xiaojie(小姐， miss) is a popular form of address in contemporary Chinese; generally speaking, it is defined as a title for ―unmarried girl. This form has multiple connotations,. Given recent changes in society, some...xiaojie(小姐， miss) is a popular form of address in contemporary Chinese; generally speaking, it is defined as a title for ―unmarried girl. This form has multiple connotations,. Given recent changes in society, some think that, xiaojie (小姐） will become a widely-used form of address, while others think that young females will come to consider the title repulsive. None can have the final say, this is because the synchronic language differences are not only the result of the synchronic change but also possibly its sign. Since synchronic differences could not only be a result of diachronic change but also could herald further change, it is not clear what direction xiaojie (小姐） will take. In the language conflicts, When two language varieties conflict, the more common variety usually influences the less common. A field investigation in large cities throughout China thus allows us not only to draw A Distributional Map of Pragmatic Features of the Title xiaojie(小姐) ,but also enables us to see its diachronic possibilities.展开更多
Background Moderate to severe breast pain has major effects on the quality of life for patients.Patent Chinese medicines are widely used in the treatment of breast pain due to their stable dosage form and good efficac...Background Moderate to severe breast pain has major effects on the quality of life for patients.Patent Chinese medicines are widely used in the treatment of breast pain due to their stable dosage form and good efficacy.Objective To evaluate the beneficial effects and safety of Hongjin Xiaojie Capsule(HJXJC),a Chinese patent medicine,for the treatment of cyclical breast pain.Design,setting,participants and intervention This is a multicenter,single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in 3 medical centers in China from 2019 to 2021.Patients with moderate to severe cyclic breast pain were randomly divided into the intervention group(who took HJXJC,four capsules per dose,three times a day for 12 weeks)and the control group(waiting for the treatment)in a 1:1 ratio.Main outcome measures The primary outcome was pain duration,and the patients recorded measurements at baseline and at the end of weeks 4,8,12 and 16 on a patient log card.Results The full analysis set(FAS)population included 298 participants(intervention group,n=150;control group,n=148),while the per-protocol analysis set(PPS)included 274 participants.After 12 weeks,the duration of breast pain was significantly shorter in the intervention group(FAS:mean difference,–6.69;95%CI,–7.58 to–5.80;P<0.01,vs control.PPS:mean difference,–7.09;95%CI,–8.01 to–6.16;P<0.01,vs control).The Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SF-MPQ)scores were significantly lower in the intervention group(FAS:mean difference,–12.55;95%CI,–13.90 to–11.21;P<0.01,vs control.PPS:mean difference,–13.07;95%CI,–14.48 to–11.66;P<0.01,vs control).The above indicators continued to be significantly different through week 16.Moreover,in the intervention group,breast lumps shrank after 12 weeks and the size of breast lumps was statistically smaller than that in the control group(P<0.05),whereas the sizes of breast nodules and uterine fibroid showed no statistically significant difference compared with the control group(P>0.05).At weeks 8 and 12,the dysmenorrhea scores in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).No obvious adverse reactions were observed in any group.Conclusion HJXJC can significantly shorten the duration of breast pain,reduce breast pain,reduce the size of breast lumps,and relieve dysmenorrhea.However,it has no significant effect on the size of breast nodules or uterine fibroid.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the inhibitive effect and the underlying mechanism of Xiaoji Decoction （消极饮 XJD） in human lung cancer A549 cells. Methods： A549 cells in logarithmic proliferation were cultivated in RP...Objective： To investigate the inhibitive effect and the underlying mechanism of Xiaoji Decoction （消极饮 XJD） in human lung cancer A549 cells. Methods： A549 cells in logarithmic proliferation were cultivated in RPMI-1640 containing 10% low, medium or high dosages of XJD serum. The inhibitive effect of XJD in A549 cell proliferation was assessed by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. The pro-apoptotic effect of XJD in A549 cells was observed by fluorescence microscope via Hoechst 33258 staining. The role of the Akt signaling pathway was observed by examining the presence of p-Akt protein by Western blot and the mRNA expression of downstream proteins such as Bcl-2/BcI-XL-associated death promoter （BAD） and caspase-9 by real time polymerase chain reaction. Results： MTT assay revealed that XJD could inhibit A549 proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Hoechst 33258 staining showed that XJD induced the typical nuclear apoptotic morphology after XJD treatment. Moreover, XJD could reduce the phosphorylation of Akt and increase the mRNA expression of BAD and caspase-9. Conclusions： XJD can inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner through signaling Akt pathway via up-regulating the expression of BAD and caspase-9. XJD may provide a novel therapeutic model for lung cancer and deserve further study.展开更多
目的观察小儿消积止咳口服液治疗儿童慢性咳嗽的疗效及机制。方法选取慢性咳嗽患儿110例,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组55例。对照组患儿给予常规治疗,观察组患儿在常规治疗的基础上给予小儿消积止咳口服液治疗。另选取同期健康体检儿童5...目的观察小儿消积止咳口服液治疗儿童慢性咳嗽的疗效及机制。方法选取慢性咳嗽患儿110例,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组55例。对照组患儿给予常规治疗,观察组患儿在常规治疗的基础上给予小儿消积止咳口服液治疗。另选取同期健康体检儿童55例作为健康组。比较观察组与对照组的疗效,治疗前后评估咳嗽评分及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI),检测治疗前后外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophils,EOS)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosisfactor-α,TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、白细胞介素(interleukins,IL)-4(IL-4)、IL-8以及免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,Ig)A、IgG和IgM水平,检测肺功能包括用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量百分比(the percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV_(1)%)和呼气峰值流速(peak expiratory flow rate,PEF)。结果观察组的总有效率高于对照组,体温复常时间、肺啰音消失时间、咳痰消失时间及咳嗽消失时间均较对照组缩短,治疗后咳嗽评分及PSQI评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组和对照组治疗前的外周血EOS、PCT、TNF-α、IL-4和IL-8水平均高于健康组,IFN-γ、IgA、IgG和IgM水平均低于健康组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组和对照组的外周血EOS、PCT、TNF-α、IL-4和IL-8水平均降低,IFN-γ、IgA、IgG和IgM水平均降低,FVC、FEV_(1)%和PEF均升高,且观察组上述指标均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论外周血EOS、PCT、TNF-α、IL-4和IL-8水平在儿童慢性咳嗽中明显升高,IFN-γ水平明显降低,采用小儿消积止咳口服液治疗能够调节上述各指标平衡,提高临床疗效并促进症状缓解。展开更多
文摘xiaojie(小姐， miss) is a popular form of address in contemporary Chinese; generally speaking, it is defined as a title for ―unmarried girl. This form has multiple connotations,. Given recent changes in society, some think that, xiaojie (小姐） will become a widely-used form of address, while others think that young females will come to consider the title repulsive. None can have the final say, this is because the synchronic language differences are not only the result of the synchronic change but also possibly its sign. Since synchronic differences could not only be a result of diachronic change but also could herald further change, it is not clear what direction xiaojie (小姐） will take. In the language conflicts, When two language varieties conflict, the more common variety usually influences the less common. A field investigation in large cities throughout China thus allows us not only to draw A Distributional Map of Pragmatic Features of the Title xiaojie(小姐) ,but also enables us to see its diachronic possibilities.
基金funded by The Standardized Project on Guidelines for the Clinical Application of Proprietary Chinese Medicines for the Treatment of Advantageous Disease Species(No.SATCM-2015-BZ402).
文摘Background Moderate to severe breast pain has major effects on the quality of life for patients.Patent Chinese medicines are widely used in the treatment of breast pain due to their stable dosage form and good efficacy.Objective To evaluate the beneficial effects and safety of Hongjin Xiaojie Capsule(HJXJC),a Chinese patent medicine,for the treatment of cyclical breast pain.Design,setting,participants and intervention This is a multicenter,single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in 3 medical centers in China from 2019 to 2021.Patients with moderate to severe cyclic breast pain were randomly divided into the intervention group(who took HJXJC,four capsules per dose,three times a day for 12 weeks)and the control group(waiting for the treatment)in a 1:1 ratio.Main outcome measures The primary outcome was pain duration,and the patients recorded measurements at baseline and at the end of weeks 4,8,12 and 16 on a patient log card.Results The full analysis set(FAS)population included 298 participants(intervention group,n=150;control group,n=148),while the per-protocol analysis set(PPS)included 274 participants.After 12 weeks,the duration of breast pain was significantly shorter in the intervention group(FAS:mean difference,–6.69;95%CI,–7.58 to–5.80;P<0.01,vs control.PPS:mean difference,–7.09;95%CI,–8.01 to–6.16;P<0.01,vs control).The Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SF-MPQ)scores were significantly lower in the intervention group(FAS:mean difference,–12.55;95%CI,–13.90 to–11.21;P<0.01,vs control.PPS:mean difference,–13.07;95%CI,–14.48 to–11.66;P<0.01,vs control).The above indicators continued to be significantly different through week 16.Moreover,in the intervention group,breast lumps shrank after 12 weeks and the size of breast lumps was statistically smaller than that in the control group(P<0.05),whereas the sizes of breast nodules and uterine fibroid showed no statistically significant difference compared with the control group(P>0.05).At weeks 8 and 12,the dysmenorrhea scores in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).No obvious adverse reactions were observed in any group.Conclusion HJXJC can significantly shorten the duration of breast pain,reduce breast pain,reduce the size of breast lumps,and relieve dysmenorrhea.However,it has no significant effect on the size of breast nodules or uterine fibroid.
基金Supported by Canadian Terry Fox Run Foundation for Cancer Research
文摘Objective： To investigate the inhibitive effect and the underlying mechanism of Xiaoji Decoction （消极饮 XJD） in human lung cancer A549 cells. Methods： A549 cells in logarithmic proliferation were cultivated in RPMI-1640 containing 10% low, medium or high dosages of XJD serum. The inhibitive effect of XJD in A549 cell proliferation was assessed by methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay. The pro-apoptotic effect of XJD in A549 cells was observed by fluorescence microscope via Hoechst 33258 staining. The role of the Akt signaling pathway was observed by examining the presence of p-Akt protein by Western blot and the mRNA expression of downstream proteins such as Bcl-2/BcI-XL-associated death promoter （BAD） and caspase-9 by real time polymerase chain reaction. Results： MTT assay revealed that XJD could inhibit A549 proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Hoechst 33258 staining showed that XJD induced the typical nuclear apoptotic morphology after XJD treatment. Moreover, XJD could reduce the phosphorylation of Akt and increase the mRNA expression of BAD and caspase-9. Conclusions： XJD can inhibit the proliferation of A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner through signaling Akt pathway via up-regulating the expression of BAD and caspase-9. XJD may provide a novel therapeutic model for lung cancer and deserve further study.
文摘目的观察小儿消积止咳口服液治疗儿童慢性咳嗽的疗效及机制。方法选取慢性咳嗽患儿110例,随机分为对照组与观察组,每组55例。对照组患儿给予常规治疗,观察组患儿在常规治疗的基础上给予小儿消积止咳口服液治疗。另选取同期健康体检儿童55例作为健康组。比较观察组与对照组的疗效,治疗前后评估咳嗽评分及匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index,PSQI),检测治疗前后外周血嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophils,EOS)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosisfactor-α,TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、白细胞介素(interleukins,IL)-4(IL-4)、IL-8以及免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,Ig)A、IgG和IgM水平,检测肺功能包括用力肺活量(forced vital capacity,FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量百分比(the percentage of forced expiratory volume in the first second,FEV_(1)%)和呼气峰值流速(peak expiratory flow rate,PEF)。结果观察组的总有效率高于对照组,体温复常时间、肺啰音消失时间、咳痰消失时间及咳嗽消失时间均较对照组缩短,治疗后咳嗽评分及PSQI评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组和对照组治疗前的外周血EOS、PCT、TNF-α、IL-4和IL-8水平均高于健康组,IFN-γ、IgA、IgG和IgM水平均低于健康组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组和对照组的外周血EOS、PCT、TNF-α、IL-4和IL-8水平均降低,IFN-γ、IgA、IgG和IgM水平均降低,FVC、FEV_(1)%和PEF均升高,且观察组上述指标均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论外周血EOS、PCT、TNF-α、IL-4和IL-8水平在儿童慢性咳嗽中明显升高,IFN-γ水平明显降低,采用小儿消积止咳口服液治疗能够调节上述各指标平衡,提高临床疗效并促进症状缓解。
