再论《世说新语》的诗学价值——谢安“雅人深致”说新解

《世说新语·文学篇》所记谢安“雅人深致”一说,因为蕴藏着经学与文学、“言志”与“缘情”的双重张力,引发了广泛而持久的诗学争议。历来学者如宋祁、刘辰翁、王士禛等多激赏谢玄而质疑谢安。事实上,“雅人”并非泛指“高人雅士”,而是特指“诗人”,具体说就是与“风人”相对的“雅诗的作者”。正确理解“雅人深致”,既要注意《诗》有《风》《雅》二体、《雅》有小大正变的大背景,又要在“赋诗言志”的意义上体察谢安与谢玄人格气象和生命境界的内在差异。王夫之认为二谢所引《毛诗》“同一达情之妙”,无形中掩盖了“风人之致”与“雅人深致”这两种不同审美趣味的差别,故仍有一间之未达。晚清大儒沈曾植则立足儒家诗学的风雅传统,以人学论诗学,既还原了“雅体尊,风体卑”的礼乐诗教的真实生态,又以“雅人”为“敦善行而不怠之君子”,深刻揭示了谢安风流名士背后的儒者情怀和大臣心曲,堪称谢安的隔代知音。要之,对“雅人深致”的正确解读,既是诗学问题,也是人学问题,既关乎诗教和诗品,更关乎人教与人品。谢安是《世说新语》中记载最多的魏晋名士,他对于中国“雅文化”的形成厥功至伟,其“雅人深致”的诗学观念具有非常丰富的阐释空间,这也从一个侧面证明了《世说新语》的诗学价值。

核空间中的Xie-Beni指标及其性能

针对核空间中模糊聚类算法的有效性评价问题,以核非线性映射为工具,将Xie-Beni指标推广到核Hilbert空间,得到其对应的核化形式,并指出该核化指标与VLL指标的区别和联系.在此基础上,通过比较实验,研究了核化的Xie-Beni指标对高斯核宽度β和模糊指数m的稳定特性.结果表明,核化的Xie-Beni指标较之VLL等其他指标具有更好的性能和可靠性,可优先作为核模糊聚类算法的有效性判据.

HL—1M装置边缘参数和雷诺Xie强的径向分布

利用马赫／郎缪尔探针组测量HL－1M装置刮离层（SOL）和边缘静电雷诺Xie强，等离子体极向旋转，径向和极向电场的径向分布。在低杂波电流驱动（LHCD），超声分子束注入（SMBI），多发弹丸注入（MPI）和中性束注入（NBI）实验中，给出了雷诺Xie强和极向流的关系。结果指出，由于雷诺Xie强的径向变化，托卡马克等离子体边缘可以产生剪切极向流。

Tong xie yao fang relieves irritable bowel syndrome in rats via mechanisms involving regulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine and substance P

AIM: To investigate whether the Chinese medicine Tong Xie Yao Fang(TXYF) improves dysfunction in an irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) rat model. METHODS: Thirty baby rats for IBS modeling were separated from mother rats(1 h per day) from days 8 to 21, and the rectum was expanded by angioplasty from days 8 to 12. Ten normal rats were used as normal controls. We examined the effects of TXYF on defection frequency, colonic transit function and smooth muscle contraction, and the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and substance P(SP) in colonic and hypothalamus tissues by Western blot and RT-PCT techniques in both normal rats and IBS model rats with characterized visceral hypersensitivity.in normal rats and 4.5 ± 1.58 in IBS model rats(P < 0.001). However, the defecation frequency was significantly decreased(3.0 ± 1.25 vs 4.5 ± 1.58, P < 0.05), while the time(in seconds) of colon transit function was significantly increased(256.88 ± 20.32 vs 93.36 ± 17.28, P < 0.001) in IBS + TXYF group rats than in IBS group rats. Increased colonic smooth muscle tension and contract frequency in IBS model rats were significantly decreased by administration of TXYF. Exogenous agonist stimulants increased spontaneous activity and elicited contractions of colon smooth muscle in IBS model rats, and all of these actions were significantly reduced by TXYF involving 5-HT and SP down-regulation. CONCLUSION: TXYF can modulate the activity of the enteric nervous system and alter 5-HT and SP activities, which may contribute to the symptoms of IBS.

叶燮“气”论文艺观——兼论《原诗》中的李杜评骘问题

叶燮在《原诗》中针对创作主客体分别提出“才、胆、识、力”说与“理、事、情”说,是对前人妙理的再铸与凝结。在这些理论之上,叶燮还运用了一个综合性、统摄性的概念,那就是“气”。统筹“理”“事”“情”三者的在物之“气”,既标示生命力与造物力,也彰显着叶燮相续相禅、因时递变的诗史观;而在我之“气”是“才、胆、识、力”的综合,“气足”是四者兼备且臻于高境的结果;在李杜评骘问题上,叶燮基于不同的视角和场域对李杜二人进行论衡,认为历代诗人推崇杜甫是因为其有“胸襟”,而千百年来李白与杜甫齐名的关键在于李白以“气”得之,虽未见轩轾,但为诗坛上关乎李杜优劣的话题提供了一种客观中肯、理性辨证的思考理路。

Effect of Tong Xie Yao Fang on endogenous metabolites in urine of irritable bowel syndrome model rats

BACKGROUND Tong Xie Yao Fang is a representative traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of liver and spleen deficiency,abdominal pain and diarrhea.It has a unique function in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),is a common functional bowel disease.Its main symptoms are recurrent abdominal pain,diarrhea,constipation or alternations between diarrhea and constipation.There are obvious differences in metabolites between TCM syndromes.By comparing the body fluid metabolism maps of model animals,metabolomics can discover disease biomarkers,analyze the differences in metabolic pathways and understand the pathological process and the metabolic pathways of substances in the body.Thus,the evaluation of animal models tends to be comprehensive and objective.This may provide further understanding between the interaction between Tong Xie Yao Fang and the IBS model.AIM To evaluate the effect of Tong Xie Yao Fang on IBS rats by using metabolomics method.METHODS Wistar rats were used to establish IBS models,and then randomly divided into four groups:A model control group and three Tong Xie Yao Fang treatment groups(high,medium and low doses).A normal,non-IBS group was established.The rats were treated for 2 wk.On days 0 and 14 of the experimental model,urine was collected for 12 h and was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.Nine potential biomarkers were identified,and six major metabolic pathways were found to be related to IBS.RESULTS In the study of metabonomics,nine potential biomarkers including L-serine,4-methylgallic acid,L-threonine,succinylacetone,prolyl-hydroxyproline,valylserine,acetyl citrate,marmesin rutinoside and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan were identified in urine,which were assigned to amino acids,organic acids,succinyl and glycosides.Furthermore,the metabolic pathway of L-serine,L-threonine and 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan was found in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,which mainly involved the metabolism of cysteine and methionine,vitamin B6 metabolism,serotonin synapse,tryptophan metabolism,sphingolipid metabolism,digestion,absorption of protein and amino acid metabolism.These pathways are related to intestinal dysfunction,inflammatory syndrome,nervous system dysfunction and other diseases.CONCLUSION Tong Xie Yao Fang has pharmacological effects on IBS,and its mechanism may be related to the metabolism of the nine potential biomarkers identified above in urine.

Modified Tong Xie Yao Fang relieves solitary rectal ulcer syndrome:A case report

BACKGROUND Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome(SRUS)is a rare rectal disorder characterized by bloody mucus in the stool,difficulty in defecation,pain,and anal swelling.To date,the etiology of this syndrome remains not well understood and the diagnosis is frequently confused with other disorders,making treatment a clinical challenge.CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old woman presented to our hospital with a 40-d history of bloody mucus in the stool and anal swelling.SRUS was suspected.Rectoscopy revealed a large,severe ulcerous lesion.Histologically,the lesion was characterized as chronic ulcer without clear tumor cells,and the final diagnosis of SRUS was made.The patient was treated with Chinese medicine therapy,with administration of Tong Xie Yao Fang.After 3 wk of treatment,the symptoms improved significantly.At 2-mo follow-up,rectoscopy in a local hospital showed healed ulcer scars without obvious protrusion 3 cm from the anal verge.CONCLUSION Chinese medicine therapy represents a potential treatment of SRUS with predominant rectal bleeding,mucinous discharge,and anal swelling pain.

Innovative endoscopic enucleations of the prostate--Xie’s Prostate Enucleations

In the past 2 decades,endoscopic enucleation of the prostate has become a safe and effective surgical treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH),with comparable outcomes to traditional surgeries.Transurethral vapor enucleation and resection of the prostate(TVERP),transurethral vapor enucleation of the prostate(TVEP),and ultrasound-navigated TVEP(US-TVEP)are new,innovative endoscopic enucleation procedures.These procedures are named Xie’s Prostate Enucleations(Xie’s Procedures for short).Current clinical data indicate that Xie’s Procedures are safe and effective treatment options for patients with BPH,especially for patients with larger prostates.Further prospective,randomized clinical trials compared with traditional transurethral resection of prostate(TURP)are still needed.

Long Dan Xie Gan Formula Granule Promotes Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression in Female Guinea Pigs with Recurrent Genital Herpes

Objective To explore the effects of Long Dan Xie Gan formula granule(LDXGFG)on regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in female guinea pigs with recurrent genital herpes(herpes simplex virus 2,HSV-2).Methods Levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood of HSV-2-infected guinea pigs,including IL-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-12,IFN-α,IFN-β,IFN-γ,and TNF-α,were detected by ELISA;corresponding gene expression levels in tissues were detected by real-time PCR.Results IL-6,IL-10,IL-12,IFN-α,IFN-γand TNF-αdecreased significantly in both blood and diseased tissues after infection with recurrent genital herpes.Upon feeding LDXGFG to HSV-2-infected guinea pigs,IL-6,IL-10,IL-12,IFN-α,IFN-γand TNF-αdemonstrated significant increases,similar to the effects of acyclovir(ACV).LDXGFG promoted the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood and tissue,with a stronger effect than ACV.Moreover,LDXGFG demonstrated broader effects than ACV.Conclusion The present results suggest that LDXGFG can serve as an alternative,inexpensive,and long-term treatment for HSV-2 infection.

Mucosa repair mechanisms of Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang mediated by CRH-R2 in murine,dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis

AIM To explore the significance of corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH)-receptor(R)2 in mucosal healing of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis and the effect of Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang(TXYF) on CRH-R2 expression and regulation.METHODS Ulcerative colitis was induced in mice by administration of 3%(w/v) DSS for 7 d. Once the model was established,mice were administered urocortin-2(30 μg/kg), a peptide which binds exclusively to CRH-R2, or various doses of aqueous TXYF extracts(2.8-11.2 g/kg), a CRH-R2 antagonist Astressin(Ast)2B(20 μg/kg), Ast2B + Ucn2, or Ast2B with various doses of aqueous TXYF extracts for 9 d. Colonic mucosal permeability was then evaluated by measuring the fluorescence intensity in serum. The colitis disease activity index(DAI), histology, body weight loss and colon length were assessed to evaluate the condition of colitis. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase d UTP nick-end labeling was used to detect apoptosis of the intestinal epithelial cells. The expression level of Ki-67 represented the proliferation of colonic epithelial cells and was detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of inflammation cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and CXCL-1 were examined in colon tissues using real-time PCR and ELISA kits.RESULTS Compared with the DSS group, mice treated with the CRH-R2 antagonist Ast2B showed greater loss of body weight, shorter colon lengths(4.90 ± 0.32 vs 6.21 ± 0.34 cm, P < 0.05), and higher DAI(3.61 ± 0.53 vs 2.42 ± 0.32, P < 0.05) and histological scores(11.50 ± 1.05 vs 8.33 ± 1.03, P < 0.05). Additionally, the Ast2B group showed increased intestinal permeability(2.76 ± 0.11 μg/mL vs 1.47 ± 0.11 μg/mL, P < 0.001), improved secretion of inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue, and reduced colonic epithelial cell proliferation(4.97 ± 4.25 vs 22.51 ± 8.22, P < 0.05). Increased apoptosis(1422.39 ± 90.71 vs 983.01 ± 98.17, P < 0.001) was also demonstrated. The Ucn2 group demonstrated lower DAI(0.87 ± 0.55 vs 2.42 ± 0.32, P < 0.001) and histological scores(4.33 ± 1.50 vs 8.33 ± 1.03, P < 0.05). Diminished weight loss, longer colon length(9.58 ± 0.62 vs 6.21 ± 0.34 cm, P < 0.001), reduced intestinal permeability(0.75 ± 0.07 vs 1.47 ± 0.11 μg/mL, P < 0.001), inhibited secretion of inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue and increased colonic epithelial cell proliferation(90.04 ± 15.50 vs 22.51 ± 8.22, P < 0.01) were all observed. Reduced apoptosis(149.55 ± 21.68 vs 983.01 ± 98.17, P < 0.05) was also observed. However, significant statistical differences in the results of the Ast2 B group and Ast2 B + Ucn2 group were observed. TXYF was also found to ameliorate symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice and to promote mucosal repair like Ucn2. There were significant differences between the Ast2B + TXYF groups and the TXYF groups.CONCLUSION CRH-R2 activates the intestinal mucosal antiinflammatory response by regulating migration, proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells in colitisinduced mice, and plays an important antiinflammatory role. TXYF promotes mucosal repair in colitis mice by regulating CRH-R2.

A network pharmacology approach to explore action mechanisms of Bi xie and Tu fuling for treating gouty arthritis

Objective:The mechanism of Chinese herbal medicine"Bi xie and Tu fuling"on the treatment of gouty arthritis was explored through network pharmacological methods.Methods:First,the TCMSP Chinese medicine system pharmacology database and analysis platform were used to define the bioavailability(OB)30%and drug-likeness(DL)0.18.Database to mine genetic targets related to gouty arthritis disease.Finally,the two genes are intersected to construct a Chinese medicine regulatory network of Chinese medicine-components-target genes-disease.The genes in the network are used to construct a protein interaction network to find core genes for analysis of GO and KEGG.Results:There were a total of 84 active ingredients in Chinese medicine Poria and Poria cocos,and 17 effective ingredients and 180 genetic targets were obtained after screening.600 disease targets for gouty arthritis were identified,and 58 were common target genes for both.PPI network analysis revealed that IL1β,VEGFA,MAPK1,IL10,and PTGS2 may be drugs for treating gouty arthritis.Key targets.GO enrichment analysis identified 1,399 entries(P<0.05),of which biological processes mainly include biological stimulation,biological regulation,cell metabolism,etc;KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified 152 signal pathways,of which signal pathways involved inflammation,metabolism,In terms of aging,mainly including the IL-4,IL-10,IL-13,IL-17signal pathway,etc.Conclusion:"Bi xie and Tu fuling"drugs have anti-inflammatory and immunological effects on gouty arthritis through multiple targets and multiple pathways.The mechanism of lowering uric acid and protecting liver and kidney is not clear.It needs molecular biology research to improve it.The mechanism of the action of the"Bi xie and Tu fuling"medicine pair provides new ideas for the clinical prescriptions.

Brief Biography of Professor Feng Xie

Dr. Feng Xie is professor of mathe-matics and deputy dean of the College of Science at Donghua University. He earned his Ph. D. in applied mathematics from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 2005. He was a senior visiting scholar at the Mathe-matical Institute of Leiden University from september 2012 to august 2013. Dr. Xie's research interests include canard phenome-na in multiple-scale dynamical systems and singular perturbation theory. He has published more than 30 research papers in prestigious journals such as SI-AM Journal on Aplied Dynamical Systems ,Journal of Nonl inear Science ,Jour-nal of Diferential Equations ,and Asymptotic Analysis. Dr. Xie currently servesas a member of Special Committee on Singular Perturbation , Chinese Mathe-matical Society.

Clinical experience of Professor Xie Jingri in the deficiency-cold of spleen and stomach type of complex peptic ulcer

Objective:To summarize Professor Xie's clinical experience in treating the deficiency cold of spleen and stomach type of complex peptic ulcer.Methods:through the observation of the curative effect of the patients with the deficiency cold of spleen and stomach type of complex peptic ulcer in the outpatient department of liver,spleen and stomach department of our hospital,the dialectical application and clinical experience of Professor Xie Jingri's self-made prescription in clinical practice were summarized.Results:Professor Xie Jingri's self-made prescription can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with the deficiency cold of spleen and stomach type of complex peptic ulcer,and through individual syndrome differentiation and treatment,make the self-made prescription vary from person to person,clinical addition and subtraction,so as to further improve the clinical efficacy of patients.Conclusion:Professor Xie Jingri's self-made prescription is effective in treating complex peptic ulcer of spleen stomach deficiency cold type,which is worthy of further clinical application and promotion.

谢晶日基于因机论治对慢性萎缩性胃炎的药对选用

谢晶日教授从事临床诊疗工作四十余载,学识深邃,医术精湛,立足因机论治,在慢性萎缩性胃炎的诊治中独树一帜。谢晶日教授认为慢性萎缩性胃炎发病与虚、滞、湿、热、瘀、毒联系密切,基本病机无外乎脾胃虚弱、肝郁气滞、气血失调、湿热内蕴、胃络瘀阻、邪毒互结。谢教授在治疗过程中,审病求因,紧扣病机,因机论治,精准选用药对,有效缓解慢性萎缩性胃炎的临床症状,延缓病程的进展,防止癌变的发生。

Impressions on the Book“On the Standard Nomenclature of Traditional Chinese Medicine”(by Professor XIE Zhu-fan,Foreign Languages Press Beijing, 2003)

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is indubitably on the top of Chinese cultural treasures,deeplyimpressed in the mind of Chinese people.Unfortunately,TCM is facing difficulties in the route towardsinternationalization,up till now,TCM has not yet been granted a legal position for clinical practice in aconsiderable number of countries.So it is our responsibility tO make TCM internationalized and push TCMtobe accepted world—wide,even though we know that it is a long way to go.

基于Xie-Beni指数的选择性聚类集成

选择性聚类集成是选择一部分精度高、差异性大的基聚类结果进行集成,从而得到更为有效的聚类集成结果。然而,聚类结果的准确性难以客观度量。为此,文中提出了一种基于Xie-Beni指数的选择性聚类集成算法,该算法采用Xie-Beni指数来度量基聚类结果的有效性,利用并结合NMI(互信息)选择出精度较高的基聚类结果,从而提升聚类结果的准确性。实验结果证实了该算法的有效性。

未来安全技术走向:一体化的“云安全”防护——专访飞塔公司(Fortinet)创始人、总裁兼CEO谢青(Ken Xie)

记者:飞塔公司成立至今已经11年,在这期间您认为网络安全经历了怎样的变化?谢青:飞塔2000年在美国硅谷成立,并于2009年成功在纳斯达克上市,一直专注于网络安全产品研发与方案的提供。从某种层面来讲,网络安全的变化是构建在安全威胁的基础上的,这点从国内一些最终用户购买'防毒墙'的需求上体现得很明显,用户需要病毒的防护、系统漏洞攻击的防护。随着安全威胁的演变。

Xie Tian,Screen Director and Man of Laughter

Xie Tian is now directing Night OwI Column,another film dealing with the common people,this time young sanitation workers in the 1980s.Even though China's film indus-try is in a mild slump at the mo-ment,we wish him the greatest of success.