Quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis for unknown samples using full-spectrum least-squares regression

The full-spectrum least-squares(FSLS) method is introduced to perform quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis for unknown solid samples.Based on the conventional least-squares principle, this spectrum evaluation method is able to obtain the background-corrected and interference-free net peaks, which is significant for quantization analyses. A variety of analytical parameters and functions to describe the features of the fluorescence spectra of pure elements are used and established, such as the mass absorption coefficient, the Gi factor, and fundamental fluorescence formulas. The FSLS iterative program was compiled in the C language. The content of each component should reach the convergence criterion at the end of the calculations. After a basic theory analysis and experimental preparation, 13 national standard soil samples were detected using a spectrometer to test the feasibility of using the algorithm. The results show that the calculated contents of Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn have the same changing tendency as the corresponding standard content in the 13 reference samples. Accuracies of 0.35% and 14.03% are obtained, respectively, for Fe and Ti, whose standard concentrations are 8.82% and 0.578%, respectively. However, the calculated results of trace elements (only tens of lg/g) deviate from the standard values. This may be because of measurement accuracy and mutual effects between the elements.

Fluorescence spectrum characteristic of ethanol-water excimer and mechanism of resonance energy transfer

The steady-state fluorescence spectrum characteristic of ethanol-water excimer has been studied in this paper. By analysing the features of the sharp emission spectrum with fine structures in a shortwave band and the characteristics of the broad and featureless fluorescence peaks in the longwave band, one can conclude that the excimers are formed between the new ethanol-water cluster molecules in the excited state and the ground state through the interaction among different chromophores. The excitation spectra in the two fluorescence bands have been studied, and their emission mechanisms have been ascertained based on the energy transfer theory. Furthermore, the critical distance of the resonance energy transfer has been calculated.

Determination of Element Levels of Lagoon from Townships near Cocody City Abidjan Côte D’Ivoire Using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence

Eight water bottles from Ebrie lagoon with pollution potency were studied using nuclear chemistry technique and Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. This pollution is characterized by pH and conductivity parameters, concentrations average in mg/L of metals such Fe (0.731), Mn (0.345), Cr (0.070), Cu (0.014) and concentrations of nutrients known to be pollutants and toxic for living or-ganisms. These heavy metals are dangerous to the lives, the local inhabitants and also a threat to aquatic life since this water is essential for the economical town, Abidjan. According to the Manganese concentration average (0.345 mg) values that higher than WHO (0.05 mg) value, the main likely source of pollu-tants is anthropogenic, industrial and agricultural. This study also shows the use of materials and lubricants near the lagoon that pollute this water.

Energy spectrum computed tomography multi-parameter imaging in preoperative assessment of vascular and neuroinvasive status in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND Vascular and nerve infiltration are important indicators for the progression and prognosis of gastric cancer(GC),but traditional imaging methods have some limitations in preoperative evaluation.In recent years,energy spectrum computed tomography(CT)multiparameter imaging technology has been gradually applied in clinical practice because of its advantages in tissue contrast and lesion detail display.AIM To explore and analyze the value of multiparameter energy spectrum CT imaging in the preoperative assessment of vascular invasion(LVI)and nerve invasion(PNI)in GC patients.METHODS Data from 62 patients with GC confirmed by pathology and accompanied by energy spectrum CT scanning at our hospital between September 2022 and September 2023,including 46 males and 16 females aged 36-71(57.5±9.1)years,were retrospectively collected.The patients were divided into a positive group(42 patients)and a negative group(20 patients)according to the presence of LVI/PNI.The CT values(CT40 keV,CT70 keV),iodine concentration(IC),and normalized IC(NIC)of lesions in the upper energy spectrum CT images of the arterial phase,venous phase,and delayed phase 40 and 70 keV were measured,and the slopes of the energy spectrum curves[K(40-70)]from 40 to 70 keV were calculated.Arterial Core Tip:To investigate the application value of multiparameter energy spectrum computed tomography(CT)imaging in the preoperative assessment of vascular and nerve infiltration in patients with gastric cancer(GC).The imaging data of GC patients were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of CT for identifying and quantifying vascular and nerve infiltration and for comparison with postoperative pathological results.The purpose of this study was to verify the clinical feasibility and potential advantages of multiparameter energy spectrum CT imaging in guiding preoperative diagnosis and treatment decision-making and to provide a new imaging basis for improving the diagnostic accuracy and prognosis of GC patients.

Monte Carlo simulation for bremsstrahlung and photoneutron yields in high-energy x-ray radiography

This paper reports on the results of calculations using a Monte Carlo code （MCNP5） to study the properties of photons, electrons and photoneutrons obtained in the converted target and their transportations in x-ray radiography. A comparison between measurements and calculations for bremsstrahlung and photoneutrons is presented. The radiographic rule and the effect of the collimator on the image are studied with the experimental model. The results provide exact parameters for the optimal design of radiographic layout and shielding systems.

Quantum interference in laser-assisted photo-ionization excited by a femtosecond x-ray pulse

The photoelectron energy spectra （PESs） excited by monochromatic femtosecond x-ray pulses in the presence of a femtosecond laser are investigated. APES is composed of a set of separate peaks, showing interesting comb-like structures. These structures result from the quantum interferences between photoelectron wave packets generated at different times. The width and the localization of each peak as well as the number of peaks are determined by all the laser and x-ray parameters. Most of peak heights of the PES are higher than the classical predictions.

Wood Moisture Content Measurement by X-Ray Exposure Method

Although quite a numer of papers can be found up to now dealing with the subject of the measurement ofwood density by using the X-ray exposure methods, direet scanning or radiographic photography, the following two aspects,which are very important from both theorctical and engineering application points of view, have not yet been properly handled. One is that the elementary analyses or the experimental measurement on the mass attenuation coefficients were notspecified in regard to spectnun energv distridutions [1]. In this connection, the ambiguities in the specification of the coeffiecients and in turn for thc results among studies arise when only one of the two parameters, namely wave length and applied voltage, of detining the energy spectrum of X-ray is given. The oher is that the relationships between the relative intensity and the sample thickness as well the wood moisture content [2], which are the critical factors for the design and theselection of X-ray apparatus, were not sufficiently examined. In addition, the knowledge of the measurelnent of woodmiosture content by using the direct X-ray scanning method is also almost unavaible now. In the study, the direct X-rayscanning method of measuring wood moisture content was at first investigated theoretically with respect to the relationshipbetween the mass attenuation coefficients of wood (beech, Fagus Sylvatica) and the maximum spectrum energy of X-ray.Secondly, the dependence of the relative intensity on the sample thickness and on the wood moisture content was analysed.The main advantage of the method is on-site nondestructive measuring of wood moisture content in the processes such asdrying, impregnation and unsteady mass diffusion. Specifically for the application in the area of biomechanics, the methodcan also bc used for understanding the water pathway within wood, for example, the water around the knots and the relation between the stress distribution and the local moisture content of wood.

沥青老化前后宏-微观性能相关性

为探索沥青老化过程中微观结构变化对其宏观力学性能的内在影响机制,结合动态剪切流变仪测定的流变学参数与红外光谱仪及荧光显微镜获取的化学官能团和微观结构数据,揭示了基质沥青与SBS改性沥青在不同老化阶段的宏-微观性能关联。研究发现,SBS改性沥青的微观空间网络结构赋予其卓越的黏弹特性。识别了SBS改性剂特有的红外光谱特征峰,为快速识别和评估SBS改性沥青提供了一种方法。通过灰色关联度分析,发现官能团指数与复数剪切模量的关联度排序为:亚砜基官能团指数>芳香环官能团指数>羰基官能团指数,与沥青表面能的关联度顺序为:芳香环官能团指数>羰基官能团指数>亚砜基官能团指数。研究进一步证实,沥青老化过程中官能团的氧化和微观形貌的重构是影响其复数剪切模量变化的关键因素,为沥青材料的老化行为提供了新的理论解释。

基于Voigt函数拟合的能量色散X射线荧光光谱(EDXRF)法测定金矿粉末中低品位金

为了提高金矿粉末含金量检测的准确性和安全性,以金矿粉末为研究对象,运用能量色散X射线荧光光谱法(EDXRF)对金矿粉末进行检测,利用Voigt函数拟合分离出金元素的Lα纯元素特征峰,分析测定金矿粉末中金的含量。在实验中,发现金的Lα峰与锌的Kβ峰存在明显重叠,为了排除锌元素的干扰,引入降噪技术和Voigt函数进行分峰处理,利用纯锌和纯金的标准溶液配制符合金矿粉末样品中锌金四种比例的混合溶液,通过滤波和降噪算法处理得到相对纯净的重叠峰,加入Voigt函数拟合分离锌和金的重叠峰,得到金的Lα峰净强度值,通过纯金和纯锌标准溶液建立回归线得到金矿粉末中金的真实含量,对比金矿粉末的参考含量数据,偏差度皆小于10%,含量大于3 g/t以上偏差值则小于2%,结合EDXRF法对检测样品无损伤的特点,提高了金矿中金含量检测的安全性、准确性和可靠性。

Tm,Ho：BaY2F8晶体光谱性能与能量传递

采用提拉法,生长钬铥双掺氟化钇钡[分子式:Tm3+,Ho3+∶BaY2F8,简称Tm,Ho∶BYF]激光晶体。工艺参数:拉速0.5 mm.h-1,转速5 r.min-1,冷却速率10℃.h-1。XRD表明:属于单斜晶系,空间群C12/m1。计算出晶格参数:a=0.69973 nm,b=1.05293 nm,c=0.427 84 nm,β=99.71°。测试了晶体的吸收及荧光光谱,同时计算了784 nm处吸收峰的半高宽、吸收系数及吸收截面,分别为3.2 nm,2.23 cm-1,7.44×10-21 cm2。该吸收峰对应于Tm3+离子从基态3H6到激发态3H4的跃迁。Tm,Ho∶BYF晶体在2.06μm附近有很强的荧光发射峰,在该荧光峰的发射截面和荧光寿命分别为4.96×10-21 cm2,10.1 ms。Tm3+→Ho3+的正向、反向能量转换系数之比是10.4。

外周天线色素分子间的能量传递

依据外周天线 LHCII的吸收光谱和解叠谱 ,将 LHCII中大量的色素分子分为 4类色素分子团 ,建立了色素分子团的能量传递模型 ,并分别在 436nm、480 nm激励光下 ,对它的荧光光谱进行了研究 ,436nm和 480 nm激励下的荧光光谱相比要弱 ,可能是由于 436nm激励下 ,受激的一部分色素分子的振动自由度比较大 ,产生了激发态到基态的无辐射内转换 ,使得能量传递几率降低 .同时也说明 。

内周天线CP43、CP47中β-Car到Chla分子间的能量传递

采用超快荧光光谱动力学对从菠菜中分离纯化的内周天线 CP43、CP47进行研究 ,获取了它们的动力学三维荧光谱 ,CP43的荧光光谱范围为 640～ 780 nm,最大峰位于 680 nm处 ,在该峰值处的荧光寿命约为 3.54ns;CP47的荧光光谱范围为 630～ 775nm,最大峰位于691 nm处 ,在该峰值处的荧光寿命约为 3.2 2 ns,在 CP43和 CP47中 ,Chla分子发射荧光的效率分别约为 38.3%和 40 .6% .依据分子的退激发途径 ,我们分析认为在 CP43、CP47中 β- Car→ Chla分子的能量传递速率常量分别为 9.0 6× 1 0 11s- 1,1 .3× 1 0 12 s- 1;能量传递效率分别为47.5%、66.5% ;并估计 β- Car分子与 Chla分子外周之间的距离分别为 0 .1 1 0 nm、0 .0 85nm.

掺杂稀土钒酸钇RE:YVO_4晶体荧光光谱性质的研究

采用Czochralski方法生长了透明均匀的含Tm3 + ,Er3 + ,Yb3 + 稀土离子的YVO4晶体 ,室温下测量了各晶体试样在 32 6和 6 5 8nm泵浦光激发下的荧光光谱 ,分析了不同掺杂浓度和稀土离子的各晶体试样中的荧光光谱性质 。

热释光探测器在脉冲硬X射线能谱测量中的应用

介绍了TLD-3500热释光读出器和GR-100M型热释光剂量片构成的探测器在脉冲硬X射线辐射参数测量中的应用。详细论述了采用滤波荧光法与热释光探测器相结合测量10～100keV的硬X射线能谱的物理思想,在综合考虑了测量环境的具体情况下,设计研制了硬X射线测量系统,建立了热释光探测器对硬X射线绝对能量响应的标定方法。该方法已成功用于脉冲辐射装置"强光1号"的测量,并得到了实测数据。

种群算法在能量色散X荧光重叠谱拟合中的应用

在能量色散X荧光光谱分析中,常用的闪烁探测器如NaⅠ(Tl)探测器的能量分辨率都不高,均在8%左右。能量分辨率低下往往对谱数据分析带来较大的难题,特别是在高本底低计数的情况下剥离仪器谱重叠峰会受到很大限制,越是重叠严重的峰越是无法剥离,进而无法分辨峰值和峰面积,更无法进一步对元素进行定性定量分析。为此,结合遗传算法和免疫算法的优势建立新的种群算法应用在重叠谱分析上,该算法以欧式距离为进化的判断依据,以最大相对相似误差值为迭代准则进行迭代。利用高斯函数模拟不同重叠程度的仪器谱图,将种群算法应用在重叠峰分离和全谱模拟中,峰道址偏差在±3道以内,峰面积偏差不超过5%,证明该方法在能量色散X荧光重叠谱分析中有较好的效果。

咔唑、蒽和苝的同时恒能量同步荧光法分析

建立了咔唑、蒽和苝的同时恒能量同步荧光分析法。对方法的优越性进行了比较说明。实验是在自制带恒能量扫描多功能荧光分光计上进行的。咔唑、蒽和苝的检测限分别为1ng/ml、0.8ng/ml和0.5ng/ml,相对标准偏差不大于4.4％。

基于DSP技术的多道核脉冲幅度分析器的设计

介绍以DSP2407芯片为核心,采用专用峰值幅度采样保持电路,根据输入信号上升沿及峰值信息进行分析的多道核脉冲幅度分析器系统的原理和硬件结构。在合金分析及同位素密度成像系统中,采用本脉冲幅度分析器进行高速数据采集,取得了满意的效果。也可适用于其他核脉冲信号峰值幅度分析的场合。

乙醇-水团簇分子发射荧光的机理研究(英文)

利用含时密度泛函理论分别计算了乙醇分子、水分子、以及乙醇和水形成的新团簇分子的基态和激发态能级,得出了各自吸收光能量和光波长的理论极限值;利用分析化学的理论分析了链式的乙醇-水团簇分子的特殊结构,得到了基态团簇分子间形成碰撞复合物的结论;利用量子力学的态叠加原理和量子化学的轨道理论,并结合Hckel近似对该复合物的能级和对应波函数进行了计算和推导,从而解释了乙醇-水溶液能吸收较长波长的光并发射荧光的机理.

X荧光能谱法快速分析钛合金中锡元素

分析研究了钛合金的能量色散X射线荧光光谱,使用XRF-6型X射线荧光能谱仪对钛合金中锡元素进行了测定分析,结果表明X射线荧光能谱可有效的解决钛合金中锡元素的快速分析问题。锡元素的Kα特征射线能量值为25.193KeV,Kβ特征射线能量值为28.601KeV,通过与基体钛元素特征射线能量值的对比可以实现钛合金中锡元素的快速定性及定量分析。

增强UV-B辐射对植物光能传递过程的影响

为探讨增强的紫外线-B(280～315nm)辐射对光合作用原初光能传递的光物理过程的影响,对菠菜类囊体膜及光系统II的吸收光谱、稳态荧光发射谱进行了分析.结果显示在实验条件下(温室,紫外线-B施加于植物成熟期,紫外线-B剂量1.152kJ·m-2·d-1),增强紫外线-B辐射并没有抑制原初光能传递过程,植物通过一系列调节机制(增强吸收短波光色素的吸收强度,调节两个光系统间能量分配,变化光合系统中色素蛋白构象、位置)保证了原初光能传递的光物理过程,将能量传递到反应中心用于光合作用.