Review: Hu Houxuan, "Xia and the Tu State in the Oracle Inscriptions: A Consideration" Gudai Chengbang Shi Yanjiu (Studies on Ancient City States) Renmin Press, 1989, Pp. 340-353.

This article verified that the Tu state mentioned in the oracle inscriptions was the Xia people after the Xia Dynasty had been conquered by Tang, the first king of the Shang Dynasty m c.a. 16th century B.C. The state of Xia, which originated from Yu, was entitled "Xia Hou"; its king was hence called "Xia Hou Di" (Emperor of Xia Hou), e.g."Xia Hou Di Qi". The Xia people, together with the Yin (Shang) people, and the Zhou people, were the so-called "people of San Dai" (Three Dynasties). As mentioned in "Lunyu, Bayi", they founded the states, with the Xia people being associated with the pine, the Yin people with the cypress, and the Zhou people with the chestnut.

Effect of salinity on the growth, and agar yield and composition of Gracilaria tenuistipitata var liui Zhang et Xia

Gracilaria tenuistipitata varliui Zhang et Xia is cultivated at two different salinities (21, 33) in the laboratory for 4 weeks. The daily growth rate is determined. The total agar yield and fractional agar composition are analyzed. Results show that algae grow faster in low salinity. The total agar yield is higher under high salinity conditions than under low salinity conditions. Among the eight fractions extracted, the yields of cold water extract and 40% ethanol extract are about the highest. In low salinities the yields of autoclaved extract and 60% ethanol extract are higher, while the yield of cold water extract is lower relative to high salinities.

From Xia People to Han People and to Chinese Nation——A Study of the Trajectory of the Cohesion and Integration of Chinese Ethnic Groups

Building multiethnic China was primarily driven by the cohesion and integration of main ethnic groups within Chinese territory, but the process was recorded according to traditional ethnic group discourse system of ancient China, so there is some doubt whether “nation state” theory can interpret it precisely. This paper manages to figure out the trajectory of cohesion and integration of main ethnic groups propelled by ancient Chinese people from the Xia Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty by focusing on traditional views on ethnic groups of ancient China. This paper contend that although there were the phenomena of naming the products of the integrations after the regimes they belonged to,“Han people,”“Hua people” and even “Zhonghua(Chinese) people,” became the designations of main cohesive ethnic groups in China over time, and the concept of “Chen Min(subjects)” and the appearance of “nationals” that developed during the Qing Dynasty successfully transformed their identity, which Liang Qichao referred to as “Chinese nation”. Efforts by the rulers of the Qing Dynasty to bridge the gaps between different ethnic groups by developing a community of “subjects”(Chenmin), produced the concept of “Chinese nation” which included the various ethnic groups with the “Han people” as the main group. This new community merely represents the present-day cohesion of the Chinese Nation and the internal integration continues.

Xia'men Attaches Great Importance to International Comferences --An Interview towards Huang Ling,Vice Mayor of Xia'men

Reporter: We are delighted to be given an opportunity to interview Madam Huang when China Expo Forum for International Cooperation (CEFCO) is approaching. Mayor Huang, would you please offer an introduction to exhibition development in Xia’men?

夏县疗1井逸出He异常探讨

1997年8月以来,夏县疗1井共出现4次大幅度的逸出He高值异常。本文通过对观测井周围地质构造概况、冷、热水井的分布、地下水开采及补给、周围用水井的抽水试验分析,认为逸出He的高值异常与地下水开采关系不大,而与山西中南部及晋陕豫交界地区中等地震活动有很好的对应关系。

Experimental study of“Tong Xia”purgative method in ameliorating lung injury in acute necrotizing pancreatitis

AIM To investigate the role of tumor necrosisfactor(TNF)in lung injury during acutenecrotizing pancreatitis(ANP),and thetherapeutic effect of'Tong Xia'purgativemethod in minimizing the severity of lung injury.METHODS Fourteen canines were randomlydivided into 3 groups:the'Tong Xia'treatmentgroup(n = 5)using Dachengqitang;salinecontrol group(n = 5),and the sham operationgroup(n = 4).TNF activity in serum and inbronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),the serumendotoxin levels were measured,and theseverity of lung injury evaluated.RESULTS Elevation of TNF activity was moreprominent in BALF than in serum.TNF activity inserum at 6 and 12 hours and in BALI:wassignificantly decreased in the'Tong Xia'treatment group than in the saline control one(q=21.11,q=12.07,q=9.03,respectively,P【0.01)and the lung injury was significantlyalleviated at 12 hours as compared with that inthe saline group,manifested as amelioration otthe lung wet/ dry weight ratio,decrease inprotein concentration and neutrophils count inBALF,and improvement of pulmonaryinflammatory changes.A positive correlationwas demonstrated between serum TNF activity and endotoxin level.CONCLUSION Hypersecretion of TNF is shownto be one of the major causes of lung injuryduring ANP;'Tong Xia'purgative method couldalleviate the degree of lung injury mediated byTNF.

Review of the Studies on the Anti-Tumoral Effect of <i>Prunella vulgaris</i>

Prunella vulgaris (PV) is a herb which grows widely around the world. It is used in traditional medicine in different continents worldwide. This article reviewed the research studies in the last three decades about the use of this herb in the treatment of cancer. Specifically, this study concentrates on the scientific in-vitro methods used, as the in-vitro methods were the most preferred methods used in the past. Cell viability/apoptosis, migration, anti-oxidative activities, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were the features which most of the research focused. The aim of this article was to summarize on what molecular mechanisms, which these previous research found responsible for the anti-tumoral effect of PV. The assays to investigate the aforementioned items were organized and displayed, including the proteomic methods which study the underlying molecular mechanisms. By categorizing and organizing these methods, the directions and emphases taken by the research efforts were revealed.

STITCHING RICHES--A businesswoman’s dedication to empowering village women

Xia Hua describes her work as enabling urban people to learn about remote mountainous areas, helping the future decipher the past and inspiring the world to understand Chinese aesthetics. Xia is chair of Eve Group, a fashion company that produces haute couture garments for men. She also founded the Remote Mountain Bazaar, a regular marketplace showcasing fashion products inspired by Chinese ethnic cultures.

Cuan Di Xia Village:A Rural Arcadia in Beijing's Suburb

In November 2003, Cuan Di Xia in the western suburb of Beijing was officially proclaimed as “historical and cultural village”. So far, ten towns and twelve villages across the country have been granted the honor and Cuan Di Xia is the only one in Beijing.

Characterization of a novel variant of the second domain of bikunin with increased leukocyte elastase inhibitory activity

The light chain of inter-α inhibitor, also known as bikunin or urinary trypsin inhibitor, is composed of two tandemly arranged Kunitz-type protease inhibitor domains. The second domain of bikunin has factor Xa inhibitory activity which previously was enhanced by mutating two amino acids, glutamine 19 and tyrosine 46 to lysine and aspartate, respectively. In this study, we tried to potentiate its inhibitory activity against leukocyte elastase. A molecular docking model of the second domain of bikunin with leukocyte elastase revealed that P5 arginine 11 was a candidate residue for a third substitution. We generated six triple point mutants using site-directed mutagenesis, compared their leukocyte elastase-inhibitory activities, and selected the most potent variant with arginine 11 substituted to serine. The IC50 values for factor XIa, factor Xa, and leukocyte elastase were 182, 302, and 273 nM, respectively. Moreover, this triple point mutant prolonged the activated partial thromboplastin time and moderately reduced leukocyte elastase-induced endothelial injury. Additionally, favorable conformations created by these mutations were speculated using the structure of the Kunitz protease inhibitor domain of protease nexin 2 complexed with factor XIa as a reference. We discovered a novel triple point mutant of the second domain of bikunin that has potent inhibitory activities against factor XIa, factor Xa, and leukocyte elastase. This variant exhibited anticoagulant activity in plasma and suppressed endothelial cell injury.

Xia Xiaocao:Life Devoted to Violin

With a violin in hand, you have toured the whole world. With a long bow in hand, you play the violin like a swordswoman. Wherever you are, Scandinavia, Carnegie Hall or Florida, You have interpreted Chinese stories with touching melodies. And unfolded a magni cent picture of Chinese landscape. You said the violin is your closest friend. Whenever you feel lonely or delighted, It is with you together, listening to you talking and talking with you. Music melts in your blood and time passes through violin bows. In changes of seasons, only the golden violin has accompanied you.

Xia Hua Brand Colour TV

The Xia Hua Overseas Chinese Electronics Enterprise Co. Ltd. (XOCCO) is a Chinese-foreign joint venture specializing in colour TV and audio equipment. The company has six automatic production lines, making color TV sets, both standard and standard meeting with that of different countries.

Vice President Xia Guohong Visited U. S. INTEL Corporation

Mr. Xia Guohong, Vice President of China Aerospace Corporation (CASC), headed the space delegation together with Mr. Zhang Xianghai, Chief Economist of the State Administration of Taxation, PRC, to visit the Intel Corp. headquarters in Santa Clara, California and its facilities and Distribution Center in Chandler, Arizona from Feb. 25, 1996 at the invitation of Mr. Robert W. Reed, Senior Vice President & General Manager, Semiconductor Products Group, Intel Corp. During the visit, both sides held high level review meetings to discuss the cooperation in the Golden Tax Module Project, particularly about the

渤海■虎鱼类的生物学调查——关于区系分布与生态学基础的研究

虾虎鱼类Ｇｏｂｉｏｉｄｅｉ是包括弹涂鱼科Ｐｅｒｉｏｐｈｔｈａｌｍｉｄａｅ、鳗虾虎鱼科Ｔａｅｎｉｏｉｄｉｄａｅ等在内的一群小型鱼类。全世界计有约１７２０种左右，全国有１６１种海水虾虎鱼类，其中有２０种分布于渤海，这次调查共采到１９种，其中有２种系黄海边缘分布，为渤海首次记录。本文报告了虾虎鱼类在渤海水域的名录，分布和生态学特征，分析了它们在渤海生态系中的作用。

无机氮浓度及其配比对细基江蓠繁枝变型生长及生化组成的影响

在实验室条件下分别研究了NO3--N和NH4+-N浓度及其配比对细基江蓠繁枝变型(Gracilariatenuistipitatavar.liuiZhangetXia)生长及生化组成的影响。结果表明,过低的NO3--N浓度(0,10μmol/L)或过高的NO3--N浓度(60,80μmol/L)、过低的NH4+-N浓度(0,2.5μmol/L)或过高的NH4+-N浓度(10,20,40μmol/L)、过低的NH4+-N/NO3--N比值(1/35,1/7)或过高的NH4+-N/NO3--N比值(3/7,4/7)条件下,江蓠均表现为生长速率明显减慢(P<0.05)、藻体内藻红素(PE)、叶绿素a、蛋白质含量显著降低(P<0.05);而分别在NO3--N20μmol/L、NH4+-N5μmol/L、NH4+-N/NO3--N2/7(TIN20mol/L)的条件下,江蓠可获得最快生长速率和最高的PE、叶绿素a、蛋白质含量以及最低的碳水化合物/蛋白质比值。

细基江蓠繁枝变型对水体硝态氮变化的生理响应

通过静态模拟实验,比较研究了6个硝态氮(NO3--N)摩尔浓度水平(0,10,20,40,60,80μmol/L)下培养的细基江蓠繁枝变型(Gracilariatenuistipitatavar.liuiZhangetXia)的丙二醛(MDA)、游离脯氨酸含量以及硝酸还原酶(NR)、超氧化物酶歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化。结果表明,随着水体NO3--N摩尔浓度的逐渐增加,细基江蓠繁枝变型NR、SOD和POD的活性均呈现先增加后下降的显著变化(P<0.05),膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量随水体NO3--N摩尔浓度的变化则呈相反的趋势(P<0.05);游离脯氨酸含量则与水体NO3--N摩尔浓度呈正相关(r=0.9161)。综合分析结果认为,单独以硝态氮为氮源时,20μmol/L的供氮水平能使细基江蓠繁枝变型处于相对最佳的生理状态。

斑尾复鰕虎鱼的生物学研究

斑尾复鰕虎鱼系沿海及河口的习见种类,矛尾复鰕虎鱼为它的同物异名。该鱼属底栖肉食性鱼类,主要以小鱼和小虾蟹为食。在繁殖期间产两次卵,属多次产卵类型,产卵后不久死亡,寿命为壹年。斑尾复鰕虎鱼为鰕虎鱼科中的大型种类,其体长和体重的相关关系式为:W=0.01739^(2.827?),生长方程为:L_t=41.24[1-e^(-0.0?(t+0.0?45?)],W_t=606.15[1?e^(-0.0?(t+0.0645?)]^(2.8?),体重生长拐点 t_r=11.5(月龄)离拐点处体重为 176.5克。本文分析了斑尾复鰕虎鱼在养虾业中的危害情况,并探讨其资源的发展。

黄鳍刺鰕虎鱼(Acanthogobius flavimanu)前期幼鱼摄食习性和摄食率的初步研究

对 1997年 5月莱州湾潍河口采集的黄鳍刺虎鱼前期幼鱼进行消化道内含物分析。结果表明黄鳍刺虎鱼前期幼鱼为浮游动物食性 ,主要摄食镖蚤类、短尾类幼体、猛蚤类和甲壳类的六肢幼体。摄食有明显的节律 ,清晨消化道内含物最多 ,傍晚最少。摄食的种类随昼夜不同时间有一定的变化。摄食率 :C=9.2 52 8g/ (10 0 g· BW· d) ;日摄食量 :FD=0 .0 0 4 7g/ d。