Automated X-ray defect inspection of occluded objects has been an essential topic in semiconductors,autonomous vehicles,and artificial intelligence devices.However,there are few solutions to segment occluded objects i...Automated X-ray defect inspection of occluded objects has been an essential topic in semiconductors,autonomous vehicles,and artificial intelligence devices.However,there are few solutions to segment occluded objects in the X-ray inspection efficiently.In particular,in the Ball Grid Array inspection of X-ray images,it is difficult to accurately segment the regions of occluded solder balls and detect defects inside solder balls.In this paper,we present a novel automatic inspection algorithm that segments solder balls,and detects defects fast and efficiently when solder balls are occluded.The proposed algorithm consists of two stages.In the first stage,the defective candidates or defects are determined through the following four steps:(i)image preprocessing such as noise removal,contrast enhancement,binarization,connected component,and morphology,(ii)limiting the inspec-tion area to the ball regions and determining if the ball regions are occluded,(iii)segmenting each ball region into one or more regions with similar gray values,and(iv)determining whether there are defects or defective candidates in the regions using a weighted sum of local threshold on local variance.If there are defective candidates,the determination of defects is finally made in the following stage.In the second stage,defects are detected using the automated inspection technique based on oblique computed tomography.The 3D precision inspection process is divided into four steps:(i)obtaining 360 projection images(one image per degree)rotating the object from 0 to 360 degrees,(ii)reconstructing a 3D image from the 360 projected images,(iii)finding the center slice of gravity for solder balls from the axial slice images in the z-direction,and getting the inspection intervals between the upper bound and the lower bound from the center slice,and(iv)finally determining whether there are defects in the averaged image of solder balls.The proposed hybrid algorithm is robust for segmenting the defects inside occluded solder balls,and improves the performance of solder ball segmentation and defect detection algorithm.Experimental results show an accuracy of more than 97%.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the feasibility of ultrasonic diagnosis for monitoring fracture healing. Methods:Thirty rabbit models with fraction of mandible body were established by surgically removing partial lower jawbo...Objective:To investigate the feasibility of ultrasonic diagnosis for monitoring fracture healing. Methods:Thirty rabbit models with fraction of mandible body were established by surgically removing partial lower jawbone.At the 1st,2nd,4th,6th,8th and 12th week after the operation, they were examined by X-ray and ultrasound,respectively.All detection results were scored according to a generally accepted standard.Spearman rank correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the results of the two inspection methods.Results:In each healing stage,the results of the ultrasonic inspection were basically consistent with those of the X-ray examination,as supported by a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.892(P【0.001). Conclusions:Non-invasive ultrasonic inspection can be used instead of X-ray examination to monitor and diagnose fracture healing.展开更多
This paper rejuvenates the notion of conformance testing in order to assess the security of networks. It leverages the Testing and Test Control Notation Version 3 (TTCN-3) by applying it to a redefined notion of <i...This paper rejuvenates the notion of conformance testing in order to assess the security of networks. It leverages the Testing and Test Control Notation Version 3 (TTCN-3) by applying it to a redefined notion of <i>System under Test</i> (<i>SUT</i>). Instead of testing, as it is classically done, a software/firmware/ hardware element, an intangible object, namely the network, is tested in order to infer some of its security properties. After a brief introduction of TTCN-3 and Titan, its compilation and execution environment, a couple of use cases are provided to illustrate the feasibility of the approach. The pros and cons of using TTCN-3 to implement a scalable and flexible network testing environment are discussed.展开更多
China vigorously develops seed industry to ensure seed and food security Chinese President Xi Jinping reiterated the importance of the seed industry and stressed the crucial role of “Chinese seeds” in ensuring the c...China vigorously develops seed industry to ensure seed and food security Chinese President Xi Jinping reiterated the importance of the seed industry and stressed the crucial role of “Chinese seeds” in ensuring the country’s food security during an inspection of the Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory in Sanya, south China’s Hainan Province, on April 10.展开更多
针对X光安检图像在危险品检测时背景复杂、遮挡严重、尺度多变等问题,对YOLOv7算法进行了改进,在提高检测精度的同时使网络更加轻量化。首先构建PS-ELAN模块替换原主干网络中的ELAN模块,减少网络计算量和内存占用,同时提升网络的特征提...针对X光安检图像在危险品检测时背景复杂、遮挡严重、尺度多变等问题,对YOLOv7算法进行了改进,在提高检测精度的同时使网络更加轻量化。首先构建PS-ELAN模块替换原主干网络中的ELAN模块,减少网络计算量和内存占用,同时提升网络的特征提取能力。其次将无参注意力机制SimAM与可变形卷积DCNv2融合至颈部网络的下采样阶段,提高网络对X光图像危险品关键特征的捕捉能力。最后引入Dynamic Head模块,增强检测头的尺度感知、空间感知和任务感知,提高网络的检测性能。实验结果表明,改进后的算法在自制数据集和CLCXray数据集上的平均精度均值(mean average precision,mAP)比原YOLOv7模型分别提高了4.7个百分点和1.2个百分点,参数量和计算量分别下降了16.2%和23.1%。改进后的算法提高了检测能力,同时更为轻量化,可在实际安检中起到很好的辅助作用。展开更多
文摘Automated X-ray defect inspection of occluded objects has been an essential topic in semiconductors,autonomous vehicles,and artificial intelligence devices.However,there are few solutions to segment occluded objects in the X-ray inspection efficiently.In particular,in the Ball Grid Array inspection of X-ray images,it is difficult to accurately segment the regions of occluded solder balls and detect defects inside solder balls.In this paper,we present a novel automatic inspection algorithm that segments solder balls,and detects defects fast and efficiently when solder balls are occluded.The proposed algorithm consists of two stages.In the first stage,the defective candidates or defects are determined through the following four steps:(i)image preprocessing such as noise removal,contrast enhancement,binarization,connected component,and morphology,(ii)limiting the inspec-tion area to the ball regions and determining if the ball regions are occluded,(iii)segmenting each ball region into one or more regions with similar gray values,and(iv)determining whether there are defects or defective candidates in the regions using a weighted sum of local threshold on local variance.If there are defective candidates,the determination of defects is finally made in the following stage.In the second stage,defects are detected using the automated inspection technique based on oblique computed tomography.The 3D precision inspection process is divided into four steps:(i)obtaining 360 projection images(one image per degree)rotating the object from 0 to 360 degrees,(ii)reconstructing a 3D image from the 360 projected images,(iii)finding the center slice of gravity for solder balls from the axial slice images in the z-direction,and getting the inspection intervals between the upper bound and the lower bound from the center slice,and(iv)finally determining whether there are defects in the averaged image of solder balls.The proposed hybrid algorithm is robust for segmenting the defects inside occluded solder balls,and improves the performance of solder ball segmentation and defect detection algorithm.Experimental results show an accuracy of more than 97%.
基金Supported by the Research and Development Project of Scientific and Technological Industry of Guangdong Province(2011B080701053)
文摘Objective:To investigate the feasibility of ultrasonic diagnosis for monitoring fracture healing. Methods:Thirty rabbit models with fraction of mandible body were established by surgically removing partial lower jawbone.At the 1st,2nd,4th,6th,8th and 12th week after the operation, they were examined by X-ray and ultrasound,respectively.All detection results were scored according to a generally accepted standard.Spearman rank correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between the results of the two inspection methods.Results:In each healing stage,the results of the ultrasonic inspection were basically consistent with those of the X-ray examination,as supported by a Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.892(P【0.001). Conclusions:Non-invasive ultrasonic inspection can be used instead of X-ray examination to monitor and diagnose fracture healing.
文摘This paper rejuvenates the notion of conformance testing in order to assess the security of networks. It leverages the Testing and Test Control Notation Version 3 (TTCN-3) by applying it to a redefined notion of <i>System under Test</i> (<i>SUT</i>). Instead of testing, as it is classically done, a software/firmware/ hardware element, an intangible object, namely the network, is tested in order to infer some of its security properties. After a brief introduction of TTCN-3 and Titan, its compilation and execution environment, a couple of use cases are provided to illustrate the feasibility of the approach. The pros and cons of using TTCN-3 to implement a scalable and flexible network testing environment are discussed.
文摘China vigorously develops seed industry to ensure seed and food security Chinese President Xi Jinping reiterated the importance of the seed industry and stressed the crucial role of “Chinese seeds” in ensuring the country’s food security during an inspection of the Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory in Sanya, south China’s Hainan Province, on April 10.
文摘针对X光安检图像在危险品检测时背景复杂、遮挡严重、尺度多变等问题,对YOLOv7算法进行了改进,在提高检测精度的同时使网络更加轻量化。首先构建PS-ELAN模块替换原主干网络中的ELAN模块,减少网络计算量和内存占用,同时提升网络的特征提取能力。其次将无参注意力机制SimAM与可变形卷积DCNv2融合至颈部网络的下采样阶段,提高网络对X光图像危险品关键特征的捕捉能力。最后引入Dynamic Head模块,增强检测头的尺度感知、空间感知和任务感知,提高网络的检测性能。实验结果表明,改进后的算法在自制数据集和CLCXray数据集上的平均精度均值(mean average precision,mAP)比原YOLOv7模型分别提高了4.7个百分点和1.2个百分点,参数量和计算量分别下降了16.2%和23.1%。改进后的算法提高了检测能力,同时更为轻量化,可在实际安检中起到很好的辅助作用。
