By the end of the 19th century,the missionaries had successfully planted Christianity in Ibadan,Nigeria with its distinguishable architecture.The history of church architecture in Ibadan is synonymous with the beginni...By the end of the 19th century,the missionaries had successfully planted Christianity in Ibadan,Nigeria with its distinguishable architecture.The history of church architecture in Ibadan is synonymous with the beginning of Christianity in Yoruba Country.Based on historical data obtained from the archives and field investigations,the paper traces the development of the church buildings of the missionary churches in Ibadan from the late 19th century to early 21st century.With shifts in the thinking about ideological and liturgical issues in church architecture globally,three distinct phases of development of church buildings in Ibadan are suggested beginning with the mission stations and ending with the modernist church buildings.The paper concludes that attempts to introduce modern architectural expressions in church buildings in Ibadan were increasingly common and strong but traditionalist and historicist approaches to architectural planning of church buildings remained predominant into the 21st century.展开更多
This work argues that Denmark Vesey,Nat Turner,Gabriel Prosser,David Walker,Henry Highland Garnet,amongst a few others were the reactionary(dialectical)exceptions to the black church,not the norm,an(ideological)instit...This work argues that Denmark Vesey,Nat Turner,Gabriel Prosser,David Walker,Henry Highland Garnet,amongst a few others were the reactionary(dialectical)exceptions to the black church,not the norm,an(ideological)institution established to interpellate and indoctrinate blacks to accept their conditions in slavery.In other words,the aforementioned were the enslaved who used Christian dogma to(negative dialectically)respond to the barbarity of slavery by violently convicting white Christian society for not living up to its values,ideas,and ideals given the treatment of African people by so-called Christians.In the latter sense it was reactionary;in the former,it was an ideological apparatus of domination and control for the institution of slavery.The contemporary attempt to racially vindicate the black church as a sui generis revolutionary institution overflowing with Africanisms is ahistorical and ideological reaped in pseudoscientific propositions stemming from postmodern and post-structural theories.展开更多
Religious practices in general,but primarily Christian ones,are undergoing major changes in the modern world,which is rapidly changing day by day.One of the most revealing manifestations of these changes is liturgical...Religious practices in general,but primarily Christian ones,are undergoing major changes in the modern world,which is rapidly changing day by day.One of the most revealing manifestations of these changes is liturgical music,which has always been considered“traditional”,whereas the boundaries of the tradition have been subject to sharp disputes between those responsible for the church ritual and its accessories.The palette of the musical environment of modern church in terms of attendance and congregational acceptability in its sustainable development is addressed in the article based on recent research,in particular,several related studies by A.Rosenblatt,who over the past two decades has explored different aspects of church music heard in the field and presented in various hymnal books.Summary of this review allows us to consider a tangle of reasons to the preference for this or that musical style,which often completely excludes purely musical tastes and preferences.展开更多
Ecosystem services(ES)are the connection between nature and society,and are essential for the well-being of local communities that depend on them.In Ethiopia,church forests and the surrounding agricultural matrix supp...Ecosystem services(ES)are the connection between nature and society,and are essential for the well-being of local communities that depend on them.In Ethiopia,church forests and the surrounding agricultural matrix supply numerous ES.However,the ES delivered by both land use types have not yet been assessed simultaneously.Here we surveyed both church forests and their agricultural matrices,aiming to quantify,compare and unravel the drivers underlying tree-based ES supply,density and multifunctionality.We found that almost all church forests and half of the agricultural matrices provided high ES densities.ES multifunctionality was higher in the agricultural matrices,suggesting that people deliberately conserve or plant multifunctional tree species.Furthermore,the supply of all categories of ES was positively correlated with church forest age(p-value<0.001)in the agricultural matrix,while the extent of church forest was positively correlated with the density of all categories ecosystem services score in the church forests(p-value<0.001).Our results can be used to prioritize conservation efforts at sites that provide high levels of ES supply,ES density and ES multifunctionality,and to prioritize restoration efforts at sites with low levels thereof.展开更多
This paper is on“The Effect of Global Insecurities on the Church in the Post-Corona World:A Study Case of the Church in Africa”.Wuhan,China was where the pandemic started in December 2019.The pandemic spread to all ...This paper is on“The Effect of Global Insecurities on the Church in the Post-Corona World:A Study Case of the Church in Africa”.Wuhan,China was where the pandemic started in December 2019.The pandemic spread to all the nations of the world contextually;it has caused human deaths,disrupted health security and social life,hindered African cultural security,caused economic down tone,and plagued religious congregational meetings leading to a decline in the Church’s income,etc.,in Africa.Obviously,the world has not overcome the negative psychological and economic shock caused by this deadly disease.Yet,an increase in the global insecurities from other agents of insecurity in the post-corona world has been recorded.The world,contextually,the church in Africa is plagued by the rise of insecurities that have made development unattainable.Today,Africa is faced with many challenges which have great negative effects on the church and holistic growth.Terrorism,conflict,border closures,health challenges,economic crises,political uproar,and so on have great negative influence on the church in Africa and other sectors of the nations of the world.The paper investigates into the pre-security challenges era of the church in Africa.Moreover,the paper investigates how the church in Africa has deviated from fundamental Christian cultural originality as a consequence of the post-corona effects and negative influence of the other agents of insecurity on the church in Africa.The concomitant effect of the aforementioned agents of insecurity on the church and the general societies in Africa are examined.Furthermore,this paper hopes to give some suggestive panaceas to ameliorate effects of the agents of insecurity on the church in Africa.The research methods utilized in this paper consist of the socio-historical,internet explorations,interviews,and analytical approaches.展开更多
文摘By the end of the 19th century,the missionaries had successfully planted Christianity in Ibadan,Nigeria with its distinguishable architecture.The history of church architecture in Ibadan is synonymous with the beginning of Christianity in Yoruba Country.Based on historical data obtained from the archives and field investigations,the paper traces the development of the church buildings of the missionary churches in Ibadan from the late 19th century to early 21st century.With shifts in the thinking about ideological and liturgical issues in church architecture globally,three distinct phases of development of church buildings in Ibadan are suggested beginning with the mission stations and ending with the modernist church buildings.The paper concludes that attempts to introduce modern architectural expressions in church buildings in Ibadan were increasingly common and strong but traditionalist and historicist approaches to architectural planning of church buildings remained predominant into the 21st century.
文摘This work argues that Denmark Vesey,Nat Turner,Gabriel Prosser,David Walker,Henry Highland Garnet,amongst a few others were the reactionary(dialectical)exceptions to the black church,not the norm,an(ideological)institution established to interpellate and indoctrinate blacks to accept their conditions in slavery.In other words,the aforementioned were the enslaved who used Christian dogma to(negative dialectically)respond to the barbarity of slavery by violently convicting white Christian society for not living up to its values,ideas,and ideals given the treatment of African people by so-called Christians.In the latter sense it was reactionary;in the former,it was an ideological apparatus of domination and control for the institution of slavery.The contemporary attempt to racially vindicate the black church as a sui generis revolutionary institution overflowing with Africanisms is ahistorical and ideological reaped in pseudoscientific propositions stemming from postmodern and post-structural theories.
文摘Religious practices in general,but primarily Christian ones,are undergoing major changes in the modern world,which is rapidly changing day by day.One of the most revealing manifestations of these changes is liturgical music,which has always been considered“traditional”,whereas the boundaries of the tradition have been subject to sharp disputes between those responsible for the church ritual and its accessories.The palette of the musical environment of modern church in terms of attendance and congregational acceptability in its sustainable development is addressed in the article based on recent research,in particular,several related studies by A.Rosenblatt,who over the past two decades has explored different aspects of church music heard in the field and presented in various hymnal books.Summary of this review allows us to consider a tangle of reasons to the preference for this or that musical style,which often completely excludes purely musical tastes and preferences.
基金flnancial support from VLIR-UOS,Belgium through the VLIR-IUC Interuniversity cooperation with Bahir Dar University,Ethiopia (BDU-IUC)
文摘Ecosystem services(ES)are the connection between nature and society,and are essential for the well-being of local communities that depend on them.In Ethiopia,church forests and the surrounding agricultural matrix supply numerous ES.However,the ES delivered by both land use types have not yet been assessed simultaneously.Here we surveyed both church forests and their agricultural matrices,aiming to quantify,compare and unravel the drivers underlying tree-based ES supply,density and multifunctionality.We found that almost all church forests and half of the agricultural matrices provided high ES densities.ES multifunctionality was higher in the agricultural matrices,suggesting that people deliberately conserve or plant multifunctional tree species.Furthermore,the supply of all categories of ES was positively correlated with church forest age(p-value<0.001)in the agricultural matrix,while the extent of church forest was positively correlated with the density of all categories ecosystem services score in the church forests(p-value<0.001).Our results can be used to prioritize conservation efforts at sites that provide high levels of ES supply,ES density and ES multifunctionality,and to prioritize restoration efforts at sites with low levels thereof.
文摘This paper is on“The Effect of Global Insecurities on the Church in the Post-Corona World:A Study Case of the Church in Africa”.Wuhan,China was where the pandemic started in December 2019.The pandemic spread to all the nations of the world contextually;it has caused human deaths,disrupted health security and social life,hindered African cultural security,caused economic down tone,and plagued religious congregational meetings leading to a decline in the Church’s income,etc.,in Africa.Obviously,the world has not overcome the negative psychological and economic shock caused by this deadly disease.Yet,an increase in the global insecurities from other agents of insecurity in the post-corona world has been recorded.The world,contextually,the church in Africa is plagued by the rise of insecurities that have made development unattainable.Today,Africa is faced with many challenges which have great negative effects on the church and holistic growth.Terrorism,conflict,border closures,health challenges,economic crises,political uproar,and so on have great negative influence on the church in Africa and other sectors of the nations of the world.The paper investigates into the pre-security challenges era of the church in Africa.Moreover,the paper investigates how the church in Africa has deviated from fundamental Christian cultural originality as a consequence of the post-corona effects and negative influence of the other agents of insecurity on the church in Africa.The concomitant effect of the aforementioned agents of insecurity on the church and the general societies in Africa are examined.Furthermore,this paper hopes to give some suggestive panaceas to ameliorate effects of the agents of insecurity on the church in Africa.The research methods utilized in this paper consist of the socio-historical,internet explorations,interviews,and analytical approaches.
