Botanical drugs for bruises used in the Xiangxi region of China, a place rich in martial culture

Background:Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,located in Hunan Province,China,is a culturally rich region with a diverse population.The locals have a deep martial arts history and possess a wealth of traditional knowledge for treating bruises.Methods:In order to investigate this topic,we conducted ethnobotanical studies by visiting local medicinal markets and conducting interviews.Results:We identified 43 botanical drugs used for treating bruises,categorized into four types:sprains,contusions,strains,and bone injuries.The local people typically prefer to mash these botanical drugs freshly or make medicinal wine for external use.Treatment often involves a combination of drugs to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis,with medications to dispel rheumatism,clear heat,and detoxify,tailored to the humid climate and high precipitation in mountainous areas.Based on the fidelity level values,the local plant resources with high acceptance,utilization,or potential value in the treatment of bruises included Sargentodoxa cuneata,Lycopodium japonicum,Dioscorea cirrhosa,Panax japonicus,Achyranthes bidentata,Lysimachia heterogenea and so on.Conclusion:Herbal medicine and related knowledge for treating bruises are diverse and rich in the Xiangxi region.However,the local traditional medicinal knowledge faces challenges regarding inheritance due to regional modernization.Therefore,it is crucial to protect and further study this knowledge in the future.

Prediction of chlorophyll a concentration using HJ-1 satellite imagery for Xiangxi Bay in Three Gorges Reservoir

Since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir in 2003, algal blooms have frequently been observed in it. The chlorophyll a concentration is an important parameter for evaluating algal blooms. In this study, the chlorophyll a concentration in Xiangxi Bay, in the Three Gorges Reservoir, was predicted using HJ-1 satellite imagery. Several models were established based on a correlation analysis between in situ measurements of the chlorophyll a concentration and the values obtained from satellite images of the study area from January 2010 to December 2011. Chlorophyll a concentrations in Xiangxi Bay were predicted based on the established models. The results show that the maximum correlation is between the reflectance of the band combination of B4/（B2＋B3） and in situ measurements of chlorophyll a concentration. The root mean square errors of the predicted values using the linear and quadratic models are 18.49 mg/m3 and 18.52 mg/m3, respectively, and the average relative errors are 37.79% and 36.79%, respectively. The results provide a reference for water bloom prediction in typical tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir and contribute to large-scale remote sensing monitoring and water quality management.

Effects of different dietary energy and protein levels and sex on growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus x Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle

Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the background period of 184 d,23 steers and 24 heifers were fed the same ration,then put into a2×2×2 factorial arrangement under two levels of- dietary energy（TON：70/80%DM）,protein（CP：11.9/14.3%DM）and sex（S：male/female） during the finishing phase of 146 d.The treatments were-（1） high energy/low protein（HELP）,（2） high energy/high protein（HEHP）,（3） low energy/low protein（LELP） and（4） low energy/high protein（LEHP）.Each treatment used 6 steers and 6 heifers,except for HELP- 5 steers and 6 heifers.Results：Growth rate and final carcass weight were unaffected by dietary energy and protein levels or by sex.Compared with the LE diet group,the HE group had significantly lower dry matter intake（DMI,6.76 vs.7.48 kg DM/d）,greater chest girth increments（46.1 vs.36.8 cm）,higher carcass fat（19.9 vs.16.3%） and intramuscular fat content（29.9 vs.22.8%DM）.The HE group also had improved yields of top and medium top grade commercial meat cuts（39.9 vs.36.5%）.The dressing percentage was higher for the HP group than the LP group（53.4 vs.54.9%）.Steers had a greater length increment（9.0 vs.8.3 cm）,but lower carcass fat content（16.8 vs.19.4%） than heifers.The meat quality traits（shear force value,drip loss,cooking loss and water holding capacity） were not affected by treatments or sex,averaging 3.14 kg,2.5,31.5 and 52.9%,respectively.The nutritive profiles（both fatty and amino acid composition） were not influenced by the energy or protein levels or by sex.Conclusions：The dietary energy and protein levels and sex significantly influenced the carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat but not thegrowth performance,meat quality traits and nutritive profiles.

Study on Phosphorus Characteristics in Sediments of Xiangxi Bay, China Three-Gorge Reservoir

To explore the environment influence of the sediments in Xiangxi Bay (China Three-Gorge Reservoir), spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of total phosphorus (TP), phosphorus fractions, dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) of pore water and overlying water in the sediments were investigated. In surveys, the sampling was undertaken from six sites of Xiangxi Bay on 29 March 2009 and 28 March 2010. TP contents ranged from 1111.29 mg/kg to 1941.29 mg/kg with the mean value of 1533.09 mg/kg in 2009 spring and 1600.48 mg/kg in 2010 spring. Five fractions of sedimentary phosphorus, including loosely sorbed phosphorus (NH4Cl-P), redox-sensitive phosphorus (BD-P), metal oxide bound phosphorus (NaOH-P), calcium bound phosphorus (HCl-P), and residual phosphorus (Res-P), were separately quantified. DTP of pore water and overlying water all have positive correlations with NH4Cl-P and BD-P, which indicated that NH4Cl-P and BD-P were the main fractions that can easily release phosphorus in the sediments of Xiangxi Bay.

TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHOSPHORUS IN THE XIANGXI RIVER

The phosphorus in water and sediment collected at different time from the Xiangxi River were analyzed. The results indicated that the phosphorus pollution have significant relations to human activities (especially the phosphorus industry). The concentrations of total-phosphorus (TP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and dissolved phosphorus (DP) in Dec.2004 were higher than those in Jul. 2005; the TP contents of sites 15 and 16 were much higher than others’, the TP content of the largest site 16 was 1946.29mg/kg in Dec. 2004 and 1756.11mg/kg in Jul. 2005, respectively, which was much higher than the average (1497.51mg/kg and 1369.38mg/kg, respectively). The TP content in the sediment of the Xiangxi River was from 1179.53mg/kg to 1851.20mg/kg. The TP contents of most sites except site 18, 19 and 20 were higher in Dec. 2004 than those in Jul. 2005. The aluminium-phosphorus (Al-P) content in the sediment was obviously higher in Jul. 2005 than that in Dec.2004, which indicated that the stability of Al-P has a significant relation to the change of season.

Influence Factors Analysis to Chlorophyll a of Spring Algal Bloom in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir

To study the relationship between environmental variables and chlorophyll a of spring algal bloom in Xiangxi Bay of Three Gorges Reservoir, stepwise multiple binomial regression and grey relative analysis methods were adopted. In surveys, 13 stations have been investigated and 143 samples were collected weekly from March 4 to May 13 in 2007. The study shows environmental variables (turbidity, total nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, total phosphates and silicate) are key factors during algal bloom. The grey relative values and their permutation indicated that turbidity was the most important factor and had comprehensive effect on chlorophyll a. The more number of interactive variables is found to be an indication of biochemical activity during spring algal bloom in Xiangxi Bay such as DO×TN, Turb×TP and so on. There was good linear relationship between chlorophyll a and the interaction of DO with TN ( , ).The interac-tion of nutrients (TP×TN, TP×SiO4, TN×SiO4) had significant influence to chlorophyll a and probably determined the inter-specific competition at different nutrient concentrations.

湘西刘氏小儿推拿治疗便秘的君臣佐使观

湘西刘氏小儿推拿是传统中医与湘西苗医推掐术结合的诊疗方法,历经数代传承,已发展成我国小儿推拿重要的流派之一。流派传承人继承和创新刘开运教授诊治小儿便秘的经验,将中医藏象学说、五行生克制化学说与少数民族特色相结合,梳理了流派“理法方术”规律。文章从君臣佐使观浅析湘西小儿推拿诊治便秘的手法及配穴规律,为后人临床运用传承精华、拓展思维。

用户需求视角下湘西竹编纹样在家具设计中的应用

为探索湘西竹编纹样在家具设计中的传承应用,使其满足当代用户的需求,以圈椅为例进行剖析。首先通过调研和搜集资料构建圈椅样本库及湘西竹编元素库;其次通过问卷调查、文献检索和目标用户访谈法获取用户需求,利用熵权TOPSIS模型对用户需求进行整合,AHP计算用户需求的权重,以此为依据从圈椅样本库和湘西竹编元素库中确定初始形状;并通过形状文法的造型推演规则对各设计要素进行草图方案推演;最后基于灰色关联分析法得到方案评判关联度,确定最佳方案。结果表明,通过设计实践验证了使用AHP-熵权TOPSIS得到的用户需求较为准确,用形状文法将湘西竹编纹样运用在家具设计中的可行性。该设计方法的运用使竹编文化在家具设计中得到传承的同时,也能满足用户的需求,既提升了家具产品的文化内涵与美学价值,也为“以竹代塑”在家具行业的推行提供借鉴。

脱贫民族地区韧性乡村建设:逻辑、测度与进路

基于脱贫民族地区乡村社会所处的战略意境、风险环境和问题情境,以生计韧性、产业韧性、生态韧性、文化韧性、组织韧性五大要素构建韧性乡村评价体系,并运用熵值法、多因素综合评价法对2011—2020年大湘西地区韧性乡村建设水平进行综合测度。研究发现:样本地区韧性乡村建设水平持续提升并呈现阶段性特征,“十三五”时期提升幅度较为显著;各维度韧性贡献力呈不均衡发展趋势且建设水平差异明显,文化韧性、生计韧性和产业韧性是推动韧性乡村建设水平持续提升的主要动力源泉;空间分异特征显著,总体呈现出以“芷江侗族自治县-中方县-溆浦县”一线为分界线且南高北低的空间分布格局。脱贫民族地区应厚植内生性韧性治理理念,构筑高质量韧性乡村要素体系,完善多元化韧性乡村系统功能,打造一体化韧性乡村空间协同机制,促进韧性乡村建设向更高层次、更高水平和更高质量迈进。

三峡库区香溪河流域滑坡类型及发育规律

三峡库区香溪河流域处在秭归向斜和黄陵背斜之间,地质环境脆弱,滑坡灾害频发,给香溪河流域村镇居民的生命财产安全及沿线公路的正常运营带来严重威胁。本文依据现场勘查,将滑坡分为两类,其中河流西侧的层状反向结构岸坡主要发育“弯曲-滑移”型滑坡,东侧的层状同向结构岸坡则发育“滑移-拉裂”型滑坡。对滑坡的空间分布状况、发育特征及数量作了统计与分析,结果表明:地形地貌是控制滑坡发育的因素之一,凸形坡、20°~40°的岸坡以及处于三面临空的凸岸山体均易发育滑坡;岩性与滑坡发育也有对应关系,泥砂岩互层的滑坡发育密度总体高于灰岩地层;滑坡发育尚与岸坡地质结构相关密切,泥砂岩互层同向结构岸坡的滑坡发育密度最高,泥砂岩互层反向结构岸坡孕育的滑坡规模最大;水库蓄水及公路建设是诱发滑坡的两大人为因素。

论彭学军少年小说中的童年经验

童年经验在彭学军的少年小说中具有重要的意义。彭学军的童年经验里有深刻的湘西生活印记和对传统文化的惺惺相惜。这些因素不仅影响了彭学军少年小说的题材选择,也影响了小说的人物形象塑造以及作家的审美倾向和价值判断,并由此形成了小说独特的诗性风格。

湘西非遗传承的影响因素与焦点问题——基于龙山县的调查研究

非物质文化遗产是一个国家或民族宝贵的精神财富。龙山县是湘西非物质文化遗产最为集中的地区,其非遗传承问题具有普遍意义。本文在理论分析的基础上,以龙山县的实地调查为例,采用二分类logistic回归模型,研究湘西非遗传承的影响因素及其影响程度。研究结果表明:显著影响湘西非遗传承的因素主要是非遗的品类、居民的认知水平及居民的文化程度,文化程度的影响是负向的,保护方式和政策环境没有产生显著影响。目前的焦点问题是非遗市场偏好单一、宣传力度不够、生产性保护不足。地方政府、非遗传承人、非遗产品经营者应协调一致,努力形成非遗多元创新态势,继续强化非遗宣传和年轻人的普及教育,并将非遗融入文旅产业发展。

现代服装设计中湘西民族审美元素的应用

我国有着极为丰富的民族审美元素,将其应用到现代服装设计中,可赋予服装独特的民族韵味,也可促进民族审美元素的传承与发展。近些年,湘西民族审美元素逐步被引入现代服装设计中,但仍然存在审美元素随意拼凑、直接套用等较多问题,使湘西民族审美元素的价值无法体现出来,现代服装设计的创新效果也不如人意。基于此,本文通过对现代服装设计中湘西民族审美元素的应用现状进行分析,指出现代服装设计中湘西民族审美元素创新应用的意义,提出现代服装设计中湘西民族审美元素的创新应用策略。

湘西苗族蚩尤拳体育文化价值探析

苗族传统体育文化具有多形式、独特化的特点,形象地表达了苗族人民生活特征和人物性格,拥有几千年的历史文化底蕴,其中蚩尤拳是属于苗族人们的一种特殊武术拳种。文章运用文献资料法、访谈法、实地考察法等研究方法,对湘西地区的苗族蚩尤拳的体育文化价值进行探究,对继承和发展湘西苗族蚩尤拳有积极的作用。希望更多的人投身于蚩尤拳的研究,推动全民健身成为践行体育强国计划的重要途径。

典型岩溶高原边缘夷平面沉积特征及古气候环境——以湘西洛塔及贾坝剖面为例

文章对云贵高原边缘洛塔期(洛塔剖面)和召市期(贾坝剖面)夷平面风化壳进行粒度、磁化率、孢粉等方面的研究,探索其沉积特征及古气候响应。结果显示:洛塔剖面和贾坝剖面风化壳都以黏土和不等粒砂为主,但洛塔剖面岩性和粒度变化比较明显,为杂色黏土质粉砂和粉砂质黏土互层,夹一层砂砾石;贾坝剖面岩性和粒度相对稳定,主要为粉砂黏土。洛塔剖面Mz、Md、SC/D值以及磁化率值整体较高,但变化幅度小且快,贾坝剖面Mz、Md、SC/D值以及磁化率值相对波动较大,由此推断两条剖面所揭示的沉积环境都整体湿润,但贾坝剖面显示出小的干燥波动,即洛塔期夷平面风化壳沉积时期气候为温暖湿润型,召市期夷平面风化壳沉积时期气候为温凉干燥型,这与孢粉中大量水龙骨属(Polypodium)、松属(Pinus)指代的气候意义相同。对比孢粉组合及前人资料,推测洛塔剖面风化壳可能为新近纪早期开始形成,该夷平面可能形成于中新世,而贾坝剖面可能形成于第四纪早期,该夷平面可能形成于更新世。

Influence of the impounding process of the Three Gorges Reservoir up to water level 172.5m on water eutrophication in the Xiangxi Bay

The water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR) rose to 172.5 m in two stages from September to November,2008.The hydrodynamic parameters and water quality parameters(e.g.flow velocity,temperature,turbidity and nutrient content) had been continuously monitored to reveal the influence of the impounding process of the TGR on the water eutrophication in the Xiangxi Bay(XXB).The maximal daily rise of the water level of the TGR was about 2.38 m.The water exchange between the mainstream(the Changjiang River) and the XXB of the TGR was enhanced by density current,and its main characteristics were a density-stratified flow in different directions.The water exchange reduced the differences of the water quality parameters(for example,temperature,turbidity,nutrient level,pH,etc.) between the mainstream and the XXB during the impounding process.Meanwhile,the water stability index in the mainstream remained small but it was lowered in the XXB.The main causes included the dilution by water of lower concentration of the chlorophyll a(Chl.a) entering from the mainstream,the decline of the water stability,and the increase of suspended silt,which induced the Chl.a to decrease in the XXB during the impounding process.The grade of the water eutrophication changed from middle eutrophic level to mesotrophic state in the process.However,as available nutrients were imported into the XXB from the mainstream during the impounding process the risk of water eutrophication increases in the XXB in the future.

湘西民族村寨公共空间与居游行为关联性研究

湘西作为乡村旅游先行地区,民族村寨建设虽取得较好成效,仍面临着基础设施不健全、旅游环境供给不完善等供需不平衡问题,给公共空间功能的有效发挥带来困境。以湘西典型民族村寨为研究对象,借助社会网络分析方法构建客观空间、村民行为、游客行为网络模型,从村域、局部、单点三个维度对比分析居游行为与公共空间的关联性与影响机制。研究表明,村民、游客与公共空间关联度存在差异性,村民行为活动分散,偏好生产生活、邻里交往空间,与物质承载、社会节点空间关联度较大;游客行为活动较为集中,喜好民族特色显著的公共空间,与文化传承空间关联密切。最后,基于空间行为关联机制,以公共空间形态与村民、游客需求为导向,从村域层面连通性、局部组团凝聚性、节点空间多重性三方面提出优化策略,有助于民族村寨与乡村旅游融合发展。

三峡水库入库溪流中麦氏花翅蜉(蜉蝣目:四节蜉科)的生活史研究

开展水生昆虫生长过程研究对掌握研究区域水生生物的生物学特征和研究区域生态环境状况等均具有重要作用,可为构建和完善研究区域河流生态环境保护体系提供科学参考。于2017年逐月对香溪河库湾入库支流(螃蟹溪)中的一种水生昆虫———麦氏花翅蜉(Baetiella macani)的种群进行了研究,基于大小频率法、幼虫期有效积温条件进行了生活史性状分析和验证。结果显示:麦氏花翅蜉为三化性昆虫,包含一个冬季世代和两个夏季世代。冬季世代幼虫的发育历期为3~4个月,所需有效积温为1286℃;夏季世代幼虫的发育历期为1~2个月,所需有效积温为757℃。研究结果丰富了中国地区水生昆虫的生活史性状信息,并首次呈现了花翅蜉属的生活史特征。

Surface Flood and Underground Flood in Xiangxi River Karst Basin： Characteristics, Models, and Comparisons

Xiangxi River Basin, located in western Hubei Province in central China, is a karst ridge-trough area with an inhomogeneous and complicated distribution of water resources. This paper compares the characteristics of surface and subsurface floods in this karst basin, utilizing a one-parameter Darcian model and the traditional exponential model. The observed hydrographs and inferred water components are strikingly similar for surface and subsurface floods. The Darcian model and the exponential model are based on different views of the flood generation process, with the former fitting the entire hydrograph with a single time constant, and the latter fitting only the recession limb with multiple time constants. Due to the anisotropy and heterogeneity of karst media, a combination of physical and chemical techniques including the use of 3S（remote sensing, geographical information system, global positioning system） method is proposed for an enhanced hydrological investigation to assess and characterize karst water resources in mountainous areas.

Three-dimensional unstructured-mesh eutrophication model and its application to the Xiangxi River,China

The Xiangxi River is one of the main tributaries in the Three Gorges reservoir, with the shortest distance to the Three Gorges Project Dam. Severe and frequent algal bloom events have occurred frequently in the Xiangxi River in recent years. Therefore, the current study develops a three-dimensional unstructured-mesh model to investigate the dynamic process of algal bloom. The developed model comprises three modules, namely, hydrodynamics, nutrient cycles, and phytoplankton ecological dynamics. A number of factors, including hydrodynamic condition, nutrient concentration, temperature, and light illumination, that would affect the evolution of phytoplankton were considered. Moreover, the wave equation was used to solve the free surface fluctuations and vertical Z-coordinates with adjustable layered thicknesses. These values, in turn, are suitable for solving the algal bloom problems that occurred in the fiver style reservoir that has a complex boundary and dramatically changing hydrodynamic conditions. The comparisons between the modeling results and field data of years 2007 and 2008 indicate that the developed model is capable of simulating the algal bloom process in the Xiangxi River with reasonable accuracy. However, hydrodynamic force and external pollution loads affect the concentrations of nutrients, which, along with the underwater light intensity, could consequently affect phytoplankton evolution. Thus, flow velocity cannot be ignored in the analysis of fiver algal bloom. Based on the modeling results, building an impounding reservoir and increasing the releasing discharge at appropriate times are effective ways for controlling algal bloom.