The characteristics of oasis urban expansion and drive mechanism analysis:a case study on Ganzhou District in Hexi Corridor,China

Ganzhou District is an oasis city in the Zhangye Municipality of Gansu Province, China. Based on multi-temporal TM and ETM satellite remote sensing data in 1985, 1996, 2000, and 2012, and by using corrected figures of land use status over the same periods, the spatial area of Ganzhou District since 1985 was extracted with statistical methods, and urban spatial expansion was measured by quantitative research methods. The characteristics of spatial expansion of Ganzhou District were analyzed by urban expansion rate, expansion intensity index, compactness, fractal dimension, and the city center shift method. The results showed that the built-up area of Ganzhou District increased by 3.46 times during 1985-2012. The expansion in 1985 1996 was slow, during 1996 2000 it was rapid, and during 2000-2012 it was at a high speed. This city mainly expanded to the northeast and northwest. Government decision making had a decisive influence on urban expansion. Initially the expansion was uniform, but later the local tfansportation, economy, resources, population, and national policies factors had an obvious influence on urban expansion.

Spatiotemporal Evolution Characteristics of Urban Land Surface Temperature Based on Local Climate Zones in Xi’an Metropolitan,China

Local climate zones(LCZs)are an effective nexus linking internal urban structures to the local climate and have been widely used to study urban thermal environment.However,few studies considered how much the temperature changed due to LCZs transformation and their synergy.This paper quantified the change of urban land surface temperature(LST)in LCZs transformation process by combining the land use transfer matrix with zonal statistics method during 2000–2019 in the Xi’an metropolitan.The results show that,firstly,both LCZs and LST had significant spatiotemporal variations and synchrony.The period when the most LCZs were converted was also the LST rose the fastest,and the spatial growth of the LST coincided with the spatial expansion of the built type LCZs.Secondly,the LST difference between land cover type LCZs and built type LCZs gradually widened.And LST rose more in both built type LCZs transferred in and out.Finally,the Xi’an-Xianyang profile showed that the maximum temperature difference between the peaks and valleys of the LST increased by 4.39℃,indicating that localized high temperature phenomena and fluctuations in the urban thermal environment became more pronounced from 2000 to 2019.

A new approach towards the sustainability of urban-rural integration:The development strategy for central villages in the Abbasiya District of Iraq using GIS techniques

The development of rural areas usually has a positive impact on the urban-rural integration. This study explores an innovative approach to stimulate rural development by proposing qualified villages as central villages that can provide basic urban services for their residents and residents of neighboring villages. This approach can contribute to overcoming the various problems that rural areas faced at the social, economic, and environmental levels. It seeks to achieve spatial sustainability of rural areas, representing a new approach by integrating urban development methods to revitalize rural villages. The study analyzed 15 villages belonging to Abbasiya District of AL Kufa City in the Najaf Governorate of Iraq. Based on the GIS techniques and the analysis of urban service indicators(village population, percentage of urban building materials used in villages, distance between village and health centers, distance between village and main roads, nature of economic activity, distance between village and educational institutions, distance between village and drinking water sources, number of communication towers, and distance between village and urban administrative center), this study proposed that Abu Gharb and Albu Ghraib can served as central villages in Abbasiya District in the future. This study establishes a new rural spatial structure to achieve rural sustainable development, improves the development status of rural areas, and provides a theoretical basis for the government and relevant institutions to use urban service indicators, achieving rural sustainable development and formulating relevant development policies in Abbasiya District.

FACTORS AFFECTING FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN INDUSTRIAL DISTRICT IN CHINA──A Case Study

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Investigation of Vertical Planting in Urban Districts of Chongqing Municipality

Through investigating types,plant application,slope materials,soil,planting trough,auxiliary climbing facilities,and application of new technologies in vertical planting of urban districts in Chongqing Municipality,characteristics and existing problems of its vertical planting were analyzed,and corresponding suggestions given to provide references for vertical planting of mountainous cities.

Soundscape Design of Old Urban Residential Districts

This paper introduced the concept of soundscape, investigated sound environment of old urban residential districts, and explored soundscape elements and soundscape designs. In view of current sound environment features of old urban residential districts and different population groups' preferences for different sound elements, this paper proposed soundscape design methods to improve sound environment of old urban residential districts.

The Current Situation and Planning Strategy of Police Station Facilities in Megacities Under the Background of New Urbanization:A Case Study of Changping District in Beijing

In the process of new urbanization,the population of megacities is increasing rapidly,the scale of cities is expanding,and the supply of service facilities has been unable to meet the demand.As an important carrier of urban governance and urban management,the police station should properly deal with the existing problems in the urban police stations,and improve the quality of life of residents by optimizing urban service facilities,which is of great significance for the implementation of people-oriented new urbanization.Taking Changping District of Beijing as an example,this study pointed out that there were many problems in police stations in Changping District.For example,the area of land is not up to the standard,the service capacity is not up to the demand,and the facilities are not up to the demand.Then,three planning strategies:adjusting the planning standards of facilities,optimizing the spatial layout of facilities,and strengthening the later guarantee of facilities were put forward,so as to improve people’s satisfaction with life,promote the high-quality development of new urbanization,and provide reference for the supplement of service facilities in megacities.

Color Planning and Design of Main Urban Districts of Xuzhou City

Through investigating colors of Xuzhou City, combining with color planning practices in domestic and foreign cities, current colors and characteristics of main urban districts of Xuzhou City were analyzed, overall orientation and design concept of city color were explored, the overall framework of regional building colors and the zoning planning were proposed, to give new concepts for the future city color planning and design.

Measurement and Spatial Distribution of Urban Land Use Compactness in Chaoyang District of Beijing,China

China is in the process of rapid urbanization,and wise land use is critical to the long-term sustainability of Chinese cities.Promotion of a compact city is typically believed to be helpful for sustainable land use management.However,given the fact that Chinese cities are characterized by high population densities,the applicability of a more compact solution to expand cities in China remains questionable;there is little evidence to support the many claims in its favor.In seeking to provide empirical data to explore the application of compact city theory in China,one of the key problems researchers face is the task of measuring the urban compactness,in order to objectively investigate the current characteristics of urban compactness.To meet this need,indices were developed for measuring the urban land use compactness,by which the spatial distribution characteristics of urban land use compactness were identified and applied to the Chaoyang District of Beijing.The conclusions can be made as follows:(1) comprehensive land use compactness in Chaoyang District has increased during the period of 2001-2007,especially the population density;(2) the spatial distribution of land use compactness has the characteristics of a ring structure,which shows a decreasing trend with its distance to the city center;(3) there is a strong positive correlation between urban land use compactness and location.The better the location is,the higher the land use compactness is.

The Structure and Pattern of Urban Network in the Lanzhou-Xining Urban Agglomeration

In this paper,we use factor analysis to evaluate the urban comprehensive quality of each city in the Lanzhou-Xining(Lan-Xi)urban agglomeration.The time distance was obtained by using GIS spatial analysis,and the structure and pattern of the spatial network were analyzed by using the gravity model and social network analysis method.The results show that:1)The scale effect of the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration is gradually emerging,and it is gradually forming the urban agglomeration with Lanzhou and Xining as the core,the Lan-Xi high-speed railway as the axis,and a high-dense connection.2)Lanzhou and Xining are at the core of the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration,which has a strong attraction and spreads to neighboring cities.3)In the network structure of the Lan-Xi urban agglomeration,Lanzhou,Baiyin,Gaolan,Yuzhong,Yongdeng,Dingxi,Lintao,Xining,Ledu,Huangzhong,Ping’an,Minhe and Datong are located in the network core position,which have the superiority position and lead to the entire regional communication enhancement and the regional integration development.4)This urban agglomeration has significant subgroups,eight tertiary subgroups and four secondary subgroup;the tertiary subgroups which compose secondary subgroup have a close connection and mutually influence each other.5)The Lanzhou Metropolitan Area and the Xining Metropolitan Area have an important impact on the surrounding cities,and the peripheral cities are basically controlled by the central city.The Dingxi subgroup,Lintao-Linxia subgroup,Gonghe subgroup have more structural holes than the subgroups within the Lanzhou Metropolitan Area and the Xining Metropolitan Area,so the peripheral cities of these subgroups have relatively less connection with surrounding cities.

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CHINESE URBAN AGGLOMERATION DISTRICTS

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Optimization of Urban Land Use Structure Based on the Perspective of GMOP-GA——A Case Study of the Urban Districts of Hohhot

Taking the urban districts of Hohhot as the study area,using the classification data of land use change and relevant socio-economic statistical yearbook data in 2001-2016,taking the dual targets of economic-ecological and related constraint factors as the optimal decision of optimization of land use structure,using the Grey Multi-objective Programming( GMOP) and Genetic Algorithm( GA) to estimate the intervals of predictive threshold value of the factors and inequality constraint equations,and on the basis of it to designed two schemes for optimization of land use structure for the study area in 2030 and made them in comparison and optimization. The results show that in contrast to the primitive land use structure,the optimized scheme based on the economic-ecological comprehensive benefit is better than the current land use structure as the two aspects of the overall land output benefit and the scale combination of single type land use and the current land use structure.

ON THE DISCORDANT URBAN DEVELOPMENT IN XI’AN CITY

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IMPROVING THE EFFECT OF GREENING ON HEAT ISLAND IN URBAN RESIDENTIAL DISTRICTS BASED ON REMOTE SENSING AND GIS ANALYSIS

Analyzing the thermal distribution on plane conditions objectively is difficult due to lack of enough meteorological observation stations within urban residential areas. In this paper satellite observations synchronous or quasi-synchronous with ground observations are adopted, and a teleconnection model is built between the satellite spectral and surface temperature for quantitative retrieval of temperature. Furthermore, by combining the satellite data with other multiple factors, a GIS comprehensive analysis model and a functional evaluation method for urban residential districts are established, which are used to study the relation between the air temperature and media characteristics on ground as well as the greening cooling effect in recent years in Shanghai. The results show that the air temperature in greened urban residential districts is generally lower than the average temperature and much less than the highest one. In general,the average air temperature in the greened area is at most 1.19℃ lower than the maximum temperature in the districts,which is 0.67℃ and 0.55℃ lower than that of the highest for buildings and roads respectively. The temperature is inversely proportional with greening fraction but is directly proportional with the ratio of roads and buildings. The higher the greening fraction in internal residential districts, the lower the temperature, and the higher the ratio of road and building is, the higher the temperature.

Factors Influencing the Shallow Groundwater Quality in Four Districts with Different Characteristics in Urban Area (Douala, Cameroon)

This study examines groundwater samples from four areas under different conditions. Variations amongst the areas are due to the distinct topography, demographics, and socio-economic activities. A qualification of the groundwater using the following parameters;pH, electric conductivity and nitrate analysis yielded results depicting the deplorable state of the unconfined aquifer;which is even worst in the densely populated and low-lying areas. These unfavorable conditions are present in the older districts (Bependa and Ndogbong) compared to the younger and least populated (urbanized) districts (Ndogpassi and Logpom). The poor quality of groundwater could be due to contamination by sewage from latrines and surface discharges. Nevertheless, nitrate contents (>241 mg/l) in these districts indicate that pollution has not reached the alarming levels observed in other West African cities (nitrates > 400 mg/l). Relatively low concentrations of nitrate in groundwater of the studied areas could be due to volatilization phenomena common in the unconfined aquifers in Douala. We however remarked that most of the studied wells are not used as drinking water, because they present particular health risks to humans.

Land Use Change in Hongta District in Yuxi City, China Based on Archived Landsat Data of the Past 30 Years

Urban expansion, which has affected ecosystem functioning and services at local to global scale, is projected to have aggravating impacts on landscape in the future. A detailed study on spatiotemporal patterns of Hongta District in Yuxi City over a relatively long timeframe was conducted using multi-temporal Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI data of 1987-2017 associated with Geographic Information System techniques and landscape analysis approaches. Results showed that sealed surfaces (urban area) have expanded from 1.4% to 11.8%, with an annually increasing rate of 7.63%. Trees, farm areas and barren lands all underwent a slight reduction during this time period, whereby 23.8% of farms and 9.8% of bare lands transferred into sealed surfaces. Focusing on the urban expansion pattern, it presents a uninuclear polarizing polygon mode illustrating the urbanization sprawl over time to all directions. The greatest expansions are seen in NNE and SSE direction, mainly because of the topographic constraints. A trade-off between urbanization and sustainable development is under investigation by reclaiming barren soil at the mountain range to transfer farming areas from low altitude plains to make way for urban growth.

Assessing Urban Parks of District 13 of Mashhad Municipality

Due to the shortage and poor distribution of per capita green space in the city of Mashhad, this descriptive-analytic research emphasized on practical aspects and information collection based on field survey. This study was carried out using SPSS of version 19 (SPSS: the name of a family of computer software that is used for statistical analysis). To study the status of each research component, one sample T-Test was used and for comparison and ranking of research components in all regions and each region, Friedman test was applied. Accordingly, after identifying the parks in district 13 of Mashhad Municipality, six indicators of beauty, security, access, distribution-dispersion, area-scope were prioritized, examined, and analyzed. According to the results of one sample T-Test, the average of beauty component is more than the mean 5. On the other hand, significance level of this component is less than 0.05. According to this average and significance level of the test, it can be concluded with a confidence of over 95% that the status of beauty index is desirable. According to the results of Friedman test in all areas of district 13 of Mashhad Municipality, indexes of beauty, distribution-dispersion, and security are of utmost importance. As well, indexes of access (transportation), available facilities, and area-scope were respectively placed in the fourth to sixth position.

Planning and Layout Strategies of Urban Institution Pension Service Facilities under the Background of Aging Society: A Case Study of the Main Urban District of Xuzhou City

China has entered an aging society, and the contradiction between the social pension needs rapidly growing in the city and the lagged pension business is increasingly outstanding. By analyzing the amount, development level, type, structure, and space distribution of the institutional pension facility in main urban district of Xuzhou City, this paper has summed up the main problems. Combining the estimation on the number of the elders and pension bed, coordination and planning of institutional pension facility in the research zone are conducted from three aspects: distribution guidance, principle of locating and differentiation configuration, to promote the construction of pension agency and impel the development of pension business in Xuzhou City.

The Impact of Urban Renewal on Public Service Facilities in Shenzhen during Inventory Development Stage:An Empirical Analysis of Futian District

As the material carrier of social service industry,public service facilities are important indicators to measure human settlement.With the continuous deepening of inventory development practice,urban renewal has gradually become one of the sources of supply of public service facilities.Focusing on the urban renewal activities of Futian District,Shenzhen from 2010 to 2016,the study conducts an empirical study on the pattern of public service facility networks before and after urban renewal through social network analysis.The fi ndings show that:①on the whole,the public service system in Futian District has been effectively improved during urban renewal development;②the impact of urban renewal on public service system is characterized by differentiation,among which industrial and commercial facilities have been signifi cantly improved,while educational and medical facilities have been hardly improved;③urban renewal has a clear policy orientation as an institutional means,and promoting economic restructuring and industrial reorganization is still the primary purpose of urban renewal during inventory development stage.

Construction of Xi'an ecological old-age care community in the new urbanization

The new urbanization is an important carrier of ecological civilization construction, and ecological old-age care is the concrete manifestation of the perfect combination of the two, the proper meaning of the new urbanization connotation and an inevitable trend of its development. Based on the analysis of the connotation and relationship between the new urbanization and ecological old-age care, together with the current situation and existing problems of the current nursing institutions and ecological old-age care in Xi'an area, this paper discusses the major issues that should be noticed when constructing the ecological old-age care community in Xi'an and three main construction modes.