Yu Xiangzhi:Presenting Working People's Enthusiasm and Dedication in the New Era via Paintings

In recent years,artist Yu Xiangzhi has focused on the new outlook of the working people in the new era and created a series of portraits called "Paean to Heroes",presenting working people's enthusiasm and dedication in the new era with paintings.He hopes that this series of works can resonate with the public,who will pay more attention to the life and working conditions of grassroots workers.Recently,this magazine has interviewed Yu Xiangzhi and talked about the story behind the creation of his "Paean to Heroes"series of oil paintings.

Blue Calico Printing and Dyeing Craft in Tongxiang

BLUE calico is a traditional Chinese handmade printed fabric.Dyed in indigo,it has a blue base with white patterns.Tongxiang,a city in east China’s Zhejiang Province,is well-known for printing and dyeing blue calico.The craft boasts a history of a millennium in the town with its heyday in the Tang(618-907)and Song(960-1279)dynasties.The technique was widely applied by the general public during the Ming and Qing dynasties(1368-1911).

Classification and Spatial Pattern of Township Development in Liaoning Province, China

The classification of township development types is an urgent problem that requires solution to enable the township to choose an appropriate development path.Using a township development classification method,we determine the township development types and their spatial patterns in Liaoning Province,China.The results showed that the patterns of township development types based on their general advantages had significant spatial differentiations.The planting,and livestock and poultry breeding township development types based on general advantages were mainly distributed across the central plain of Liaoning Province,China,and also concentrated in Dandong City−Dalian City along Yellow Sea coast,and in the northwest of Chaoyang City.The business and tourism,industry and mining,and residence township development types based on general advantages were distributed mainly along the Shenyang–Dalian Economic Belt in the central and southern Liaoning Province.The ecology township development type based on general advantages was mainly distributed in the eastern and western Liaoning Province to maintain regional ecological security.Township development types based on non-advantages were sporadically distributed in the middle and western Liaoning Province.Based on the classification and spatial patterns,the differences between the distribution of twonship development types and the plan for the major functional areas of Liaoning Province were proposed which could provide the basis for the optimization of the major functional areas.

Path of Rural Vitalization Based on Coupling Perspective of Township Construction and Resource Environment in Jiangsu Province,China

Recently,the field of rural vitalization has received extensive research attention.However,only few studies have proposed an approach to rural vitalization from the coupling perspective of township construction and the resource environment.Taking Jiangsu Province of China as the study area,we constructed index systems of township construction function types and resource environments.Based on 875 township study units in Jiangsu,we characterized the township construction function type and resource environment and analyzed the dynamic process of their coupling from 2005 to 2017.The results are as follows:1)the townships of planting and breeding types in Jiangsu were mainly distributed in northern and central Jiangsu;the townships of business travel,industry,and integrated types were mainly distributed in southern Jiangsu;and the townships of ecological type were irregularly distributed throughout Jiangsu.2)Resource environment factors and township construction function types in Jiangsu clustered based on their location with some overlap.3)Spatial variability in the degree of coupling level between township construction and the resource environment in Jiangsu was not apparent,and low coupling levels accounted for most of the study units.The sum of the number of medium and high coupling townships in southern,central,and northern Jiangsu was roughly equal,and the coupling level between township construction and the resource environment in southern Jiangsu evolved remained unchanged,whereas that in the central and northern Jiangsu became imbalanced.4)In Jiangsu,township construction was mainly constrained by water resources,and the constraint parameters gradually increase.Large variability in resource environment constraint was observed in northern,central,and southern Jiangsu for different township construction function types.Based on these findings,we proposed the implementation of targeted rural vitalization strategies.

WTA ‘Xianghu Dialogue' 2022 Opens in Hangzhou

From February 24 to 25,World Tourism Alliance(WTA)"Xianghu Dialogue"2022 was held in Hangzhou,Zhejiang Province,under the theme of"Harmonious Symbiosis:A New Paradigm for a New Tourism"to build consensus and promote cooperation.

Preliminary Study on Forest Fire Prevention and Extinguishing in Townships in the Southern Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province:A Case Study of Lishui

Forest fires seriously threaten forestry resources and the life and property safety of people in mountainous areas of Lishui City. In this paper, a fire prevention concept with refined forecast and early warning of forest fire danger weather ratings in townships as the starting point, satellite real-time observation of fire spots, monitoring of the Internet of Things and other high-tech products as an implementation means, and strengthening forest fire prevention equipment and personnel in townships as a guarantee was established. The command system for rapid emergency response by cities, counties and townships should be improved. During the forest fire prevention period, fire sources should be strictly controlled, and the basic principles of forest fire fighting in townships should be implemented into the actual fire prevention and fire fighting work to eliminate forest fires in time at the initial stage and before the disaster.

中国式现代化背景下的中国乡镇实践与发展路径探析

党的二十大报告指出,我国已经成功推进和拓展了中国式现代化。乡镇作为中国城镇体系中最基本的地域综合体,其发展逐渐以满足人民生活为立足点,在中国现代化进程中展开了深刻的实践。中国式现代化的发展目标给全面推进中国乡镇发展提出了新要求和新挑战,全力推进乡镇的中国式现代化发展,必须认清中国乡镇在新时代发展中的地位,深入分析中国乡镇在整个现代化进程中的发展特征和现实基础,以探寻乡镇实现现代化发展的新路径。基于此,文章提出乡镇现代化是推进中国式现代化的基础组成,乡镇是建设新型城镇化的重要载体,是促进城乡融合的重要支撑,是实现乡村振兴的战略引擎。进一步,文章从乡镇的历史发展和现实条件出发,论述了乡镇在经济活动发展区、人口流动集聚区、历史文化传承区和宜居生活典范区建设上具有坚实的基础。在经济发展上,近代以来乡镇经济活动功能已初具雏形,乡镇企业的兴起促进了乡镇工业的发展,继而推动乡镇承担更多的经济活动;在人口流动上,城—镇—乡之间的人口流动更加频繁,随着乡村振兴和镇的发展,乡镇对流动人口的吸引力不断增强,乡镇的人口集聚作用更加突出;在历史文化上,名镇、名村承载着不同历史时期的文化价值,从中国历史文化名镇到中国特色景观旅游名镇,体现出乡镇对历史文化的传承和特色景观的营造;在宜居生活上,建设美丽宜居乡镇是建设美丽中国的重要组成部分,乡镇在产业体系培育、基础设施建设、公共服务配套、生态环境治理上都取得了一定的成效。针对中国乡镇发展的现实基础,文章提出推动中国乡镇现代化发展的路径和举措。在坚持城镇化和农业农村现代化的基础上,要从“四高理念”出发做实中国乡镇现代化发展的基础,以扩大对外开放,实现高水平开放;以促进经济要素活力,助力高质量发展;以提升公共服务质量,打造高品质生活;以创新社会治理模式,探索高效能治理,以期为全面提升中国乡镇现代化发展质量、制定精准的乡镇发展政策提供决策参考。

Exploring a Typical Regional Model for Rural Industrial Revitalization:Using Shimen Township as a Case Study

Implementing the strategy of rural revitalization and embarking on the path of socialist rural revitalization with distinctive Chinese characteristics are essential steps in addressing existing gaps in agricultural and rural modernization.These steps aim to swiftly increase farmers’incomes,enhance agricultural production capabilities,foster high-quality rural economic development,and rectify issues related to uneven development.Revitalizing rural areas and alleviating poverty among the majority of farmers represent major decisions made by the state regarding the“three rural issues.”This paper conducts an analysis and discussion centered on Shimen Township in She County within the context of the agricultural and rural development revitalization strategy.The objective is to identify prevailing challenges and propose relevant solutions.

撤乡并镇后四川省乡镇卫生院医疗服务投入产出效率变化分析

目的:分析撤乡并镇后四川省乡镇卫生院医疗服务投入产出效率变化情况,为助力乡村医疗卫生体系健康发展提供参考依据。方法:以2018~2022年四川省5个样本市州48个区县为决策单元,采用BCC模型和Malmquist指数模型进行静态与动态效率分析。结果:2018~2022年样本市州乡镇卫生院机构数累计减少37.8%,院均床位数、职工人数、设备台数与医疗服务量累计增长率在49.8%~93.9%之间。医疗服务投入产出综合效率、技术效率和规模效率均值分别由2018年的0.800、0.843和0.950,变化为2022年的0.766、0.796和0.961。2018~2022年全要素生产率指数、技术进步指数和技术效率指均值分别为0.986、1.003和0.983。与2018年相比,2022年DEA无效区县数增加、减少和不变的市州数分别有2个、2个和1个。全要素生产率指数>1的区县数占比依次为成都62.5%、攀枝花40.0%、南充33.3%、阿坝23.1%和内江20.0%。结论:撤乡并镇后,四川省乡镇卫生院“小、散、弱”问题有效缓解,医疗服务投入产出规模效率有所提升;综合效率未见明显改善,技术效率下降是其主要原因;效率变化地区间差异明显。建议做好撤乡并镇改革“后半篇”文章,继续深化和拓展改革成果,以提升医疗技术水平和管理能力为关键点,区分不同地区共性与个性问题,多措并举推动乡镇卫生院量变成果转变为质变效果。

公众号赋能街镇治理的运行逻辑与机制建构——以上海市“美丽N镇”公众号为例

公众号赋能街镇治理既是一种治理模式的创新,亦是基层社会治理发展的一种崭新趋势。公众号赋能街镇治理的运行是技术逻辑、结构逻辑与认同逻辑的有机统一。近年来,作为国内较早提出全面推进城市数字化转型的一线城市,上海市持续探索公众号赋能街镇治理的创新模式,“美丽N镇”公众号正是街镇微信公众号赋能基层治理的典型代表。依照“技术-结构-认同”这样一种三维互动的逻辑框架,“美丽N镇”公众号以信息集散与配赋引导公众的受信模式和行为逻辑,以关系协调与双向互动实现系统性的规范、有序、合作,以组织动员与情感构建打造“治理共同体”。基于此,可以从顶层设计、内容呈现、双向互动、专业建设等维度,分别建构目标和方向精准化、效率和能级高质量、公众与政府良性互动、服务与队伍有效衔接的多维机制,从而助推公众号赋能街镇治理有效实现。

非正式治理的制度化运作:管区制与乡镇治理现代化的路径选择

管区作为一种非正式的组织设置,在乡镇与村级治理单元之间建构出实体性质的中间结构,具有低成本、非正式性和制度稳定性等特点,成为乡镇政权的延伸。管区设置虽然增加了乡镇内部的“委托—代理”层级,但通过行政体制上的形式化设置和实践中的非正式运作,具有了超越科层体制约束的优势,借助激励动员和组织重构实现了有效治理。管区借助乡镇内部人力资源的重新配置,在不变体制的情况下进行机制创新,实现了非正式治理的制度化运作,匹配了当前乡村社会转型和治理转型的需求,成为当前强国家治理背景下探索乡镇治理现代化的一条可行路径。

说“象”:中华民族舞蹈原始发生蠡测续说(二)

“象”是中华民族舞蹈原始发生中的一种文化存在。《象舞》是周代一个比较重要的祭祀舞蹈。作为周公纪功乐舞的《象》又称《象箾》,《象》的“以箾为仪”指向《易》的“象也者像也”。汉代宫廷中有一种专职艺人称为“象人”,“象人”的“蒙假面”与“方相氏”的“相人”之意均与丧葬事宜相关。荀子《非相》的义理积淀于“偶人”的形制和“面具”的图式之中;张衡《西京赋》的“舞像”更指向整体的“舞者”——其中的汉之“戏象”一词,正是从“戏倡舞像”中点化而来,而“戏倡舞像”本自“尸礼废而像事兴”。由“象人”与偶、与俑、与傀儡的关联一直联系到“傀儡戏”,显然已远离周公的纪功乐舞《象》,也无关乎《荀子·儒教》所言,“戏象”之说显然是从“舞象”一词演变而来的。

考虑乡镇集市影响的穿村镇公路事故风险因素辨识

为了改善乡镇集市与穿村镇公路耦合区域的交通安全,以云南省某二级公路穿村镇路段为研究对象,依据乡镇居民可承受出行距离与集市最大交易半径,界定集市核心区与集市辐射区,选取人、车、路、环境、管理及事故形态6个维度的29个风险因素,采用基于关联规则的风险因素辨识模型构建穿村镇公路事故风险因素网络,分析网络拓扑结构特征获取事故关键风险因素。结果表明:集日穿村镇公路事故时空集聚特征显著,且集市核心区交通冲突更为严重,伤人事故概率为57.99%,是事故的主要风险因素,对事故风险传播具有主导作用;直穿村镇路段交通标志缺失与缓坡路段会车不当分别是财产损失事故与伤人事故的直接风险因素;整体上,驾驶员因素平均聚类系数最大,易产生连锁反应,在集市核心区涉及驾驶员会车不当和未按规定让行时,伤人事故概率分别增加23.71%和21.07%。

基于明尼苏达量表的安徽省乡镇公共卫生服务从业人员工作满意度研究

目的了解安徽省基层公共卫生服务从业人员的工作满意度及影响因素,并提出相应的建议。方法2021年1—4月采用分层随机整群抽样方法在皖北、皖中、皖南分别抽取乡镇卫生院公共卫生服务从业人员进行问卷调查。采用明尼苏达满意度短式量表调查从业人员工作满意度情况,采用多元线性回归进行工作满意度的影响因素分析。结果共调查了39个县723家乡镇卫生院的5430名公共卫生服务从业人员。其中,男性2112人(占38.90%),女性3318人(占61.10%);40~49岁人群居多(2240人,占41.25%);学历以大专及以上为主(3934人,占72.45%);所学专业最多的为临床医学(2503人,占46.10%);来自一般乡镇卫生院更多(3091人,56.92%)。工作总体满意度得分为(2.02±0.78)分,内部满意度得分为(1.94±0.71)分,外部满意度得分为(2.19±0.89)分。其中“我的报酬与我所做的工作量”得分最高,为(2.46±1.02)分;“能够做不违背自己良心的事情”得分最低,为(1.74±0.65)分。性别、职称、工作机构规模和单位培训重视程度是影响乡镇公共卫生服务从业人员工作满意度的主要因素(t=−4.61、2.28、2.70、−41.78,P均<0.05)。结论安徽省基层公共卫生服务人员工作总体满意度较高,外部满意度稍逊于内部满意度。建议通过加强人才培养、改善工作条件、提升薪酬待遇等途径提高基层公共卫生服务人员工作满意度。

明目药“法象”新解

法象思维用药是中药法象药理学研究的基础,对传统中医药的发展起着重要作用。本文通过应用法象思维取明目中药形态之象、天时之象、升降之象、色泽之象、经脉之象和习性之象,进而“取象比类”分析《中华人民共和国药典》收录的29味明目中药的法象机制,如青箱子,其形类眼球,乌黑发亮;珍珠,其色泽宝光闪烁,与目之光泽相类;菊花,得秋金之气,金克木而明目等,以期进一步丰富眼科用药理论,启发中医眼科临床用药思路,回归中医药原创思维,更好地指导临床用药。

基于承载力—内生力—潜力的湖北省乡镇分类及规划策略研究

因地施策是乡镇级国土空间规划的要求,也是乡镇高质量发展的必然选择。以湖北省为例,以乡镇为基本单元,基于承载力—内生力—潜力分析乡镇发展情况,从区位条件、自然资源、社会经济、设施配套、地方特色5个维度34项指标构建乡镇分类指标体系,利用主客观叠加组合分析法赋值,通过自然间断点分级法进行乡镇发展类型划分。根据乡镇的综合优势和特色优势,将其分为“五型四类”,即城郊服务类、重点发展类、优化提升类、保留改善类以及生态资源型、旅游带动型、现代农业型、工业主导型、均衡发展型,并对各类乡镇的发展特点和空间格局进行对比分析。最后,针对综合分类和特色分类形成组合分类,提出相应的规划策略,为乡镇的分类评价和发展规划提供科学依据。

上海新村乡土壤养分时空变异研究与耕地质量评价

以崇明区新村乡为调查区域,基于高密度采样数据,对研究区土壤有机质、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾等土壤养分进行了时空变异特征和影响因素分析。结果表明:新村乡土壤有机质、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾的平均含量分别为19.1 g∕kg、100.6 mg∕kg、14.0 mg∕kg和136.6 mg∕kg。土壤有机质和有效磷含量偏低,土壤有机质含量大于30 g∕kg的土壤仅占2.8%,土壤有效磷含量在5—10 mg∕kg的缺磷土壤占23.3%,不同点位土壤养分的时空变化差异较大。为有效推进新村乡优质米绿色生产和土壤健康,建议推行绿肥轮作休耕、养分精准管理与根际土壤调控等技术,实现新村乡农业高质量发展。

乡村治理“形式协同”的生成逻辑及破解路径——基于X镇“围炉夜话”乡情恳谈会的分析

在全面推进乡村振兴的大背景下,协同治理机制是提升乡村治理效能的有效选择。但在现实的乡村治理实践中却展现出只有协同形式,治理效能较弱的“形式协同”现象。研究发现,形式协同的生成逻辑在于协同中坚力量缺位、自治组织功能错位、乡镇政府角色越位等。以X镇“围炉夜话”乡情恳谈会的工作机制为案例,阐释了形式协同的具象化表现。立足于理论与实践,破除形式协同可从主体建构、机制建构、工具建构等层面展开。主体建构层面,应明确乡镇政府、自治组织以及村民等协同主体的身份边界及角色定位,以角色定位固协同之基。机制建构层面,可从提议、审批、执行与评价等治理全过程、各环节着手,以全链条参与拓展协同之维。工具建构层面,可从数字技术的推广应用出发,发挥新型治理资源的优势,以技术嵌入增协同之效。

新时期乡镇林下养鸡产业现状与发展建议

该文对新时期乡镇林下养鸡产业的现状进行研究,并提出相应的发展建议。通过调查发现,当前乡镇林下养鸡产业存在生产效益低、市场营销不足、管理不规范等问题。建议加强科技创新,提升养殖效率和质量;拓宽销售渠道,增强市场竞争力;加强管理规范,提高企业的经营水平。同时,应加强政策扶持,促进产业健康发展。在这些措施的推动下,乡镇林下养鸡产业有望实现良性发展,为当地经济增长和农民增收作出积极贡献。

象性合参论远志效用特色与优势

采用药性与法象理论合参方法,融合现代药理与临床认识,阐释远志双调心神的作用机制,为远志治疗难治性病证提供药学与临床依据。研究发现,远志的特殊药象是其宁心安神功效的药材学基础,结合其“辛烈开窍”的性能特点,采用象性合参的方法,不仅有助于理解远志双调心神的特殊功效及其“安神不闭窍,开窍不动神”的药效特点,而且对认识用其治心神疾患、睡眠紊乱以及惊风、中风、癫痫等病证的作用优势,也提供了“象思维”的路径。象性合参还可揭示远志交通心肾的作用机制,并与其双调心神作用结合,拓展治疗心神失常之应用范围。因此,运用象性合参阐释远志的多重药理效用,是探析其治疗疑难杂病机制的重要方法。