Study of Quality Standards of Xiao’er Qingre Enema Preparation in Hospitals

Objective:To establish the quality standards for the preparation of Xiao’er Qingre enema in hospitals.Method:Thin-layer chromatography(TLC)was used to identify Radix Isatidis and Glycyrrhizae in the prescription.The content of(R,S)-Goitrin was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results:In TLC identification,there was no interference between the negative controls of Radix Isatidis and glycyrrhizae,and the spots were well-separated.The HPLC results of(R,S)-Goitrin showed a good linear relationship between the peak area and concentration within the range of 0.476-95.2μg·mL-1(r=0.9999).Conclusion:The TLC and HPLC methods established in this experiment are simple,reproducible,and specific,making them suitable for the quality control Xiao’er Qingre enema preparation in hospitals.

ECOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL ANIMALS IN BROAD-LEAVED PINE FORESTS IN SOUTHERN SLOPE OF XIAO HINGGAN MOUNTAINS

This paper studied the soil animals of four type forests of broad leaved pine forests in the southern slope of the Xiao Hinggan Mountains. The samples were extracted from four forest types in every first week of June, August, October, and every forest type was chosen out three plots. Since there are different soil animals in different depths, every plot was divided into four partitions with the same vertical distance: litter, 0－ 10 cm, 10－ 20 cm, 20－ 30 cm. Using hand sorting out large soil animals, Tullgren method (to middle and small soil animals) and Baermann method (to moist soil animals) to collect soil animals. Among the four type forests, insecta has the largest amount of groups of 54. Oribatida has the most number of individual, which is 1547, occupying 21.73 percent of total collectings. There are 81 groups of soil animals, totalling 7118 belonging to 8 Class 24 Order 57 Family, in which there are 54 groups of big sized soil animals totalling 2370, 41 groups of middle and small sized soil animals totalling 4808. Among all the soil animals,their dominant group is 3 ones, usual growp is 14 ones, and rare group is 64 ones. The results show that among the four type forests, the groups of soil animal in Tilia pine forest are much more than the others, with the highest variety index, and the individual number of the soil animals is also very large. The numbers of group and individual in Picea Abies Pine forest are both small.Among the four forest types, the soil animals in Tilia pine forest are most similar to Betula costata pine forest. There is so little similarity between the soil animals in Picea Abies pine forest and in the other three forest types.

A Reception Aesthetic View of Three English Versions of CHUN XIAO

Chun Xiao, a famous Tang poetry, written by Meng Haoran, has been translated by some great translators. In translating poems, what is important is not only the transferring of the intended meaning of the source language into target language, but keeping its literariness, i.e. the style of the original text. Three English versions are selected to make a comparative study from the perspective of reception aesthetics in terms of lexicon, rhyme and syntax.

Characteristics of Xiao Chai Hu decoction based on randomized controlled trials: A bibliometric analysis

Objective:To explore the characteristics of Xiao Chai Hu(XCH)decoction in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)using a bibliometric method.Methods:Seven databases including PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP)and Wanfang database were retrieved from inception to May 27,2022.In the study,XCH decoction(or modified)used alone or combined with conventional Western medicine as an intervention measure was included.The basic characteristics,funding support,relevant diseases,intervention methods,and adverse events(AEs)were analyzed.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software.Results:A total of 813 RCTs were included,published from 1989 to 2022.There was only one Englishlanguage literature with the recent impact factor of 5.374.There were 147 studies were from Chineselanguage core journals,with the highest impact factor of 2.414.Only 6.15%of the literatures mentioned funding support.96.31%of the included literature reported the statistical significance of using XCH decoction.The diseases treated mainly included chronic hepatitis B(9.35%),cough variant asthma(5.66%),dizziness(5.54%),bile reflux gastritis(4.43%),and fever(4.18%).However,the overall research design of the included literature was poor,and large sample size,multicenter RCTs are needed.The incidence of AEs of XCH decoction alone was 8.86%,which was significantly lower than that of conventional Western medicine treatment.The combination of XCH decoction and conventional Western medicine treatment could reduce the incidence of AEs,and no serious adverse event was reported.Conclusion:Although the included studies show that XCH decoction is widely used,and has good efficacy and few AEs.Due to the low quality of the included RCTs,there may be some bias,and its rational use based on the specific conditions is recommended in clinical practice.

Research Advance in the Efficacy and Mechanism of Qing Fei Xiao Yan Wan for the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases

Qing Fei Xiao Yan Wan had been incorporated into the existing “Chinese Pharmacopoeia”, protected by patents. The manufacturing process of it was scientific and its compatibility was reasonable. It was also shown by clinical trials that the efficacy is exact. Clinical trials and experiment studies had confirmed the efficacy and some mechanism for the treatment of respiratory diseases, which were summaried in this paper. Combined with the experimental results (published in another paper), the other prospect application was further discussed.

On The Northeast Regional Culture in Xiao Hong’s Novels

As the literary pride from the black land of northeast China,Xiao hong’s works show the unique regional culture of northeast China.With her meticulous brush strokes,she showed us the distinct geographical environment of the four seasons in north China,the strong local flavor and people’s sentiment,as well as the servility and ferocity of the people in the northeast.Xiao hong’s criticism of callous and ignorant servile characters and his praise of the consciousness of resistance and the indomitable life form,prompts us to think about the“national character”of northeast China and makes us feel the tragedy of society,the philosophy of life and the spirit of poets.

On“Pestilences”in an Ancient Vietnamese Medical Book,Nan Yao Shen Xiao(《南药神效》Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine)

Nan Yao Shen Xiao(《南药神效》Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine)is“an ancient Vietnamese medical book in Chinese language”that is extant in Vietnam and plays an important part in Vietnamese medical development history.In the chapter of“Pestilences,”the characteristics,prevention,and treatment of pestilences were described in detail.By comparing Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine with Chinese medical books including Ben Cao Gang Mu(《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica),it can be seen that the prevention and treatment of pestilences were profoundly influenced by Chinese medical books.The folk-proven prescriptions in Compendium of Materia Medica,Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang(《肘后备急方》Handbook of Prescriptionsfor Emergency),Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang(《备急千金要方》Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency),and other Chinese medical books were included directly or after adaptation(slight modification in dosage and usage)in Miraculous Vietnamese Medicine.This form of“foreign acceptance”witnessed the history of medical culture communication between China and Vietnam,expanded the application scope of Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of pestilences in a foreign land,promoted the overseas spread of folk-proven prescriptions in Chinese medicine to treat pestilences,and played a major part in treatment and prevention of disease in ancient Vietnam.

Interpretation of Female Tragedy Semiotics in the White Deer Plain--Take Tian Xiao’e as a Case

In the novel White Deer Plain,Chen Zhongshi profoundly narrated the tragic fate of the survival of the image of Chinese women,revealed the social status,inner world and character characteristics of women in Chinese traditional culture,and explained the tragic root of the survival of Chinese women from the Chinese cultural level.About the description of the characters,Tian Xiao’e was deeper to touch the depths of human nature affection Aaron and reason of conflict,touched the moral self and human self in a culture of conflict,so that the survival of female tragic signs of the novel has a wider significance and general significance.In this article,the author takes Tian Xiao’e as the example,to analyze this typical characteristic from the angle of the female tragedy semiotics in multi-dimensional interpretation of the characters.It is not only has practical significance for gender ethics construction,also has the vital significance to our mind world and the cultural construction today.

Effect of Xiao Chaihu Tang combined with intravenous chemotherapy on tumor markers and immune function in patients with advanced breast cancer

Objective:To study the effect of Xiao Chaihu Tang combined with intravenous chemotherapy on tumor markers and immune function in patients with advanced breast cancer.Methods: 76 patients with advanced breast cancer treated in our hospital between May 2012 and November 2015 were collected and divided into the combined treatment group (n=34) who accepted Xiao Chaihu Tang combined with intravenous chemotherapy and the control group (n=42) who accepted intravenous chemotherapy alone according to different treatment, and the treatment cycle was 3 months for both groups. Before treatment and 3 months after treatment, ELISA method was used to detect serum levels of broad-spectrum tumor markers and breast cancer-specific tumor markers;flow cytometer was used to detect cellular immune function index levels, and turbidimetric immunoassay was used to detect humoral immune function index levels in peripheral blood.Results: Before treatment, differences in serum tumor marker levels as well as cellular immunity and humoral immunity index levels in peripheral blood were not statistically significant between two groups of patients (P>0.05);after 3 months of treatment, broad-spectrum tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) and carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) levels in serum of combined treatment group were lower than those of control group, and breast cancer-specific tumor markers insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), midkine (MK), soluble E-cadherin (sEC) and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) levels were lower than those of control group (P<0.05);CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocyte levels as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio in peripheral blood of combined treatment group were higher than those of control group while CD8+ T lymphocyte level was lower than that of control group, and immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels in peripheral blood were higher than those of control group (P<0.05).Conclusions:Xiao Chaihu Tang combined with intravenous chemotherapy can decrease the severity of advanced breast cancer and optimize the body's immune function.

Popular Female Appellation: the Compare Study of "meinv" and "Xiao jiejie"

Female appellations are changing with time,which has attracted many attention from scholars.In the last century,"xiaojie"was very popular.The word"xiaojie"was then replaced by"meinv"because of its negative images.Nowadays,with the development of network buzzwords,the word"Xiao jiejie"gradually come into the public eye.In this paper,I will compare these two female appellations"meinv"and"Xiao jiejie"from four aspects:the introduction of origin and population,the characteristics of word structures,target users,and the pragmatics effects.

Diabetes:A Transcultural History of a Disease Concept in the Late Qing and Republican China

In the past few years,the medical knowledge transfer in a West-East direction has attracted increased scholarly attention from European and American historians,whereas studies on such“knowledge travels”conducted in the East Asian context focus mainly on political and socio-cultural concepts.To provide an alternative perspective on the travel of Western medicine to Chinese soil,a case study on“diabetes”is conducted,under the theoretical framework of“transcultural conceptual history.”This article systematically analyzes the standardization,popularization,politicization,and derivatization of“diabetes,”calling for further attention to transcultural histories of medical concepts in modern China.

Human Rights Protection Under China's Judicial System——An Interview with Xiao Yang, President of the Supreme People's Court of the People's Republic of China

Question: As you know. attention is now growing in China and outside to judicial protection of human rights. As President of the Supreme People’s Court and China’s top judge, would you make some comments on protection of human rights under China’s juridical system?

纵纹腹小（Athene noctua plumipes）的种群密度及生态分布格局研究

纵纹腹小（Ａｔｈｅｎｅｎｏｃｔｕａｐｌｕｍｉｐｅｓ）的种群密度及生态分布格局研究雷富民（中国科学院动物研究所，北京，１０００８０）ＯＮＰＯＰＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＤＥＮＳＩＴＹＡＮＤＥＣＯＬＯＧＩＣＡＬＤＩＳＴＲＩＢＵＴＩＯＮＰＡＴＴＥＲＮＳＯＦＴＨＥＬＩ...

加味凉血消风散调控寻常型银屑病(血热证)治疗前后外周血白细胞Notch通路中Notch1、Hes-1表达的初探

目的:探讨寻常型银屑病(血热证)患者外周血中性白细胞Notch信号通路Notch1受体及下游靶基因Hes-1表达情况,以及"加味凉血消风散"对其治疗前后Notch1受体及s下游靶基因Hes-1表达的影响。方法:分离30例寻常型银屑病(血热证)患者治疗前、后外周血白细胞,以β-actin为内参,采用RT-PCR定量检测Notch1受体及下游靶基因Hes-1的表达,治疗前并与健康人相比较。结果:健康人与寻常型银屑病(血热证)患者Notch1的表达(P<0.05),两者有统计学意义;健康人与寻常型银屑病(血热证)患者Hes-1的表达(P<0.05),两者有统计学意义,寻常型银屑病(血热证)患者外周血中性白细胞Notch信号通路Notch1受体及下游靶基因Hes-1高表达。经配对t检验Notch1在治疗前后(P<0.01),有统计学意义;采用非参数Wilcoxon符号配对设计资料的秩和检验,治疗前后Hes-1扩增值(P<0.05),有统计学意义,表明"加减凉血消风散"可下调Notch1基因、Hes-1基因的表达。结论:我们推测加味凉血消风散可能通过减少银屑病患者外周血中性白细胞的活化来发挥其抗炎作用。但中性白细胞是否将通过细胞间Notch信号通路调控影响着角质形成细胞的角化,加味凉血消风散是否能阻断其分化信息的传递有待我们进一步研究。

消瘤平体内外对人宫颈癌HeLa细胞生长及凋亡相关蛋白的影响

目的研究消瘤平体内外对人宫颈癌He La细胞生长的影响,以及对凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、Fas和Survivin含量的影响。方法常规培养He La细胞,加入不同浓度的消瘤平,M TT法分别检测培养3个时段后对细胞生长的影响。He La细胞接种于BALB/C-nu裸鼠,随机分为5组,阴性对照组、5-fu阳性对照组以及消瘤平3个剂量组,另设空白对照组,观察荷瘤裸鼠的一般状况。腹腔注射给药4周后,取瘤块和脾脏,称重计算抑瘤率和脾脏指数。取血,免疫组化法检测凋亡相关基因Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、Survivin蛋白的含量。结果消瘤平体内外均能抑制He La细胞的生长;体内可明显增加荷瘤裸鼠的脾脏指数;中、高剂量的消瘤平可促进Bax的表达,抑制Bcl-2和Survivin的表达,高剂量的消瘤平还促进Fas的表达。结论消瘤平抗宫颈癌的作用机制与抑制He La细胞增殖,以及Bcl-2、Bax、Fas和Survivin基因蛋白诱导的凋亡有关。

Characterization of Water Quality in Xiao Xingkai Lake:Implications for Trophic Status and Management

Increasing cases of lake eutrophication globally have raised concerns among stakeholders,and particularly in China.Evaluating the causes of eutrophication in waterways is essential for effective pollution prevention and control.Xiao Xingkai Lake is part of and connected to Xingkai(Khanka)Lake,a boundary lake between China and Russia.In this study,we investigated the spatio-temporal variabilities in water quality(i.e.,dissolved oxygen(DO),total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),chemical oxygen demand(CODMn)and ammonium-nitrogen(NH4+-N))in Xiao Xingkai Lake,from 2012 to 2014,after which a Trophic Level Index was used to evaluate trophic status,in addition to the factors influencing water quality variation in the lake.The DO,TN,TP,CODMn and NH4+-N concentrations were 0.44-15.57,0.16-5.11,0.01-0.45,0.16-48.31,and 0.19-0.78 mg/L,respectively.Compared to the Environmental Quality Standards for surface water(GB 3838-2002)in China,the lake transitioned to an oligotrophic status in 2013 and 2014 from a mesotrophic status in 2012,TN and TP concentrations were the key factors influencing water quality of Xiao Xingkai Lake.Non-para-metric test results showed that sampling time and sites had significant effects on water quality.Water quality was worse in summer and in tourism and aquaculture areas,followed by agricultural drainage areas.Furthermore,lake water trophic status fluctuated between medium eutrophic and light eutrophic status from September 2012 to September 2014,and was negatively correlated with water level.Water quality in tourism and aquaculture sites were medium eutrophic,while in agricultural areas were light eutrophic.According to the results,high water-level fluctuations and anthropogenic activities were the key factor driving variability in physicochemical parameters associated with water quality in Xiao Xingkai Lake.

Dan Bai Xiao Formula combined with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide for pediatric lupus nephritis:A pilot prospective study

BACKGROUND Patients with lupus nephritis(LN)typically undergo long-term treatment with glucocorticoids(GCs)and immunosuppressants.There is a growing demand for optimal therapy with better remission results and fewer side effects.Sustained traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)might be quite valuable for multitarget therapy,reducing the total dosage of GCs and minimizing the side effects of immunosuppressants.AIM To evaluate whether Dan Bai Xiao Formula(DBXF)can reduce the exposure to GCs and cyclophosphamide(CYC)and to assess the efficacy and safety of DBXF for the resolution of proteinuria and hematuria in children with LN.METHODS A 24-wk pilot study was conducted at Beijing Children’s Hospital.Children with active LN were divided into either a TCM group or a control group.Children in the TCM group received DBXF combined with GCs and CYC,and the ones in the control group received GCs and CYC every 4 wk for 24 wk.The primary endpoints of this trial were urinary protein excretion of<150 mg/d and normal serum albumin concentration and renal function.RESULTS The trial included 78 children,of whom 38 received GCs and CYC treatment(control group)and the remaining 40 received DBXF combined with GCs and CYC treatment(TCM group).At week 24,the TCM group showed a better rate of complete remission(42.5%);however,there was no significant difference compared with the control group(31.5%,P>0.05).The urine red blood cell count and urine protein level were significantly lower in the TCM group than in the control group at weeks 4,12,and 24(P<0.05).Furthermore,patients in the TCM group had a lower proportion of methylprednisolone pulses than those in the control group(1.30±1.41 vs 3.05±2.02,P<0.0001).The ending GC dose was significantly lower in the TCM group than in the control group(P<0.001).Moreover,more hepatic function damage,gastrointestinal adverse effects,and hypertension were observed in the control group than in the TCM group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The findings suggest that DBXF treatment is effective and safe as a supplementary therapy for LN and is superior to routine GC and CYC therapy.DBXF containing combination treatment possibly results in a faster resolution of proteinuria and hematuria,smoother GC reduction,fewer methylprednisolone pulses,and fewer adverse events.