Afforestation Technique of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge.

We conducted the study on afforestation technique of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. in combination with ecological environment features of Fuxian County in Shaanxi Province. Results show that it is proper to adopt "sunny gentle slope+fish-scale pit+planting on ridges after dipping mud+stumping in autumn" for afforestation of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. in the Loess Plateau. It is expected that our study can play a significant role in guiding popularization of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. in the northwest of China.

Evaluation of biodiesel from Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge seed kernel oil from 13 areas in China

Oil content from seed kernels of Xanthoceras sorbifolia from 13 areas in China was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to determine oil characteristics and biodiesel properties. The seeds had a high kernel percentage (53.67%± 7.51), oil content (52.21%± 4.01), and biodiesel yield (99.77%± 0.21). Among the fatty acids in the oil were high percentages of linoleic acid (41.66 ± 2.26)% and oleic acid (28.44%± 2.03). Most of the fuel properties complied well with the ASTM D6751-10, EN 14214-08, and GB/T 20828-2014 standards. The 13 sampling areas were grouped into four clusters based on different kernel percentage, oil content, biodiesel yield, and fatty acid composition. The results showed that the quality of kernel oils from seeds from Ar Horqin Banner was the best, although kernel oils from seeds in all 13 areas were suitable for biodiesel production. This study provides a basis for selecting optimal sites to harvest seeds from X. sorbifolia.

文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia bunge)无性繁殖技术总结

该文综述了近年来文冠果的扦插繁殖、嫁接繁殖、组织培养等繁殖技术方面的研究,并分析现有的技术途径的效果,期望对文冠果的种植推广提供依据。

文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia)研究进展

综述了文冠果 (XanthocerassorbifoliaBunge .)的落花落果、雄性不育、遗传变异、快繁及药用等方面的研究进展。认为造成文冠果“千花一果”的生理原因可能在于树体营养不足 ;导致雄性不育的主要原因可能在于花药难以开裂散粉 ,其次才是花粉败育 ;文冠果花瓣等突变体的发现及体细胞胚培养成功 ,为优选、快繁新品种及研究木本植物的各个器官的形态建成分子机理等提供了条件 ,但文冠果的资源在逐年减少 ,有待尽快加以保护和利用 ;

A Novel Protoilludane Sesquiterpene from the Wood of Xanthoceras sorbifolia

A protoilludane sesquiterpene (named xanthocerapene) was isolated from the wood of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. Its structure, including the relative configuration was established by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Identification of superior clones by RAPD technology in Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bge.

It is very important to select and identify superior Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bge. trees for purposes of breeding and exploration. For our study, we selected superior X. sorbifolia trees using RAPD （random amplification of polymorphic DNA） technology. The results show that certain specific amplification bands emerged with significantly different frequencies between superior and non-superior trees. The 1400-bp band of No. 2121 primer emerged in the superior trees at a frequency 2.4 times that of the non-superior trees and the 600-bp band of No. 2153 primer in the non-superior trees at a frequency 2.5 times that of the superior trees There were very significant differences between the superior and non-superior trees. The frequency of the 1600-bp band of No. 1161 primer was the same in both kinds of trees, but significant differences were observed in point frequency （the frequency of the superior trees is 1,4 times that of the non-superior trees）. These bands can be used as important targets to distinguish between superior and non-superior trees. The use of a combination of amplified bands simultaneously can play a guiding role in the selection of superior X. sorbifolia trees.

文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bge)的花粉及其生活力的研究

文冠果是我国特有的树种,解放以前不受重视,解放以来已发展为我国北方的一种木木油料植物。大面积栽培文冠果,由于文冠果结果率低,产量提高受到限制。因此,探明文冠果结果率不高的原因是发展文冠果的当务之急。本试验研究了文冠果花粉发芽的条件,给文冠果授粉,受精的研究和生产上微量元素的应用提供一些基础资料。文冠果是杂性花,除个别崎形发育的植株上着生雌雄蕊都退化的重瓣花以外。

Pistil Development in 2 Types of Flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia

In order to investigate flower development and female abortion during sex differentiation of Xanthoceras sorbifolia, anatomical observations and comparative study on differential proteins were carried out in different developmental stages of two types of flowers of this species. It was found that the selective abortion happened in male flower before the formation of megasporo- cyte. Special proteins related to the female abortion were found through 2-dimensional electrophoretic analysis. Protein A1 (14.2 kD) only existed in florescence of male flower, while B1 (13.7 kD) and B2 (18.2 kD) disappeared in that stage of male flower. They were all considered to be relative to pistil abortion of Xanthoceras sorbifolia.

A Study on the Pyrolytic Characteristics of Xanthoceras Sorbifolia Husk and Its Crude Cellulose Extract

Huge amounts of Xanthoceras sorbifolia husks(XSH)are typically discarded after oil extraction.Since pyrolysis represents a promising solution to harness the bio-energy of XSH,in the present work the pyrolytic and kinetic characteristics of XSH and related crude cellulose extract(CCE)were studied considering different rates of heating(10,30 and 50℃ min^(-1)).The pyrolysis activation energy,pre-exponential factors and mechanism function were computed using different models namely Popescu,FWO(Flynn-Wall-Ozawa)and KAS(Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose).The pyrolysis process was articulated into three stages:dehydration(Stage I),primary devolatilization(Stage II),residual decomposition(Stage III).Marked variations in the average activation energy,thermal stability,final residuals and rate of reaction were noted.Stage II of XSH and CCE could be described by the Avramic-Erofeev equations.The average activation energies of XSH and CCE were found to be 269 and 296 kJ mol^(-1),respectively.

Advances in Research of Cutting Breeding Technology of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge

Cutting breeding is an important method of asexual reproduction of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge.At present,it has been found that the factors influencing the cuttings of X.sorbifolium mainly include cutting material type,substrate type,cutting season,cutting material length and thickness,mother tree age,cutting material pretreatment method,hormone species concentration and soaking time.Besides,different regions,control conditions,and germplasm types have different cutting rooting rates.This paper introduced some of the problems in the cuttings of X.sorbifolium,and came up with some recommendations to provide a reference for the future research and technical promotion of X.sorbifolium cuttings.

不同产地文冠果籽特性及其籽油理化指标差异分析

目的研究不同产地文冠果种子特性及籽油的脂肪酸组成。方法从全国11个省(区)收集21份文冠果材料,对其形态特征和种仁含油率等指标进行测定,进一步采用CO_(2)超临界萃取技术提取文冠果籽油,利用气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)检测其脂肪酸组成及相对含量。结果不同产地文冠果种子的横径和纵径差异不大,但千粒重、种仁重和种仁出油率有显著差异。其中,山东省临沂市所产的文冠果种仁含油量为最高,达50.49%。文冠果籽油中共检测出棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸、二十碳一烯酸、芥酸和神经酸7种脂肪酸。不同产地籽油中单不饱和脂肪酸含量在35.06%~55.96%之间,多不饱和脂肪酸在32.60%~64.64%之间,不饱和脂肪酸含量差异显著。结论文冠果籽油中不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,还含有少见的功能性神经酸,是营养价值很高的一种木本油料作物。综合分析种子形态和脂肪酸组成,发现内蒙古赤峰和山东临沂地区的文冠果种子千粒重、种仁出油率和不饱和脂肪酸含量高于其他地区,品质较优。

基于LF-2D-NMR的文冠果含水含油率检测方法

文冠果的含水、含油率的高低影响其育种及加工储藏结果。为探求一种无损、快速、准确的文冠果含水含油率检测方法,该研究分别采用干取样法结合低场核磁共振技术(low field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)、低场二维核磁共振技术(low field two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-2D-NMR)两种试验方式进行数据采集。通过系列试验确定两种技术在检测文冠果含水含油率的可行性。结果表明:与国标法测试结果相比,LF-NMR结合干取样法采集获取的数据异常,并且由于LF-NMR无法区分重叠峰信号,无法解释产生异常变化的原因,故该方法不适用于文冠果含油含水率的检测;LF-2D-NMR能够定性分析一维波谱中信号重叠无法区分组分的问题,成功解释了干取样法结合LF-NMR数据异常的原因。同时,LF-2D-NMR测得的文冠果T_(1)-T_(2)谱峰面积与烘箱干燥法及索氏提取法获取的水油含量之间存在显著的线性相关性,经与真值验证过后的决定系数R_2分别为0.920 9和0.942 4,可以用于文冠果含水含油率的定量分析。该研究拓展了低场核磁共振技术的理论认知深度,提高检测精度及在实际生产中的指导价值。

Fe_(3)O_(4)@CuMOF催化文冠果油制备生物柴油的研究

金属有机框架(MOFs)材料的高表面积、结构稳定性和可调功能使其成为制备生物柴油的理想催化剂。本文通过溶剂热法制备磁性Fe_(3)O_(4)@Cu MOF催化剂,利用傅里叶红外变换光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸脱附(BET)、热重分析(TG)等手段对催化剂的微观结构和热稳定性进行表征,并应用于文冠果油制备生物柴油的反应中。结果表明:Fe_(3)O_(4)@Cu MOF催化剂表面粗糙多孔,比表面积为206.239 m^(2)/g,平均孔径为6.64 nm,属于介孔材料。Fe_(3)O_(4)@Cu MOF的饱和磁化强度为12.6 emu/g,易分离回收。当催化剂用量为3 wt%、醇油摩尔比为20∶1、反应温度为60℃、反应时间为2 h时,生物柴油产率最高,为75.0%。Fe_(3)O_(4)@Cu MOF循环使用5次后,其催化生物柴油的产率仍能达到69.25%。

不同地区文冠果种仁营养成分的差异性

对不同地区文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge)种仁营养成分进行差异性分析。以内蒙古翁牛特旗、阿鲁科尔沁旗和吉林白城市洮南市黑水镇、松原市长龙乡4个地区的文冠果为研究对象,采用主成分分析法对其种仁油脂含量、脂肪酸组分、蛋白质含量以及可溶性糖和淀粉含量进行分析。结果表明,不同地区文冠果种仁含油量、脂肪酸组分、蛋白质和可溶性糖均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),文冠果种子品质相关性受海拔、降水、土壤等外界因素影响较大。说明文冠果果仁油品质与其生长地理位置、生态环境相关,结果可为文冠果果仁油品质评价提供参考。

内蒙古中西部地区文冠果栽培与管理技术

文冠果作为我国特有的树种之一,具有极高的药用和食用价值。从种子处理、育苗地选择、育苗、水分管理及病虫害防治等方面介绍了内蒙古西部地区文冠果栽培管理技术,以期为内蒙古西部地区文冠果的大规模种植和工业化生产提供参考。

文冠果食药资源的开发与应用研究进展

文冠果是我国独有的珍贵木本类油料树种兼药用植物,在食品、医药、生态、人文等领域具有较大的研究价值和发展潜力。文冠果研究部位主要涉及到文冠果的种子、叶、花、果壳和茎木;化学成分主要包括蛋白质、脂肪酸、黄酮类、三萜类、植物甾醇和香豆素类;功能活性主要包括抗氧化及抑菌、抗肿瘤及抗病毒、改善记忆及神经保护、抗炎症、抗肥胖及降血脂、免疫调节等。由于文冠果种类差异大、野生种坐果率低、知名度小等原因,导致对文冠果的研究不深入、不全面,其资源没有得到较好的开发利用,目前国家大力支持木本油料发展,因此发展文冠果及其产业意义深远。文章综述了文冠果各部位的研究现状、化学成分、功能活性、在食品和医药方面的应用,以期为文冠果的研究、开发和应用提供参考。

超声处理对文冠果种粕蛋白结构及性质的影响

该研究采用超声辅助碱提酸沉法提取文冠果种粕蛋白,通过单因素试验研究了超声振幅、超声时间、pH等因素对文冠果种粕蛋白提取率的影响;系统分析了不同时间超声处理后文冠果种粕蛋白的结构及性质变化规律。结果显示,超声辅助法提取文冠果种粕蛋白质的最佳工艺为:超声振幅40%,超声时间9~15 min, pH值为11,提取温度45℃,该条件下文冠果种粕蛋白质提取率最大,其主要蛋白质分子质量为25、38 kDa。0~12 min超声处理使文冠果种粕蛋白粒径降低,净负电荷增加,亲水性增强。超声处理15 min时,文冠果种粕蛋白的溶解性达到最大值,为(81.37±1.61)%;该条件下文冠果种粕蛋白的发泡性、乳化性、持水性和持油性均达到最大值。综合考虑提取率和各功能性质,12~15 min超声处理可用于文冠果种粕蛋白提取及性质改善。研究结果可为文冠果种粕蛋白高效提取及性质改善提供参考依据。

文冠果花中具有抗AD活性三萜的定性与定量分析

目的建立UPLC-QTOF-MS法对文冠果花中8种三萜类化合物进行定性定量分析。方法采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm),以体积分数0.1%甲酸水为流动相A,乙腈为流动相B,梯度洗脱,流速0.4 mL·min^(-1),电喷雾离子源(ESI),在正、负离子模式下进行分析。结果通过与对照品的色谱和质谱数据进行比较,在文冠果花中共鉴定了8个三萜类化合物的结构;在同一实验条件下,可以完成8个组分的定量分析,方法学验证均符合要求,定量测定结果表明,与花(330.6μg·g^(-1))相比,花苞中三萜类化合物的含量较高(384.5μg·g^(-1))。结论所建立的UPLC-QTOF-MS方法适用于文冠果花中三萜类化合物的定性与定量分析,为文冠果花的合理应用和质量控制提供了理论依据。

Hypoglycemic activities of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and identification of anti-oxidant components by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging detection

Objective: To identify phytochemical constituents present in the extract of flowers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia and evaluate their anti-oxidant and anti-hyperglycemic capacities.Methods: The AlCl3colorimetric method and Prussian Blue assay were used to determine the contents of total flavonoids and total phenolic acids in extraction layers, and the bioactive layers was screened through anti-oxidative activity in vitro. The Waters ACQUITY UPLC system and a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18column(2.0 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) were used to identify the ingredients. And anti-oxidative ingredients were screened by off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging. The ameliorative role of it was further evaluated in a high-fat, streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rat model and the study was carried out on NADPH oxidase(PDB ID: 2CDU) by molecular docking.Results: Combined with the results of activity screening in vitro, the anti-oxidative part was identified as the ethyl acetate layer. A total of 24 chemical constituents were identified by liquid chromatographymass spectrometry in the ethyl acetate layer and 13 main anti-oxidative active constituents were preliminarily screened out through off-line UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-free radical scavenging. In vivo experiments showed that flowers of X. sorbifolia could significantly reduce the blood glucose level of diabetic mice and alleviate liver cell damage. Based on the results of docking analysis related to the identified phytocompounds and oxidase which involved in type 2 diabetes, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, and isoquercitrin showed a better inhibitory profile.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate layer was rich in flavonoids and phenolic acids and had significant anti-oxidant activity, which could prevent hyperglycemia. This observed activity profile suggested X. sorbifolia flowers as a promising new source of tea to develop alternative natural anti-diabetic products with a high safety margin.

文冠果基因组无内含子基因生物信息学分析

对文冠果无内含子基因在不同染色体上的分布特征进行分析,并且研究了复制关系、KEGG富集及环境响应相关基因启动子区域中的顺式作用元件。结果表明,从文冠果基因组中鉴定出1858个无内含子基因,占基因总数的7.40%。每条染色体上无内含子基因数量占染色体上基因总数的5.64%~9.07%,并且与该染色体长度及基因总数均存在正相关关系。基因染色体定位分析表明,无内含子基因更偏向分布于染色体的两端,而且超过90%的旁系同源对的K_(a)/K_(s)值小于1,说明文冠果无内含子基因在进化过程中主要经历纯化选择。无内含子基因的长度主要集中在201~1400 bp,而且平均长度明显短于总基因平均长度。KEGG富集分析表明,文冠果无内含子基因主要参与环境信息处理过程,并且在与环境胁迫响应相关基因的启动子区域发现大量与植物激素响应及胁迫响应相关的顺式作用元件。