀状况。包覆层液氨管道的无损检测、腐蚀检测及焊缝的咬边、错边检查有助于问题的及时发现和隐患的及时排除,从而实现管道的安全运行。

数字化创新驱动下的运营商数据中心巡查人员轨迹追踪策略探索

[研究目的]在数字化转型的浪潮中,提升数据中心的维护效率已成为推动智能运维和行业革新的核心任务。[研究方法]基于图像识别和人工智能大数据模型,提出了一种系统化的巡检人员轨迹记录与位移顺序分析方法。通过对运营商网络维护规范执行情况进行全面的定量评估,为优化维护行为和提升效率提供坚实的科学依据。[研究结论]结合定性与定量分析的创新方式不仅显著提高了数据中心的运维效率和安全性,更为无人值守机房的智能化管理奠定了强有力的技术基础。这一方法在数字化运维体系的构建和流程标准化中具有深远的影响,展现出跨行业智能运维的广泛应用前景,促进了技术与管理的深度融合,推动了企业在复杂环境中的灵活应对能力与可持续发展。

用于漆面缺陷识别检测的数字图像处理技术系统设计

自动喷漆过程后车身表面的小缺陷是目前汽车行业质量控制面临的最大问题之一。利用图像处理技术可以实现一种新的检测方法,并确保整个区域得到检查。处理方法是基于局部定向模糊方法的图像背景提取方法和修改后的图像对比度增强,从而能够检测整个照明区域的缺陷。此外,还可以使用多级结构进行多次处理,该系统已四川成都的大众工厂的生产线上试运行。这里将展示对性能的完整分析,以及证明稳健性和可靠性的几个测试。

数字孪生泵站三维智能巡检的研究与应用

基于数字孪生技术,深入探讨建筑信息化模型(building information modeling,BIM)与智能图像识别技术在智能巡检领域的集成挑战及其对泵站设备异常等异常事件快速响应能力的提升方法。将BIM轻量化后与网络地理信息系统(Web geographic information system,WebGIS)相结合,为三维智能巡检搭建数字孪生场景。在此基础上,集成视频融合技术与智能识别算法,构建BIM技术耦合图像识别技术的三维智能巡检系统,实现BIM与视频监控虚实交互,快速直观地展示告警信息,辅助值班人员快速响应设备异常等事件。结果表明:BIM技术耦合图像识别技术在数字孪生泵站中具有巨大的潜力,可以有效提高巡检质量,为泵站智慧化管理作依托。

利用无人机影像制作超大范围DOM

无人机影像经过处理,可以获取数字正射影像产品。以甘肃某地区超大范围DOM的生产为例,论述了利用PPS后差分系统支持下的CW-30无人机获取数字航空影像,同时加入外业像控点,在集群式影像处理Inpho8.0软件下,制作1∶2 000 DOM过程。成果目视检查表明,影像质量良好。精度检测表明,空中三角测量成果的检查点平面中误差为0.272 m,高程中误差为0.234 m;DOM的地物特征点的平面中误差为0.336 m,能够达到相应规范要求。

渣缓冷场智能巡检系统的研制及应用

为解决传统渣缓冷场巡检方式依赖人工、安全风险大、效率低、成本高、准确率低及环境恶劣等问题,研制并应用了渣缓冷场智能巡检系统。利用云台式红外热像仪获取渣包和冷却水喷淋设备的热成像图片和可见光图片,并通过红外热成像温度算法和AI智能识别,精准监测渣包温度变化和喷淋设备运行状态,自动识别异常情况并及时告警。系统应用后,以高稳定性和高精准度帮助工作人员及时处理了现场巡检的各项问题,保障了生产的安全和稳定,为金属冶炼行业提供了一种高效、智能的巡检解决方案,推进了行业的数字化转型和智能化升级。

一种基于数字图像处理外螺纹参数校正技术

国内中低压阀门产品,螺纹为最常见的一种连接方式,传统的螺纹检测方法工作效率低下,测量的精度也不高,阀门批量生产过程中基本采用螺纹规进行快速检测螺纹中径来判断螺纹是否合格,所以数字图像处理技术应用到螺纹检测中也是一种趋势。本文基于CCD数字图像识别处理技术,依据外螺纹投影边界形成的空间位置关系,创造性地建立了投影边界方程来消除非接触式测量圆柱外螺纹牙型过程中产生的误差。本文对外圆柱螺纹参数(螺距、牙型角等)进行1次校正,其边界已逼近理想的圆柱外螺纹牙型,得到精度极高的圆柱外螺纹牙型边界,实现了对圆柱外螺纹几何尺寸的非接触测量。该方法测量速度快、精度高、成本低,非常适合用于阀门普通螺纹产品大批量生产过程中的在线螺纹检测。

基于X射线数字化成像技术的40.5 kV开关柜触头盒质量检测

作为高压开关柜的关键绝缘部件,触头盒主要起绝缘隔离和连接过渡的作用。触头盒发生局部放电会导致绝缘击穿,甚至引发相间短路故障,对开关柜的可靠性运行带来严重威胁。目前对于触头盒产品没有有效的质量检测标准,为此提出了采用X射线数字化成像技术对某40.5 kV开关柜的触头盒进行入网质量检测,并在安装阶段进行检测试验。检测结果发现同批次12件触头盒中有4件内部存在空隙类缺陷,为不合格产品。试验结论表明,采用X射线数字化成像技术检测触头盒的产品质量具有一定的实用性,这也为开关柜内其他绝缘部件的质量检测提供了参考和借鉴。

Microstructural Characteristics of Asphalt Concrete with Different Gradations by X-ray CT

The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the effects of asphalt concrete types on the microstructural characteristics at high-temperature. Suspend-dense structure and Skeleton-dense structure were selected to investigate the deformation of pavement at meso-scale. The internal microstructures of typical asphalt concretes, AC, SUP and SMA, were scanned by X-ray CT device, and microstructural changes before and after high-temperature damage were researched by digital image processing. Adaptive threshold segmentation algorithm（ATSA） based on image radius was developed and utilized to obtain the binary images of aggregates, air-voids and asphalt mastic. Then the shape and distribution of air-voids and aggregates were analyzed. The results show that the ATSA can distinguish the target and background effectively. Gradation and coarse aggregate size of asphalt mixtures have an obvious influence on the distribution of air-voids. The movements of aggregate particles are complex and aggregates with elliptic sharp show great rotation. The effect of gradation on microstructure during high-temperature damage promotes the research about the failure mechanism of asphalt concrete pavement.