Livelihood Strategy and Farmland Use in Xinping County of Yuanjiang Dry-hot Valley

Methods of participatory rural appraisal and mathematical statistics were adopted to study livelihood diversification, livelihood strategy and farmland use of the four types of farmers in Xinping County of Yuanjiang dry-hot valley with field survey data. The results showed as follows： firstly, as farmers are transforming from pure agriculture to non-agriculture, their agricultural livelihood diversification index will decrease, while non-agricultural livelihood diversification index will increase. In term of livelihood activities, pure agricultural farmers are exclusively engaged in agricultural activities, agricultural-dominant and non-agricultural-dominant farmers are engaged in both agricultural and non-agricultural ones, while non-agricultural farmers are basically engaged in off-farm activities. Secondly, as for crops planted, pure agricultural and agricultural-dominant farmers tend to choose those crops with more investment,shorter growth period and higher value, meanwhile non-agricultural-dominant farmers tend to choose crops with less investment, simpler management and longer growth period. Thirdly, to cope with current problems in farming, pure agricultural farmers will adopt measures such as changing planting structure, maintaining or expanding planting scale, increasing planting investment and renting in more land to promote the development of farming; agriculture-dominant farmers will adopt measures such as changing planting structure, reducing planting scale, maintaining planting investment, renting in and taking back the leased land as well as engaging in non-agricultural activities to overcome the difficulties faced; while non-agricultural-dominant farmers will adopt measures such as reducing both planting scale and investment,changing planting structure and engaging in farmland transfer as well as various offfarm activities to avoid livelihood risks.

The Quarantine Disease Sugarcane Leaf Scald Found in Xinping Sugarcane Area in Yunnan Province

[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the pathogens causing suspected sugarcane leaf scald symptoms in sugarcane plants found in the Xinping sugarcane area of Yunnan in 2019.[Methods]The XAF1/XAR1 specific primers of Xanthomonas albilineans were used to detect 8 suspected samples from Xinping County,Yunnan Province.[Results]The specific band 600 bp in size was detected.The sequencing results showed that the sequences detected were all 608 bp,and were 100%identical.The BLAST search results showed that the obtained sequence was 100%identical to the nucleotide sequence of X.albilineans GPE PC73 strain(GenBank accession number:FP565176)from France,and they were located in the same branch of the phylogenetic tree.According to the field symptom diagnosis and molecular identification results,the sugarcane disease in Xinping,Yunnan was confirmed to be the quarantine disease sugarcane leaf scald caused by X.allbilineasn.[Conclusions]The pathogens were identified by molecular biological identification methods,providing a scientific basis for the prevention and control of leaf scald disease in the future.

Selection Experiment of Varieties of Maize in Ailao Mountainous Areas

[Objective] This study aimed to select suitable varieties of maize for Ailao mountainous areas, [Method] A comparison test of eight varieties of maize was conducted in Shengli Village, Mosha Town, Xinping County, Yunnan Province from May to October in 2016. [Result] The yield of Shenyu 10 was up to 66.3.4 kg/ 667 m^2 and there were extremely significant differences between Shenyu 10 and Xuanhuangdan 5 （CK）. Moreover, it had strong stress resistance. As Jingdan 12, Beiju 0913, Ante 8000, Yunrui 89 and Yayu 78 were planted in the region, their earing should not appear in rainy months. The inciderce of stem rot and ear rot of Yayu 891 was high, so Yayu 891 should not be planted in the region. [Conclusion] Shenyu 10 had a high yield, suffered few diseases and had strong stress resistance, so it can be popularized widely in the region.