NON-INVASIVE IMAGING OF CORONARY ARTERY WITH 16-SLICE SPIRAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

To evaluate the value of 16-slice spiral CT in the demonstration of coronary artery and in the diagnose of coronary artery stenosis. Methods Plain and enhanced CT scans were performed with a 16-slice CT scanner (Sensation 16, Siemens, Germany) in 230 patients with suspected coronary heart disease (CHD). Parameters of the plain scan were: 120 kV, 133 mA, slice col-limation 16 mm×1.5 mm, rotation time 0.42 seconds, increment 1.5 mm, and slice width 3 mm. Parameters of the enhanced scan were: 120 kV, 500 mA, slice collimation 16 mm×0.75 mm, rotation time 0.42 seconds, increment 0.5 mm, and slice width 1 mm. Enhanced CT scan was performed with a rapid intravenous injection of 100 mL iothalamate meglumine (Ultravist) (370 mgI/mL) or Omnipaque (350 mgI/mL) and 30 mL 0.9% NaCl chaser bolus at a flow rate of 3.5 mL/s. Calcium scoring with plain scan images and two and three dimensional reconstruction with enhanced scan images were made in all cases, among which 30 cases underwent conventional coronary angiography. Demonstration of coronary arteries and their stenosis were evaluated and the factors that might influence the image quality were analyzed. Results Coronary calcium scores were calculated and coronary artery was demonstrated in our study. In the evaluationof image quality with volume rendering technique (VRT) images, 78.3% of the images were of the first class, 12.2% the sec-ond class, and 9.6% the third class. Multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) and maximal intensity projection (MIP) were better than VRT in the demonstration of small branches. The image quality was related to the heart rate, with or without arrhythmia, and breath-hold ability of patients. Comparative study of the stenosis of coronary arteries in 30 cases showed that the sensi-tivity and specificity of 16-slice coronary CT angiography (CTA) to diagnose significant stenosis were 95.8% and 94.8% resp-ectively. Conclusion As a non-invasive and quick method, 16-slice coronary CTA is sensitive and specific to diagnose the stenosis of coronary arteries and can be used as a screening method in the diagnosis of CHD.

3D Reconstruction with Spiral Computed Tomography in Choroidal Osteoma

Choroidal osteoma (CO) is a rare, ossifying benign tumor originated in the choroid that typically occurs in otherwise healthy young women (1,2). It is characterized by a yellowish, well demarcated lesion in the juxtapapillary or macular area. The diagnosis is clinical and can be confirmed with the use of fluorescein or indocyanine angiography, optical coherence tomography, computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Choroidal neovascularization or subretinal fluid, the main causes for vision loss, can be treated with laser therapy, photodynamic therapy or intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy. We present a case of choroidal osteoma, showing the role of the high resolution 3D spiral computed tomography.

Noninvasive Detection of Coronary Artery Stenosis Using 16-slice Spiral CT: a Comparison with Selective X-ray Coronary Angiography

The role of 16-slice spiral CT was selective X-ray coronary angiography （SCA） who were suspected of having coronary heart evaluated in the diagnosis of coronary stenosis, with serving as the reference standard. Sixty-five patients disease, without percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary bypass-grafting, were investigated using 16-slice CT. Eight patients with pre-scan heart rate of more than 80 beats/min were given β-blockers. After the retrospectively ECG-gated axial imaging reconstruction, volume redering （VR）, multi-planar reconstruction （MPR）, curved MPR and maximum intensity projection （MIP） were used to reconstruct. Every segment of coronary artery with a diameter ≥1.5 mm was assessed, and the presence on CT with a stenosis exceeding 50 % diameter reduction was compared with that on SCA. The reasons which lead to some segments unevaluable were analysed. Compared with SCA, 93 % coronary segments and 94 % main branches were evaluable. Residual cardiac motion artifacts, severe calcification and poor opacification made 58 %, 28 % and 14 % of the remaining 60 segments unevaluable respectively. Without routine administration of β-blockers, good coronary imaging quality can be acquired using 16-slice spiral CT. It is a reliable noninvasive method for detection of obstructive coronary artery disease.

Feasibility and Diagnostic Accuracy for Assessment of Coronary Artery Stenosis of Prospectively Electrocardiogram-gated High-pitch Spiral Acquisition Mode Dual-source CT Coronary Angiography in Patients with Relatively Higher Heart Rates: in Comparison wit

Objective To prospectively investigate the diagnostic accuracy for coronary artery stenosis of prospectively electrocardiogram-triggered spiral acquisition mode (high pitch mode) dual-source computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) in patients with relatively higher heart rates (HR) compared with catheter coronary angiography (CCA). Methods Forty-seven consecutive patients with relatively higher HR (>65 and <100 bpm) (20 male, 27 female; age 55±10 years) who both underwent dual-source CTCA and CCA were prospectively included in this study. All patients were performed CTCA using high pitch mode setting at 20%-30% of the R-R interval for the image acquisition. All coronary segments were evaluated by two blinded and independent observers with regard to image quality on a three-point scale (1: excellent to 3: non-diagnostic) and for the presence of significant coronary stenoses (defined as diameter narrowing exceeding 50%). Considered CCA as the standard of reference, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated. Radiation dose values were calculated using the dose-length product. Results Image quality was rated as being score 1 in 92.4% of segments, score 2 in 6.1% of segmentsand score 3 in 1.5% of segments. The average image quality score per segment was 1.064±0.306. The HR variability of patients with image score 1, 2 and 3 were 2.29±1.06 bpm, 5.17±1.37 bpm, 8.88±1.53 bpm, respectively. The average HR variability of patients with different image scores were significantly different (F=170.402, P=0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 92.6%, 97.0%, 87.6%, 98.3%, respectively, per segment and 90.0%, 95.2%, 85.3%, 96.9%, respectively, per vessel and 100%, 63.6%, 90.0%, 100%, respectively, per patient. The effective radiation dose was on average 0.86±0.16 mSv. Conclusion In patients with HR more than 65 bpm and below 100 bpm without cardiac arrhythmia, the prospectively electrocardiogram-gated high-pitch spiral acquisition mode with image acquired timing set at 20%-30% of the R-R interval provides a high diagnostic accuracy for the assessment of coronary stenoses combined with a 1.5% of non-diagnostic coronary segments and a radiation dose below 1 mSv.

Multislice spiral CT angiography in evaluation of liver transplantation candidates

BACKGROUND: Orthotopic liver transplantation has be- come the treatment of choice for patients with end-stage liver disease. This study was designed to study whether multislice spiral CT angiography (MSCTA) could be used for preoperative evaluation for orthotopic liver transplanta- tion candidates. METHODS: Eighty consecutive potential candidates for liver transplantation were evaluated with dual-phase three-di- mensional CT angiography (3DCTA). The arterial-phase was used to create vascular maps of the celiac axis (inclu- ding the origin of the hepatic common artery, left gastric artery and splenic artery) and origin of the superior mesen- teric artery. The portal venous-phase was used to analyze portal vein thrombosis and collateral vascularization of the portal vein. Statistical analyses were made using the chi- square test for differences between hepatic arterial anatomy of 80 patients and Michel's anatomy of 200 patients. Appearance of MSCTA and operative results of 16 patients were analyzed. RESULTS; Sixty-two patients (77.5%) showed conven- tional and 18 (22.5%) nonconventional hepatic arterial anatomy. A significant difference was found between the two groups in anatomy of the hepatic artery (P <0.05). Celiac axis stenosis was observed in 6 patients, SA aneu- rysm in 2, small-caliber hepatic arterial vessels in 2, and portal vein thrombosis in 15. Vascular structures of 16 ope- rative patients were well defined. CONCLUSION: As a noninvasive examination, MSCTA can provide a comprehensive preoperative vascular evalua- tion for liver transplantation candidates.

0D-1D coupling model and 3D fluid-structure interaction model based on coronary CT angiography for displaying hemodynamic characteristics of coronary artery stenosis

Objective To observe value of 0D-1D coupling model and 3D fluid-structure interaction(FSI)model based on coronary CT angiography(CCTA)for displaying hemodynamic characteristics of coronary artery stenosis.Methods Based on CCTA data of the stenosed left anterior descending branch(LAD)in a patient with coronary heart disease,an 0D-1D coupling model and 3D FSI model were built,respectively.Then hemodynamic characteristic indexes,including the pressure,flow velocity and wall shear stress(WSS)were obtained in every 0.01 s during 1 s at 5 sampling points(i.e.sampling point 1—5)using these 2 models,respectively,and the consistencies of the results between models were evaluated with Spearman correlation coefficient r s.Results The time consuming for construction of 0D-1D coupling model and 3D FSI model was 0.033 min and 704 min,respectively.Both models showed basically distribution of the pressure,flow velocity and WSS of the stenosed LAD.For more details,the pressure at the stenosed segment of LAD and the proximal segment of stenosis were both higher,which gradually decreased at the distal segment of stenosis,and the flow velocity at the proximal segment of stenosis was in a relatively slow and uniform condition,with significantly increased flow velocity and WSS at the stenosed segment.Compared with 3D FSI model,0D-1D vascular coupling model was relatively unrefined and lack of distal flow lines when displaying blood flow velocity.For sampling point 2 at the stenosed segment of LAD,no significant consistency for pressure between 2 models was found(P=0.118),but strong consistency for the flow velocity and WSS(r s=0.730,0.807,both P<0.05).The consistencies of pressure,flow velocity and WSS between 2 models at the proximal and distal segment of stenosis,i.e.1,3—5 sampling points were week to moderate(r s=0.237—0.669,all P<0.05).Conclusion 0D-1D coupling model exhibited outstanding computational efficiency and might provide relatively reasonable results,while 3D FSI model showed higher accuracy for details and streamline when simulating LAD stenosis.

Role of Early Arterial Phase Multislice Helical CT Angiography in Evaluation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the clinical application of early arterial phase multislice CT angiog raphy (MSCTA) of hepatic vessels in evaluation of middle or advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Trigger Bolus program was used to carry out MSCTA in early and late arterial phases and portal vein phase with single breath holding. Hepatic vessels were reconstructed from the original images of early arterial phase by post processing. The blood supply of tumor and normal liver tissue and the appearances of venous thrombosis and arteriovenous shunts were analyzed. Results: The MSCTA with early arterial phase could perfectly display the origin, shape and amount of feeding vessels to normal liver tissue and tumor in middle or advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma. It had the ability of displaying the arteriovenous shunts better than that in conventional dual phased liver scanning. Conclusion: MSCTA of hepatic vessels with early arterial phase acquisition using multislice helical CT in middle or advance stage hepatocellular carcinoma has favorable and promising application. It can be used as an imaging method for comprehensive assessment of the hepatocellular carcinoma before treatment.

Preoperative assessment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma:combination of cholangiography and CT angiography

BACKGROUND: Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is one of the most difficult carcinomas to manage because of the location of the main tumor at the hepatic hilus and the complex anatomy of the biliary, arterial, and portal systems. To plan an operation, it is important to acquire accurate information about the relationship between hilar cholangiocarcinoma and adjacent vessels. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical value of cholangiography combined with spiral CT three-dimensional (3D) angiography for a preoperative assessment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: From March 2007 to August 2009, cholangiography was performed in 13 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Meanwhile, contrast-enhanced abdominal scanning was performed using 16-slice spiral CT, and the 3D images of the hepatic artery and portal vein were acquired. The level and range of invasion of the hepatic artery, the portal vein, and the bile duct, the preoperative Bismuth classification, and T-staging were recorded and compared with those after surgical exploration. RESULTS: The hepatic artery and portal vein were reconstructed successfully in all these patients. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography was performed in 9 patients, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in 1, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in 3. The CT angiography records of invasion of the hepatic artery were consistent with the results of explorations in these patients. The data from 5 of the 13 patients were consistent with those on invasion of the portal vein. The results of the Bismuth classification and the T-staging system were consistent with those of surgical exploration in 12 of the 13 patients. Seven of 8 patients who were estimated to be suitable for operation based on images were curatively treated and 5 who were judged to be unsuitable for curative operation by cholangiography and CT angiography were confirmed intraoperatively and underwent palliative procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Cholangiography combined with multi-slice spiral 3D CT angiography can satisfactorily delineate the local invasion of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and accurately evaluate the resectability. This approach, therefore, contributes to the planning of safe operation. (Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2010; 9: 186-191)

Evaluation of spiral CT imaging in the diagnosis of the primary ureteral carcinoma

Objective: To explore the characteristics of the primary ureteral carcinoma (PUC) and discuss the value of spiral CT (SCT) in the diagnosis of PUC. Methods: The SCT findings of the primary ureteral carcinoma in 16 cases were analyzed and compared with the histopathological diagnosis and staging. Results: The transverse diameters of the lesions were 1.0–2.1 cm, and the longitudinal lengths were 1.5–15.2 cm. There were no statistically significant differences (P>0.1) in diam- eters and lengths among the low staging group (pT0–T2) and the high staging group (pT3–T4). The average CT value of the lesions was 43 HU on plain scanning, and 73 HU on CE scanning. The increment was 30 HU. The lesions were clearer on CE scanning. Curved planar reconstruction (CPR) could show the entire course of the urinary tract. Among 6 cases of pT3 stage, CT gave a correct diagnosis in 1 case. For 2 cases of pT4 stage, CT gave correct diagnoses in both cases. Conclusion: The carcinomatous lesions spread along the ureter. The longitudinal length of each lesion is longer than its transverse diameter. Tumor cannot be staged merely according to its diameter and length. CT is difficult to differentiate stage T0–T3, while for stage T4, CT diagnosis is accurate. Contrast enhancement CT scanning has the confirming and differentiating roles. CPR offers direct and easy observing images for clinical doctors.

Different therapeutic proportion of patients undergone coronary angiography in the era of development in MSCT

Objective To study the different therapeutic proportion of the patient populations undergone coronary angiography(CAG)in the era of development in multislice spiral computed tomography(MSCT).Methods Two hundred and fifty four consecutive patients(mean age 59.24±10.65),who underwent CAG at Daxing Hospital from February 2007 through October 2007,were enrolled,160 patients were male and 94 were female.By evaluating from the coronary angiogram,the patients were not diagnosed to have coronary heart disease(CHD)with less than 50%diameter stenosis of coronary artery;the patients to have CHD with more than or equal to 50%stenosis of coronary artery;the patients were performed the procedure of percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)with more than or equal to 70%stenosis;the patients were proposed to have coronary aortic bypass graft(CABG)surgery with left main coronary artery lesions or diffuse triple coronary artery lesions.Results In the 254 consecutive patients,59 patients(23.2%)had not been diagnosed to have CHD;195(76.8%)to have CHD,of these patients with CHD,49 patients(19.3%)were not indicated for PCI(including the patients receiving follow-up coronary angiography after stenting),81(31.9%)had been performed the procedure of stent implantation,57(22.4%)proposed to have CABG,8(3.1%)the procedure of PCI had not been successful,or had not been performed because of patients opposing to this therapy.Conclusion Multislice spiral computed tomography can be applied as a non-invasive screening tool to exclude the presence of CHD,to increase the positive proportion of the populations with CHD in all patients receiving coronary angiograhpy,to avoid the use of CAG in a subset of patients.

The value of CT pulmonary angiography to the diagnosis of right ventricular dysfunction due to acute pulmonary embolism:compared with ultrasonographic cardiography

To analyze the value of CT pulmonary angiography（CTPA） in assessing right ventdcular dysfunction（RVD） after acute pulmonary embolism. Methods：Thirty-six patients with CTPA-confirmed PE who underwent ultrasonic cardiography（UCG） within the ensuing 24 hours were retrospectively reviewed. According to the severity of the disease, the patients were divided into the massive PE group（24 cases） and non-massive PE group（12 cases） respectively. CT scans were analyzed for findings suggestive of RVD. Scans were considered positive for RVD if the right ventricle was dilated（RVd/LVd 〉 1） or if the interventricular septum was straightened or deviated towards the left ventricle. Results were then compared with the results of UCG to estimate the value of CTPA in detecting RVD associated with PE, Results：In all cases, compared with UCG, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CTPA was 84.61%, 78.26%, 3.892, 0.197, 68.75% and 90% respectively. Kappa value was 0.60, which suggested moderate agreement between CTPA and UCG in the whole level. In the massive PE group, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, positive predictive value, negative predictive value of CTPA was 84.61%, 72.73%, 3.103, 0.212, 78.57% and 80% respectively. Kappa value was 0.58, which suggested moderate agreement between CTPA and UCG in the massive PE group. In the non-massive PE group, the diagnostic specificity of CTPA was 83.33%. By statistics, the value of RVd/LVd had significant difference between the massive PE and the non-massive PE group. Conclusion：CTPA can reliably detect RVD through the evaluation of cardiac morphology. However, this result requires confirmation using a larger prospective cohort study.

The dynamic study of the pulmonary artery obstruction degree and the right ventricular function in massive pulmonary embolism on CT pulmonary angiography

Objective： To analyze the value of CTPA in assessing the dissolve of embolus and the function of the right ventricle dynamically. Methods：Twenty-three cases of massive pulmonary embolism were analyzed retrospectively. The pulmonary artery obstruction index and the right ventricular function parameters were collected and analyzed on CTPA before thrombolytic therapy, 24 hours and 14 days after therapy, respectively. Results：The pulmonary artery obstruction index decreased gradually, and there was significant difference before therapy, 24 hours and 2 weeks after therapy. Twenty-four hours after therapy, the maximal short axes diameter and the maximal transverse area of right ventricle（RVd, RV~） decreased significantly, the maximal short axes diameter and the maximal transverse area of left ventricle（LVd, LVs） increased significantly, and the RVd/LVd, RVs/LVS decreased apparently. The pulmonary artery symbolic pressure before and 24 hours after therapy were apparently different. There was no significant difference between azygos vein, the super vena cava, the main pulmonary artery and vein reflux before and after therapy. Conclusion：CTPA can evaluate the pulmonary artery obstruction degree and right ventricular function dynamically.

CT及磁共振血管成像诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值

目的分析CT血管成像(computed tomography angiography,CTA)、磁共振血管成像(magnetic resonance angiography,MRA)诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值。方法选取2020年6月-2023年1月广西贵港市人民医院90例疑似颅内动脉瘤患者,均接受CAT及MRA检查,将数字减影血管成像(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)或手术病理学检查结果作为金标准,比较两种方法检出情况、测量颅内动脉瘤瘤体直径与瘤颈宽度、对比不同大小的颅内动脉瘤检出情况,分析两种方法单独及联合诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值。结果90例疑似颅内动脉瘤患者经CTA检查后诊出64例单发颅内动脉瘤,经MRA检查后诊出61例单发颅内动脉瘤,两种方法检出情况比较无明显差异(P>0.05);当瘤体<3 mm时CTA检出率93.33%高于MRA 60.00%(P<0.05);CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤的准确率83.33%、敏感度83.56%、特异度82.35%、Kappa值=0.548;MRA诊断颅内动脉瘤的准确率82.22%、敏感度80.82%、特异度88.24%、Kappa值=0.543;CTA联合MRA诊断颅内动脉瘤的准确率95.56%、敏感度95.89%、特异度94.12%、Kappa值=0.861。结论CTA与MRA均可用于诊断颅内动脉瘤,其中CTA可明显提高<3 mm的微小颅内动脉瘤诊出率,但联合应用时的敏感度更高。

冠状动脉CT血管造影及血清指标对冠心病冠状动脉狭窄程度的评价

目的:探讨冠状动脉CT血管造影(CCTA)及血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)、血管生成素样蛋白3(ANGPTL3)对冠心病冠状动脉狭窄程度的评价。方法:选取2022年7月至2023年3月河北省胸科医院诊治的102例冠心病患者,按照冠状动脉狭窄程度积分(Gensini积分)情况将其分为轻度组(0分≤Gensini积分≤20分)、中度组(20分<Gensini积分≤60分)及重度组(Gensini积分>60分),每组34例。对比3组患者冠状动脉最小管腔直径(MLD)、狭窄面积百分比(%AS)、狭窄直径百分比(%DS)、最小管腔面积(MLA)、Lp-PLA2及ANGPTL3,根据受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,预测冠状动脉狭窄程度的诊断效能。结果:重度组MLA、MLD低于中度组和轻度组,而%AS、%DS高于中度组和轻度组,差异有统计学意义(t=6.905、4.083、5.871、6.976、3.387、2.198、2.668、3.505,P<0.05)。重度组Lp-PLA2、ANGPTL3高于中度组和轻度组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.164、8.220、2.575、3.050,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,MLA、MLD、%AS、%DS、CCTA综合参数、LpPLA2以及ANGPTL3预测冠状动脉狭窄程度的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.838、0.690、0.742、0.801、0.904、0.808和0.807。灵敏度分别为91.20%、91.20%、64.70%、94.10%、97.10%、70.60%和88.20%;特异度分别为76.50%、57.40%、75.00%、50.00%、70.60%、97.10%和70.60%。CCTA综合参数的AUC分别高于LpPLA2和ANGPTL3,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:CCTA及血清Lp-PLA2、ANGPTL3评估冠心病冠状动脉狭窄程度均具有一定效能,且CCTA的预测效能更高。

老年非典型肺栓塞误诊为肺炎原因分析

目的探讨老年非典型肺栓塞的临床特点、误诊原因及防范措施。方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2023年1月收治的曾误诊为肺炎的老年非典型肺栓塞10例的临床资料。结果10例临床主要表现为胸痛、气促、发热和呼吸困难等症状,其中3例肺部可闻及干啰音,3例肺部听诊可闻及湿啰音。10例胸部X线和(或)CT检查皆提示肺部感染,均被误诊为肺炎。误诊时间3~9 d。10例按误诊疾病给予相应治疗病情反复或持续加重。后均经CT肺动脉造影检查确诊为非典型肺栓塞,给予抗凝、溶栓治疗后均病情好转出院。结论老年非典型肺栓塞患者临床表现无特异性,且大多数患病初期无典型症状,临床和影像学表现同肺炎具有较高重合度,极易误诊。临床上遇及胸闷、呼吸困难且治疗无明显效果的患者,需筛除非典型肺栓塞后,再对患者病情进行诊断,以尽量减少或避免误诊误治。

多层螺旋计算机断层扫描肺动脉造影成像参数对急性肺动脉栓塞危险分层的评估价值

目的探讨多层螺旋计算机断层扫描(CT)肺动脉造影成像参数对急性肺动脉栓塞危险分层的评估价值。方法以2018年1月至2022年12月河南中医药大学第一附属医院收治的185例急性肺动脉栓塞患者为研究对象,根据其危险分层分为中低危组、中高危组、高危组,分别为77、64、44例。统计3组一般资料,比较3组多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影成像影像学表现及造影成像参数。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影成像参数单独及联合诊断高危急性肺动脉栓塞的价值。结果中高危组、高危组累及肺动脉、累及肺叶动脉患者占比高于中低危组(P<0.05);高危组累及肺段动脉占比高于中高危组和中低危组,中高危组高于中低危组(P<0.05)。高危组主肺动脉(PA)/胸主动脉(AO)、上腔静脉直径(SVC)、右心室短轴直径(RVD)/左心室短轴直径(LVD)高于中高危组和中低危组,中高危组高于中低危组(P<0.05)。PA/AO、SVC、RVD/LVD联合诊断的曲线下面积(AUC)值高于三者单独诊断(P<0.05);PA/AO及联合诊断的敏感度高于SVC、RVD/LVD,联合诊断的敏感度高于PA/AO(P<0.05);SVC、RVD/LVD及联合诊断的特异度高于PA/AO(P<0.05)。结论不同危险分层急性肺动脉栓塞患者多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影成像影像学表现及多层螺旋CT肺动脉造影成像PA/AO、SVC、RVD/LVD具有明显差异,PA/AO、SVC、RVD/LVD联合对高危急性肺动脉栓塞患者的诊断价值较好。

多层螺旋CT血管造影对急性主动脉综合征的诊断和影像学特征

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影(MSCTA)对急性主动脉综合征(AAS)的诊断及影像学特征。方法:选取2020年6月至2022年7月于阜阳市人民医院诊治的185例疑似AAS患者,在确诊前予以多层螺旋CT(MSCT)平扫、MSCTA检查,以数字血管减影(DSA)诊断结果为“金标准”,采用四格表法计算MSCT平扫,MSCTA的阳性、阴性预测值,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析MSCT平扫、MSCTA诊断AAS的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)值、灵敏度及特异度。结果:在185例疑似AAS患者中,以DSA诊断结果为“金标准”确诊82例为急性主动脉综合征;经MSCT平扫检查后,其阳性预测值为68.35%,阴性预测值为73.58%;经MSCTA检测后,阳性预测值为96.30%,阴性预测值为96.15%。MSCTA的诊断确诊率(178/185)高于MSCT平扫(132/185),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=42.092,P<0.05)。MSCTA的破口位置(升主动脉、主动脉弓及降主动脉)的检出率高于MSCT平扫,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.788、4.000、12.974,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,MSCT平扫、MSCTA诊断AAS的AUC值分别为0.698和0.946。结论:MSCTA诊断AAS具有较高的效能,且AAS多见于主动脉夹层分离和主动脉壁间血肿。

64排螺旋CT血管造影在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者介入治疗中的应用研究

目的:分析64排螺旋CT血管造影在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者的诊断效能及介入治疗后进行筛查的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2020年7月至2022年6月北京怀柔医院收治的76例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者,所有患者均行64排螺旋CT血管造影,并以数字减影血管造影检查动脉狭窄结果为“金标准”,分析下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者动脉狭窄度、诊断效能,以及介入治疗后动脉再狭窄情况。结果:76例患者共有1238个动脉结节,64排螺旋CT血管造影结果中有1170个动脉结节与数字减影血管造影一致,一致率为94.51%,其中64排螺旋CT血管造影高估率为4.44%(55/1238),低估率为0.57%(7/1238);以“金标准”为对比,动脉狭窄中度以上准确率为91.84%,灵敏度为86.91%,特异度为93.86%,阳性预测值85.25%,阴性预测值84.61%,64排螺旋CT诊断血管造影动脉闭塞准确率为98.38%,灵敏度为85.71%,特异度为99.56%,阳性预测值94.74%,阴性预测值98.69%;76例患者经介入治疗随访1年后,经64排螺旋CT血管造影检查再狭窄率为13.16%(10/76),共有168个血管结节,64排螺旋CT血管造影诊断符合率为97.62%(164/168)。结论:采用64排螺旋CT血管造影检查可评估下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者下肢动脉闭塞程度,具有良好的诊断效能,与数字减影血管造影有较高的一致性,有助于治疗方案的制定,且对介入治疗后再狭窄的诊断也有良好的应用价值。

MSCT不同扫描模式对冠状动脉CT血管造影检查中影像质量与辐射剂量的关系影响研究

目的:研究冠状动脉CT血管造影(CCTA)轴位扫描和螺旋扫描中影像质量与辐射剂量的关系。方法:回顾性选取2021年7月至2022年1月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院行CCTA检查的60例患者,按扫描模式不同将其分为轴位扫描组和螺旋扫描组,每组30例。分析两种扫描模式的影像质量、辐射剂量、检查过程平均心率、对中度及以上冠状动脉狭窄(狭窄程度≥50%)的诊断价值及患者满意度。结果:轴位扫描组和螺旋扫描组患者的CCTA影像质量优良率分别为96.67%(29/30)、93.33%(28/30),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。轴位扫描组剂量-长度乘积(DLP)、容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)、有效剂量(ED)均低于螺旋扫描组,差异有统计学意义(t=180.637、30.945、368.414,P<0.05);两组患者检查过程中的平均心率、不同心率下DLP、ED比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。以数字减影血管造影检查为“金标准”,轴位扫描组诊断灵敏度、特异度、准确率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值均高于螺旋扫描组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.140、12.830、13.340、9.350、14.450,P<0.05)。轴位扫描组患者CCTA影像检查模式的患者扫描过程体验满意度为93.33%(28/30)高于螺旋扫描组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.455,P<0.05)。结论:CCTA轴位扫描影像质量的客观评价、诊断价值、患者满意度高于螺旋扫描模式,辐射剂量低于螺旋扫描模式。CCTA需依据患者心率及冠状动脉狭窄程度等实际情况选用合理的扫描模式。

CT冠状动脉成像中钙化斑块特征对血管狭窄诊断结果的影响

【目的】探讨CT冠状动脉成像中钙化斑块特征对血管狭窄诊断结果的影响。【方法】本院收治的102例存在钙化斑块的冠心病患者作为观察组,另选取本院同期接受治疗的80例无钙化斑块的冠心病患者为对照组。所有患者均行CT冠状动脉成像和数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查钙化斑块特征,分析不同程度斑块钙化对CT冠脉造影诊断血管狭窄程度的影响。【结果】观察组102例有钙化斑块的冠心病患者中,共189处出现狭窄情况,其中由非钙化斑块引起的狭窄54处,轻中度钙化斑块引起的狭窄78处,重度钙化斑块引起的狭窄57处。CT冠脉造影诊断结果对于非钙化斑块的诊断与DSA诊断的一致性高(Kappa=0.904,P<0.05),对轻中度钙化斑块与DSA诊断一致性较高(Kappa=0.822,P<0.05),对重度斑块与DSA诊断一致性一般(Kappa=0.541,P<0.05)。对照组80例患者,经DSA诊断,共98处发生狭窄,其中53处为不明显狭窄,45处为明显狭窄。CT冠脉造影与DSA诊断结果一致性较高(Kappa=0.979,P<0.05)。轻中度钙化斑块与重度钙化斑块的灵敏度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);轻中度、重度钙化斑块诊断的特异性和准确率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。【结论】在钙化斑块存在的情况下,CT冠脉造影诊断血管狭窄的敏感性较高,特异性较低,且重度钙化斑块存在对特异性的影响较为严重。