Planning and Design Practices for Coping with Climate Change in Urban Parks in Berlin,Germany:A Case Study of EVFBS Cemetery Park

Urban parks,as a vital component of green infrastructure,significantly contribute to alleviating the impacts of climate change and enhancing the urban ecosystem.This paper examines the EVFBS Cemetery Park in Berlin as a case study to elucidate the significant role of centralized urban greening,exemplified by urban cemetery parks,in addressing the challenges posed by urban climate change.Through field research,data collection,and various methodologies,this study examines the specific planning and design measures employed to address climate-related challenges,including air purification,temperature regulation,and mitigation of the urban heat island effect.Additionally,it explores the multifaceted roles of urban parks in enhancing the quality of the urban ecological environment,promoting biodiversity,and providing recreational spaces for residents.The aim is to elucidate the significance of diverse urban parks within the climate regulation strategies of contemporary metropolises.By comparing and discussing relevant practices and successful experiences in climate-adaptive design from Berlin,and summarizing advanced concepts and planning experiences that may serve as valuable references for the development of urban green spaces in China,it examines the significance of urban park greening for climate regulation in contemporary cities.

Exploration and Practice of Constructing Urban Cemetery Landscapes—A Case Study of Longweishan Cemetery Planning in Linqing City of China

Through analyzing geographical positions,Fengshui terrains and remained plants of Longweishan Cemetery in Linqing City,planning and design concepts for the landscaping and sustainable development of cemeteries were proposed.Considering actual terrains of the cemetery and Fengshui doctrines,the overall layout of "solemn paths,definite division,combination of in-motion and inposition scenery,clear axes,winding water systems and serene ring roads" was formed.The cemetery has 6 functional areas:entrance path area,landscape area,tombs,reception area,flower cultivation area and parking lot,which are able to satisfy multiple functions such as commemoration,education,sightseeing and services.By unifying architectural styles in the cemetery,constructing landscaping,water and road systems,a coordinated and unified cemetery layout will be formed.Analysis of the planning of Longweishan Cemetery is of realistic significance for the landscaping of modern urban cemeteries.

基于考古发现谈晋唐时期新疆饮食文化——以阿斯塔那古墓为例

新疆自古以来族群活动频繁,又因古丝绸之路成为东西方文化交流的中心,这促成当地文化的多样性。新疆阿斯塔那墓地出土了晋唐时期与饮食有关的诸多器物,展现了晋唐时期新疆民众的生活方式和饮食习惯,既是晋唐时期新疆地区社会发展与经济繁荣的直接体现,更呈现了晋唐时期丝绸之路文化交流的重要影响。研究基于历史文物的信息记载功能,为学界展示晋唐新疆的历史发展及丝绸之路的意义与价值。

基于Depthmap的景观轴线空间整合度解析技术研究——以烈士陵园为例

空间整合度是当代景观环境空间序列构成机制与演变规律研究的重要表征概念,相关研究已由图式语言发展至量化描述,其关键技术途径之一即为以Depthmap等为代表的建成环境空间解析技术。选取具备典型轴线特征的当代烈士陵园实例,建立轴线空间分析模型并进行Depthmap整合度量化分析,在对全局整合度、局部整合度数据进行移动平均法分析的基础上,获取典型烈士陵园轴线空间整合度量化图谱。案例分析表明,轴线在风景园林整体空间设计中具有极强的渗透力和整合力,对于横向递次展开空间存在衍化整合能力;运用移动平均法能够对轴线空间整合度进行散点趋势分析,结果量化反映了烈士陵园轴线空间的建构特征与线性变化规律。以期为轴线型风景园林空间分析提供一种基于Depthmap的空间整合度解析技术,并为烈士陵园空间绩效提供一种空间量化分析方法。

Urban Cemeteries in Southern Brazil: An Analysis of Planimetric Variations, Vegetation Indices and Temperature

Urban cemeteries have the potential to negatively impact the quality of health of populations in their immediate vicinity.Thus,it becomes important to understand the factors influencing the potential to disperse contamination.This study examined the altimetry,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Land Surface Temperature(LST)in five urban cemeteries in the City of Passo Fundo/RS,in the south of Brazil,and the possible potential for the proliferation of contaminating agents present in these cemetery spaces in relation to a radius of 300 meters(m).The methodologies used Landsat 8 satellite images to sample the altimetry,NDVI and LST,applied to a regression model,to analyze the dispersion factors of the correlation of collected data.The results showed a trend of contamination of the environment by urban cemeteries in Passo Fundo,in the regions with the highest population density and the lowest vegetative cover.

Plant Furnishings in the Memorial Park of Nanjing Yuhuatai Martyrs' Cemetery

Yuhuatai Martyrs' Cemetery in Nanjing City was taken for example,major vegetation types summarized,landscape effects and characteristics of major plant furnishings around sculptures of martyrs,highest peak of memorial monument and shadow pool elaborated by combining with landscape theme and memorial atmosphere.It was proposed that martyrs' cemetery was endowed with such functions as memorizing,sacrificing and education,its unique landscapes were also important components of the park.

Analysis on Establishing Urban Cemetery Planning and Compiling System

Currently,there are many problems in construction of urban cemetery like improper location,low land utilization,backward greening facilities and imperfect cemetery management,which have greatly affected people's normal production and life. This article discusses the establishment of a sustainable city cemetery planning and compiling system from three levels of " macro-view,medium-view and micro-view" in order to perfect the present cemetery system.

Study on the Intensive Use of Rural Cemetery Lands from the Perspective of Multiple Functions

According to the investigation and study on the land use of different cemeteries in rural areas,the intensive land use of four cemeteries,including the public cemetery,traditional cemetery,vertical cemetery,and ecological cemetery,was evaluated.According to the data analysis,it is suggested to choose right cemetery according the practical conditions of each area,to take full use the multiple functions of cemetery lands and improve the intensive use.

A Comparative Investigation of Groundwater Contamination in Typical Dumpsites and Cemetery Using Ert and Physicochemical Analysis of Water in Benin Metropolis, Nigeria

This paper investigated the comparative analysis of groundwater contamination in Third Cemetery and Costain Dumpsite in Benin Metropolis, South South of Nigeria, using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Physicochemical analysis of water. The implications of land utilization for burial of dead human bodies in the form of cemeteries, many cases associated with coffin and caskets used for interment of remains and the location of refuse dump have received no consideration in Nigeria. Interment of bodies in cemeteries and dumping of refuse in dumpsites remain widespread practice and the only alternative endpoint to dead bodies and disposal of wastes in Nigeria. In Nigeria, this practice had not been perceived as having a significant potential contaminant effect in the environment and especially the groundwater component as search of literature attracted no such study to the country. In Benin City and Nigeria in general, the major cemeteries and dumpsites are located close to human residential areas and virtually all the populace within this locality depends on groundwater as the primary water source for various domestic purposes. Res2Dinv was employed in both sites as the geophysical method. The investigation of cemeteries is always difficult and challenging task in geoforensic prospective. Most researchers assess the impact of interment on the environment by comparing study results from cemeteries with data from reference sites. This study is based on this premise. The 2-D Geological Models showed that both Third Cemetery and Costain Dumpsite contained leachate plumes of various degrees as indicated by the low resistivity values, which infiltrated into the groundwater. The values of Water Quality Index (WQI) of groundwater samples in Third Cemetery and Costain Dumpsite were found to be 13.40 and 21.58 respectively which indicated that the quality of water at both Third Cemetery and Costain Dumpsite were good for drinking and other domestic purposes though with some degrees of contamination.

Explanation of the Damage to the Royal Family’s Cemetery in Historic Cairo and Examination of the Building Materials

The cemetery of the royal family, who ruled Egypt from 1805 to 1952, is one of the masterpieces of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Historic Cairo. It is a complex building from massive stone masonry walls supporting hemispherical domes and is very rich with the marble decorative elements. Unfortunately, it suffers nowadays from serious cracking due to on-going structural damage. Almost all the structural elements are cracked. Besides, the continuous rise in the groundwater table affects both its structural stability and aesthetics. A detailed inspection was carried out to identify and explain all the manifested damage by the structural elements of the cemetery. The differential settlement damage was found to be very noticeable in the form of many diagonal cracks that are active and threaten the overall stability of the cemetery. The construction history was investigated and found to have a clear effect on the noticed damage. Examination of the construction materials and deterioration products was carried out by inspecting representative samples of the stone, the marble, the mortar, the plaster and the salt. They were examined using different analysis techniques including the Polarized Microscope, the Stereo Microscope, the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) provided with Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) unit. This examination helped in identifying the type of the used stone, the mortar components, the types of salts affecting the structure, and the deterioration manifested by the marble. It seems that the cemetery needs an urgent conservation project to stop the deterioration and keep it safe for the next generations.

Particular Ways of Planting in Cemeteries of Siauliai City （Lithuania）

The issue of cemetery planting is not yet sufficiently studied in Lithuania. Cemetery is one of the sites where people could give way to their subjective comprehension of beauty. Analysis of the cemetery planting revealed certain noticeable features that could be ascribed to the forms of folk art. These are various objects with implied specific content or ornamented compositions. The aim of the research was to ascertain and distinguish graves characterised by specific planting features associated with plants, their layouts on graves. Analysis of the research results shows that two options form the peculiarities of grave planting： depiction of specific objects and ornamentation.We think that majority of the ornaments are made with the single purpose of decoration, and do not associate with symbolic meanings. During this research the graves decorated with planted symbolic objects and ornaments were distinguished. This phenomenon becomes more and more popular in cemeteries of Siauliai city in Lithuania.

The Ecological Aesthetics of Funeral Architecture towards Death:A Case Study of Tomba Brion Family Cemetery

This paper discusses the design of funeral architecture with ecological aesthetics as the entry point,and makes a poetic interpretation of the gardening techniques and spiritual connotation of Tomba Brion Family Cemetery,a funeral architecture,in combination with architecture,ecological design aesthetics,landscape ecology,oriental aesthetics and other disciplines to explore the unique charm of the architectural field related to death for life,trying to provide the reference value of ecological aesthetics for the development of funeral architecture.

The Application of Geophysical Techniques in Tracking Leachate Plumes Migration in a Typical Cemetery within the Sandy formation in Benin City, Nigeria

The survey aim is to track leachate plumes within the sandy formation which is below the surface laterite layer.It investigates the presence and migration of leachate plumes in the sandy region in a typical cemetery(Third Cemetery),in Benin City,Nigeria.The research engaged Vertical Electrical Sounding(VES),2-Dimensional computation of migration in both the vertical and horizontal directions.The electrical resistivity data collected in parallel equidistant lines was processed to obtain geoelectric models using Res2dinv.The leachate plumes in the cemetery migrate vertically and horizontally at different rates.The maximum and minimum rates of vertical migration are 4.1 and 0.2 cm/day respectively,while the maximum and minimum rates of horizontal migration are 32.8 and 1.7 cm/day respectively.Volumetric analysis of the plume zones indicates that of the 75,231m3 of the subsurface imaged,6,322 m3 is the zone contaminated by leachate plume,that is,8.4%of the earth volume investigated contained leachate plume.The research also showed that repeated ERT surveys can track movement of leachate plume emanating from decomposed dead bodies over time in active cemetery.The average travel time for a leachate plume to transverse a vertical distance of 6.6 m in coarse sand is 366.7 days at constant migration speed of 1.8 cm/day.

Systematic Contradiction Between Heritage Conservation and Tourism Development: Cleaning the Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu

In recent years, with the rapid development of the tourist industry, world heritage sites become more and more popular among tourists from home and abroad. Therefore, heritage tourism has become a new hotspot. However, while world heri- tage sites are making obvious economic benefit from tourism, they also bring various problems and contradictions, of which the most troublesome one is the contradiction between heritage con- servation and tourism development. To discuss and analyze the root and the essence of the above contradiction and find a way to bring about harmony between them is an important program faced by our national heritage management practice and academic re- search. Based on the case of cleaning the Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu, this paper ana- lyzes the reasons why our national world cultural heritage sites bring about the above contradiction in the process of tourism development and points out that the improper system and stake- holders’ benefit imbroglio are respectively the root and the es- sence of the contraction. Then, it also puts forward corresponding solutions.

Construction Planning of Eco-cemeteries in Daluo Mountain,Wenzhou City of China

Construction planning of eco-cemeteries in Daluo Mountain,Wenzhou City was taken for example to explore application of ecological theories and principles in the planning of cemetery,which improves the cemetery planning to the level of ecological construction.We arranged the construction of eco-cemeteries in Daluo Mountain in a unified layout through exploring approaches suitable for the present development stage to comply with actual conditions and facilitate the future management,and also prepare ideological guidance and material foundation for the construction of the cemetery.

Confucius Temple and Cemetery

THE Temple of Confucius, the Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Fam- ily Mansion are located in Qufu City, Shan- dong Province. The temple was first built in 478 B.C. to commemorate and offer sacri- fices to Confucius, the great philosopher, politician and educator of the sixth-fifth centuries B.C. It has been destroyed and reconstructed over the centuries, and today comprises more than 100 buildings,

Imagination beyond THE Ancient Cemetery on Mt.Le

Most people believe that the practice of sky burial is all- pervasive in Tibet.While some people may have a passing acquaintance with the rituals regarding sky burial in Tibet,others may be curious and seek more information. Nonetheless, they may not even know that earth burial prevailed in Tibet just before Buddhism was introduced into Tibet or as early as when the

山西侯马上马墓地青铜器铅同位素比值分析

山西侯马上马墓地是一处重要的晋国邦墓地,出土了大量东周时期的晋国青铜器。本研究对4件上马墓地春秋中期青铜器开展了铅同位素比值分析,以探讨春秋中期晋国铅料产地。研究结果显示4件青铜器的铅同位素比值均为普通铅,与晋南地区西周晚期至春秋早期青铜器所使用的铅料基本相同,可能产自长江中游地区。上马墓地青铜器与瓦窑坡春秋中期青铜器使用的铅料不同,反映了春秋时期青铜金属资源流通网络的复杂性。

殷墟王陵四论

本文在前辈学者研究的基础上,进一步指出殷墟王陵始建于洹北商城时期,是洹北商城始建之时都邑格局的重要组成部分。新的考古发现仍说明殷墟王陵废弃于西周早期,这与周革殷命的政治策略有关。王陵东区大量祭祀坑的年代为殷墟早期,特别是武丁时期,大规模祭祀是“武丁中兴”重要的政治举措。以妇好为代表的诸多王族成员死后仍葬于宫殿宗庙区,反映出当时的族邑理念。

湖北荆州张大冢战国楚墓出土青铜器的成分与金相研究

利用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)、金相显微镜对荆州市纪南镇雨台村张大冢战国墓地出土12件青铜器进行成分与金相分析。结果表明,12件青铜器分别为铅锡青铜、锡铅青铜和锡青铜3种材质,铅锡(或锡铅)青铜器普遍含铅量较高,青铜器多以铸造成形,铜盘均采用热锻加工技术。不同类型及使用功能的器物,其合金成分与金相组织存在明显差异。张大冢墓地作为战国中晚期的楚国下等级贵族家族墓地,出土青铜容器也多为素面薄壁,锈蚀较为严重,但其出土青铜器的合金配比、制作技术及机械性能均展现出战国中晚期楚国工匠已经拥有成熟的青铜合金、铸造以及加工技术,也揭示出当时工匠有意识地在青铜明器与实用器的合金技术上存在区别对待,为全面认识东周时期楚都纪南城青铜冶铸业的发展状况提供科学依据。