Xueshuantong improves cerebral blood perfusion in elderly patients with lacunar infarction

A total of 64 patients with acute lacunar infarction were enrolled within 24 hours of onset. The patients received conventional therapy （antiplatelet drugs and hypolipidemic drugs） alone or conventional therapy plus 450 mg Xueshuantong once a day. The main ingredient of the Xueshuantong lyophilized powder used for injection was Panax notoginseng saponins. Assessments were made at admission and at discharge using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, the Activity of Daily Living and the Mini-Mental State Examination. Additionally, the relative cerebral blood flow, relative cerebral blood volume and relative mean transit time in the region of interest were calculated within 24 hours after the onset of lacunar infarction, using dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance perfusion imaging technology. Patients underwent a follow-up MRI scan after 4 weeks of treatment. There was an improvement in the Activity of Daily Living scores and a greater reduction in the scores on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in the treatment group than in the control group. However, the Mini-Mental State Examination scores showed no significant differences after 4 weeks of treatment. Compared with the control group, the relative cerebral blood flow at discharge had increased and showed a greater improvement in the treatment group. Furthermore, there was a reduction in the relative mean transit time at discharge and the value was lower in the treatment group than in the control group. The experimental findings indicate that Xueshuantong treatment improves neurological deficits in elderly patients with lacunar infarction, and the mechanism may be related to increased cerebral perfusion.

Clinical Studies on Treatment of Acute Cerebral Infarction with Xueshuantong(血栓通)Injection

Objective: To observe the effect of Xueshuantong injection (XST,血栓通注射液) with its ingredient as Notoginseng saponin, on acute cerebral infarction (ACI) and on blood coagulation and fibri-nolysis, so as to comprehensively analyse the mechanism of XST. Methods: Fifty ACI patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, and XST group (30 patients) was treated with XST, and the control group (20 patients) given low molecular dextrose, as well as low molecular heparin calcium. The course of treatment for both groups was 15 days. The changes of effective rate, score of neurologic impairment, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), inhibitor of plasminogen activator (PAI), D-D dimmer, antithrombin-III (AT-III), and fibrinogen (Fbg) were all observed. Results: The total effective rate of XST group was 73.33%, that of the control group 65. 00%. After the therapy, plasma level of tPA, ratio of tPA/PAI, and AT-III content were increased obviously, while the plasma level of PAI and D-D dimmer were decreased significantly (all P<0.01) . But there was only insignificant difference between the 2 groups (P> 0.05).Conclusion: XST injection could be effective to ACI, the mechanism of which is probably related to improving the balance between plasminogen activator and its inhibitory factor, increasing the activity of fi-brinolysin, inactivating thrombin, inhibiting platelet aggregation induced by thrombin, and decreasing blood coagulation.

Effects of Xueshuantong combined with antioxidant drugs on nerve conduction function and oxidative stress in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Objective:To study the effect of Xueshuantong combined with antioxidant drugs on nerve conduction function and oxidative stress in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods: 138 cases of patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy who were treated in endocrinology department of our hospital between June 2014 and October 2016 were enrolled and randomly divided into two groups. The combination group received Xueshuantong combined with antioxidant drug therapy, and the control group received antioxidant drug therapy. Before and after treatment, the nerve conduction velocity as well as serum content of oxidative stress indexes and nerve cytokines was measured.Results: 4 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment, common peroneal nerve and median nerve MNCV and SNCV as well as serum SOD, GSH-Px, HO-1, CAT, CNTF, BDNF and SDF-1 levels of both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment while serum MDA, AOPP and 8-OHdG levels were significantly lower than those before treatment, and common peroneal nerve and median nerve MNCV and SNCV as well as serum SOD, GSH-Px, HO-1, CAT, CNTF, BDNF and SDF-1 levels of combination group were significantly higher than those of control group while serum MDA, AOPP and 8-OHdG levels were significantly lower than those of control group.Conclusion:Xueshuantong combined with antioxidant drugs can improve the nerve conduction function, inhibit oxidative stress response and improve neurotrophy status in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Clinical Effect of Laser Treatment Combined with Compound Xueshuantong Capsule in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy

Objective:To determine the clinical value of compound Xueshuantong capsule in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy on the basis of laser treatment.Methods:Data were collected from 98 patients with diabetic retinopathy from February 2021 to February 2022.They were divided into two groups by drawing lots.The experimental group was treated with compound Xueshuantong capsule and laser treatment,whereas the control group was treated with laser treatment alone.Results:The absorption of exudation,resolution of retinal edema,and absorption of bleeding took longer in the control group;the incidence of visual acuity recovery to more than 0.5 and the patients’blood glucose levels were better in the experimental group,p<0.05.Conclusion:For patients with diabetic retinopathy,laser treatment combined with compound Xueshuantong capsule can effectively improve the visual function and rehabilitation efficiency of patients with diabetic retinopathy as well as stabilize their blood sugar levels.It has high clinical application value.

血栓通对阿尔茨海默症模型小鼠认知功能及神经异常兴奋性的作用及其机制研究

目的探究血栓通[主要有效成分为三七皂苷(panax notoginseng,PNS)]对阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)模型小鼠认知功能及神经兴奋性的影响,并探讨其潜在分子机制。方法用APP/PS1小鼠作为AD研究动物模型,在小鼠淀粉样蛋白尚未检测到阶段(2月龄)开始每日以60 mg/kg对血栓通组(APP/PS1+PNS)行灌胃给药,每日1次,连续给药6个月(给药至8月龄);对照组小鼠予同等体积的0.9%氯化钠(APP/PS1+vehicle)灌胃处理,同月龄野生型小鼠予0.9%氯化钠灌胃处理作为正常对照组(WT+vehicle),每组各15只。6个月后,新物体识别实验、Morris水迷宫实验检测小鼠的认知功能;EEG脑电检测、Western blot、细胞表面生物素化试验以检测各组小鼠皮质与海马中BACE1的活性、Nav1.1α的分布、表达以及Navβ2的表达与酶解情况(Navβ2的酶解片段Navβ2 full length及Navβ2-CTF表达检测)。结果新物体识别实验显示,与对照组APP/PS1小鼠相比,血栓通用药后APP/PS1小鼠的辨别指数(discrimination index,DI)上升(P<0.05);Morris水迷宫检测结果发现,血栓通灌胃6个月后小鼠在探索实验中逃避潜伏期缩短(P<0.05),撤除平台后在目标象限停留时间增加(P<0.05)、穿梭平台次数增加(P<0.05);EEG脑电检测结果发现,血栓通给药后减少了APP/PS1小鼠棘波放电出现的频率(P<0.05)。血栓通给药后显著降低了BACE1蛋白水平的表达(P<0.05),而全长片段Navβ2的蛋白水平显著上升(P<0.05),并纠正了Nav1.1α在神经元内外的异常分布(P<0.05)。结论血栓通可以改善AD模型小鼠的学习记忆能力、纠正大脑异常兴奋性,其作用机制可能与抑制BACE1的活性从而减少Navβ2由APP/PS1诱导的过度酶解,纠正皮质、海马神经元Nav1.1α的异常表达与分布,调节神经元的兴奋性有关。

血栓通注射液联合奥拉西坦对老年缺血性脑卒中的作用

目的探讨血栓通注射液联合奥拉西坦对老年缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)的作用。方法选取106例老年IS患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组53例。对照组用奥拉西坦治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上联合血栓通注射液治疗,比较2组的临床疗效、神经功能[用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表评分(national institute of health stroke scale,NIHSS)评估]、运动功能(用日常生活活动能力(activities of daily living,ADL)量表评估)、颈动脉狭窄程度(颈动脉内中膜厚度和狭窄率)、血流动力学(全血黏度、血流速度和血流阻力)、神经损伤因子[神经胶质原纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron-specific enolase,NSE)和脑源性神经生长因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)]和氧化应激指标[丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)]水平。结果观察组的总有效率为98.11%,高于对照组的86.79%(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组的NIHSS评分为(10.14±1.91)分,低于对照组的(12.43±2.12)分,P<0.05;观察组的ADL评分为(64.49±8.30)分,高于对照组的(58.37±7.26)分,P<0.05;观察组颈动脉内中膜厚度和狭窄率分别为(1.27±0.11)mm、(74.84%±5.14%),低于对照组[(1.33±0.13)mm、(78.92%±5.95%)],P<0.05;观察组(高切和低切)全血黏度和血流阻力分别为(4.72±0.91)mPa·s、(10.99±2.25)mPa·s、(1.52±0.24)Pa·s·L^(-1),低于对照组[(5.86±1.17)mPa·s、(13.40±2.77)mPa·s、(1.64±0.27)Pa·s·L^(-1)],血流速度为(18.33±3.85)cm·s^(-1),高于对照组[(16.51±3.61)cm·s^(-1)],P<0.05;观察组的GFAP和NSE分别为(5.62±1.11)、(23.88±4.25)ng·mL^(-1),低于对照组[(6.57±1.30)、(27.17±4.76)ng·mL^(-1)],BDNF为(3.06±0.77)ng·mL^(-1),高于对照组[(2.38±0.52)ng·mL^(-1)],P<0.05;观察组的MDA为(3.62±0.63)μmol·L^(-1),低于对照组[(4.05±0.78)μmol·L^(-1)],SOD为(105.20±15.63)U·mL^(-1),高于对照组[(93.42±13.27)U·mL^(-1)],P<0.05。结论血栓通注射液联合奥拉西坦对老年IS患者疗效显著,可通过调节神经损伤因子和氧化应激因子水平及改善血流动力学,提高患者的神经功能和运动功能,改善颈动脉狭窄。

注射用血栓通辅助治疗急性脑梗死临床研究

目的探讨急性脑梗死患者经注射用血栓通治疗后其脑血流动力学、炎症指标及神经细胞因子的变化情况。方法根据随机数字表法分配原则将152例2020年1月—2022年8月该院收治的急性脑梗死患者分为对照组(76例)和试验组(76例)。两组均给予常规治疗,对照组在常规治疗基础上给予依达拉奉注射液进行治疗,试验组在对照组基础上给予注射用血栓通进行治疗,两组均连续治疗2周。比较两组治疗2周后的疗效,治疗前和治疗2周后的临床相关评分、脑血流动力学、炎症指标、神经细胞因子及治疗期间的安全性。结果与对照组比较,试验组治疗2周后的总有效率较高[93.42%(71/76)vs 81.58%(62/76),P<0.05)]。治疗2周后,两组美国国立卫生院卒中量表(National Institutes of Health stroke scale,NIHSS)、改良Rankin量表(improved Rankin scale,mRS)评分、动态阻力(dynamic resistance,DR)、外周阻力(peripheral resistance,Rv)及血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metalloproteinases-9,MMP-9)、同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine,Hcy)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、白细胞介素-2(interleukin-2,IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)水平与治疗前比较均降低,试验组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组Barthel指数(Barthel index,BI)评分、平均血流速度(mean blood flow velocity,Vm)、平均血流量(mean blood flow,Qm)及血清神经营养因子(neurotrophic factor,NTF)、神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)、胰岛素样生长因子-1(insulin-like growth factor-1,IGF-1)水平与治疗前比较均升高,试验组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗期间,试验组不良反应总发生率为6.58%(5/76),与对照组(9.21%,7/76)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论注射用血栓通可有效调节急性脑梗死患者炎症指标及神经细胞因子,减轻机体炎症及神经功能缺损程度,改善神经功能,并可平衡脑血流动力学,进而可促进患者生活质量的改善,提高疗效,且具有良好的安全性。

复方血栓通胶囊治疗非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变效果的Meta分析

目的系统评价复方血栓通胶囊治疗非增殖期糖尿病视网膜病变(NPDR)的效果。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、Embase、PubMed和The Cochrane Library数据库(检索时间为建库至2022年4月),纳入复方血栓通胶囊治疗NPDR的随机对照研究。2位分析员独立筛选、阅读、提取文献资料并评价相关偏倚风险后,采用RevMan5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入8条文献,包括1048例患者。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组可显著提高患者的临床疗效[RR=1.27,95%CI(1.18,1.36),P<0.00001],减轻黄斑水肿[MD=-26.27,95%CI(-35.72,-16.83),P<0.00001],改善患者眼动脉血流动力学指标[MDPSV=1.10,95%CI(0.82,1.39),P<0.00001;MDEDV=0.73,95%CI(0.60,0.86),P<0.00001;MDRI=-0.02,95%CI(-0.03,-0.01),P<0.00001];试验组与对照组的视网膜中央动脉血流动力学指标无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论复方血栓通胶囊可显著提高NPDR患者的临床疗效、减轻黄斑水肿、改善眼动脉血流动力学指标,但对视网膜中央动脉血流动力学指标无显著改善作用。

基于miR-29b/TGF-β/Smad信号通路探讨复方血栓通对糖尿病视网膜病变大鼠作用的机制 分析

目的基于miR-29b/转化生长因子β(TGF-β)/Smad信号通路探讨复方血栓通对糖尿病视网病变(DR)大鼠的的作用机制。方法100只雄性SD大鼠,其中80只建立糖尿病模型,20只作为正常组。通过腹腔注射1%链脲佐菌素(STZ)成功建立糖尿病DR大鼠模型72只,按照随机数字表法将其分为模型组、二甲双胍组、复方血栓通1组、复方血栓通2组,每组各18只。二甲双胍组通过灌胃二甲双胍184 mg/kg,复方血栓通1组通过灌胃复方血栓通片100 mg/kg,复方血栓通2组通过灌胃复方血栓通片200 mg/kg,给药10周。正常组大鼠随意给予正常饮食和饮用水,而模型组、二甲双胍组、复方血栓通1组、复方血栓通2组大鼠喂以高脂肪饮食,直至第16周末。测定并比较各组大鼠血清胰岛素与血糖水平,比较各组大鼠血清细胞因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β和IL-6]、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛水平。实时荧光定量PCR与蛋白印迹法分别检测各组大鼠视网膜组织中miR-29b表达与TGF-β/Smad信号通路蛋白表达。结果与正常组相比,模型组大鼠血清胰岛素及30、60、90 min内血糖均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,二甲双胍组、复方血栓通1组、复方血栓通2组大鼠血清胰岛素及30、60、90 min内血糖水平均显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与正常组相比,模型组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平均显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,二甲双胍组、复方血栓通1组、复方血栓通2组大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平均显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与正常组相比,模型组血清中的血清SOD活性显著降低,丙二醛含量显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,二甲双胍组、复方血栓通1组、复方血栓通2组大鼠血清SOD活性显著增加,丙二醛含量降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。正常组大鼠眼球视网膜视盘结构清晰,各层细胞排列整齐;模型组大鼠部分视网膜细胞水肿,层次模糊,排列稀疏紊乱,盘间隙呈空泡状,核染色质致密;二甲双胍组、复方血栓通1组、复方血栓通2组大鼠上述视网膜病变显著逆转。与正常组相比,模型组大鼠视网膜组织中miR-29b、TGF-β、p-Smad-3蛋白水平均显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与模型组比较,二甲双胍组、复方血栓通1组、复方血栓通2组大鼠视网膜组织中miR-29b、TGF-β、p-Smad-3蛋白水平均显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二甲双胍组、复方血栓通1组、复方血栓通2组组间大鼠以上各指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论复方血栓通可显著改善大鼠视网膜病变通过抑制机体氧化应激与炎症因子水平,其机制可能与抑制miR-29b/TGF-β/Smad信号通路相关。

注射用丹参多酚酸联合血栓通对缺氧复氧损伤血脑屏障紧密连接蛋白表达的影响

血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)通过精密控制血液与脑实质之间的物质交换维持脑内微环境,保证神经系统功能。脑微血管内皮细胞作为组成BBB的核心,通过细胞间紧密连接蛋白(tight junction protei,TJs)来维持BBB的屏障完整[1-2]。研究表明[3-4],BBB的破坏是造成缺血性卒中出血转化及加重脑损伤的重要因素。因此,维持BBB的完整可能是缺血性卒中的重要治疗策略。

复方血栓通辅助贝伐单抗治疗对湿性老年黄斑变性主要和次要结局的作用

目的探讨复方血栓通辅助贝伐单抗治疗湿性老年黄斑变性(wAMD)的临床效果。方法选取2021年4月至2023年5月收治的62例wAMD患者,随机数字表法分为2组,各31例。单抗组予以贝伐单抗治疗,联合组予以复方血栓通联合贝伐单抗治疗,2组均治疗3个月。比较2组临床疗效、最佳矫正视力(BCVA)最小分辨角对数(LogMAR)、黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CRT)、眼血流动力学[收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、阻力指数(RI)]、血清因子[血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、IL-6、IL-17、血管内皮细胞生长抑制因子(VEGI)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]及不良反应。结果联合组总有效率为93.55%(29/31)高于单抗组70.97%(22/31)(P<0.05)。联合组治疗1、3个月后BCVA(LogMAR)优于单抗组,CRT低于单抗组(P<0.05);联合组治疗1、3个月后RI、IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1、IL-17、VEGF低于单抗组,PSV、EDV、VEGI高于单抗组(P<0.05)。联合组贝伐单抗的注射次数少于单抗组(P<0.01)。2组不良反应发生率比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论复方血栓通辅助贝伐单抗治疗wAMD可有效调控血管生成因子水平,抑制促炎因子,改善眼血流动力学,减少贝伐单抗注射次数,从而改善局部病变,且治疗安全性高。

基于网络药理学的复方血栓通胶囊治疗视网膜静脉阻塞机制研究

目的:基于网络药理学方法探究复方血栓通胶囊治疗视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion,RVO)的潜在作用靶点及机制。方法:利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform,TCMSP)获取三七、黄芪、丹参、玄参的活性成分及相关靶点。运用GeneCards、在线孟德尔人类遗传数据库(online mendelian inheritance in man,OMIM)以及DrugBank数据库获取RVO的相关作用靶点,采用Cytoscape 3.7.2软件绘制“疾病-药物-活性成分-靶点”图,借助STRING数据库建立靶点蛋白-蛋白互作网络(protein-protein interactions,PPI),并挖掘其中潜在的蛋白质功能模块。最后通过Metascape平台进行基因本体论功能(gene ontology,GO)富集分析和京都基因与基因组百科全书(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes,KEGG)富集分析。结果:筛选得到复方血栓通胶囊119个有效活性成分,有效靶点202个,RVO的疾病靶点1539个,最终获得复方血栓通胶囊治疗RVO有效靶点115个,通过PPI筛选出主要核心靶点10个,富集分析得到的有效靶点主要参与癌症相关通路,糖尿病并发症相关AGE-RAGE、流体剪切应力与动脉粥样硬化、白细胞介素17、肿瘤坏死因子、PI3K-Akt、MAPK等信号通路。结论:复方血栓通胶囊主要通过调节氧化应激、炎症因子、新血管生成、细胞凋亡等过程治疗RVO。

Protection of Salvianolate Lyophilized Injection combined with Xueshuantong Injection (Lyophilized) against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats through suppression of inflammatory response

Objective： Inflammatory reactions induced by microglia in the brain play an important part in the pathogenesis of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion （I/R） injury, resulting in neuronal death. Salvianolate Lyophilized Injection （SLI） and Xueshuantong Injection （Lyophilized） （XST）, which have been widely used in the treatment of acutely cerebral infarction clinically in China, exhibit various biological activities. In this study, the neuroprotective properties of SLI combined with XST in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion- reperfusion （MCAO/R） were investigated. Methods： In this study, male Wistar rats were subjected to 1.5h of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion for 24 h. The rats were randomly divided into the following six groups： normal group （NOR）, model group （MOD）, SLI group （21 mg/kg, SLI）, ）（ST group （100 mg/kg, ）（ST）, SLI combined with XST （XST 100 mg/kg ＋ SLI 21 mg/kg, 1X1S）, and Edaravone （as a positive control drug, 6 mL/kg, EDI）, once a day for 3 d. The neuronal injury, the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 （IBA-1）, and the changes of pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin- 6 （IL-6）, tumor necrosis factor alpha （TNF-α） and anti-inflammatory mediator interleukin-10 （IL-10） were observed. Results： 1X1S treatment significantly increased the number of neuron, compared with the MOD group, SH group and XST group. Gliosis （GFAP and IBA-1） and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6 and TNF-a were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, 1XIS significantly increased the expression of anti- inflammatory mediator IL-10 in the brains of MCAO/R rats, compared with the MOD group, SLI and XST groups. SLI and XST also remarkably down-regulated the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α compared with the MOD group. Conclusions： This study shows that SLI combined with XST （1X1S） can protect cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury due to its anti-inflammatory property, and may provide a potential promising new therapeutic strategy for acute ischemic stroke.

Effect of compatible herbs on the pharmacokinetics of effective components of Panax notoginseng in Fufang Xueshuantong Capsule

Fufang Xueshuantong （FXT） is a well-known Chinese herbal formula which has been used to treat car- diovascular and ophthalmic diseases, especially diabetic retinopathy. Panax notoginseng （Burkill） F.H. Chen （PN） is the main herb of FXT, whose major bioactive constituents are ginsenosides. However, the scientific basis of the compatibility of FXT is still ambiguous. The present study investigated the scientific basis of the compatibility of FXT by comparing the pharmacokinetics of marker compounds after oral administrations of PN and FXT. A high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （HPLC-ESI-MS/MS） method was devel- oped for simultaneous detection of notoginsenoside R1 （NR1）, ginsenoside Rgl （GRgl）, and ginsenoside Rbl （GRbl） in rat plasma. The pharmacokinetic studies of FXT and PN were performed using the established method with the pharmacokinetic parameters being determined by non-compartmental analysis. The results showed that the phar- macokinetic parameters （maximum concentration, area under the curve （AUC0-t）, clearance, and mean residence time） of NR1, GRgl, and GRbl were significantly different after oral administration of FXT （P〈0.05） compared with PN. The AUO0-t values of GRgl and GRbl were 1.7- and 3.4-fold greater, respectively, in FXT than in PN. The compatible herbs of FXT could prolong the retention time and increase the systemic exposure of NR1, GRgl, and GRbl compared with PN in vivo, providing some scientific basis for the compatibility and clinical use of FXT.

Effect of Fufang Xueshuantong Capsule(复方血栓通胶囊) on A Rat Model of Retinal Vein Occlusion

Objective：To establish a retinal vein occlusion（RVO） animal model and observe the therapeutic effect of a Chinese herbal composition（Fufang Xueshuantong Capsule,复方血栓通胶囊,FXC） in ischemic retinal disease.Methods：Fifteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laser photothrombosis to induce RVO on their right eyes and were subsequently randomized to receive FXC（the intervention group,n=7） or placebo treatment（the control group,n=8）.Fundus fluorescein angiography was performed after 2,4 and 8 weeks of treatment.Real-time reverse transcription-PCR was used to quantify the mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor（VEGF） and stromal cell-derived factor-1（SDF-1）.The main outcomes were the mRNA copies of VEGF and SDF-1 and the counts of RVO signs.Results：Laser photothrombosis procedure induced typical lesions of RVO,including hemorrhage,leakage,retinal detachment,capillary non-perfusion,filling defect of retinal vessels,and lateral circulation/dilation of small vessels.The retinal lesions were associated with an increased expression of VEGF（P0.05）.No significant change of SDF-1 expression was noticed.Compared with the control group,the intervention group had numerically fewer RVO lesions at week 2（1.71±0.76 vs.3.50±1.51,t=-2.82,P0.05）.The benefit of intervention remained at weeks 4 and 8.Conclusions：A rat model of laser photothrombosis-induced RVO was established and an increase in the VEGF expression was observed in the retinal lesion.The FXC had therapeutic benefit in improving retinal lesions in the rat model of RVO.

Xueshuantong for Injection(Lyophilized,注射用血栓通)Alleviates Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Retinopathy in Rats

Objective To investigate the ameliorate effect and underlying mechanism of Xueshuantong for Injection(Lyophilized,注射用血栓通,XST)in streptozocin(STZ)-induced diabetic retinopathy(DR)rats.Methods Diabetes mellitus(DM)model was induced by intraperitoneal(i.p.)injection of STZ(60 mg/kg)in Sprague-Dawley rats.Diabetic rats were randomized into 3 groups(n=10)according to a random number table,including DM,XST50 and XST100 groups.XST treatment groups were daily i.p.injected with 50 or 100 mg/kg XST for 60 days,respectively.The control and DM groups were given i.p.injection with saline.Blood glucose level and body weight were recorded every week.Histological changes in the retina tissues were observed with hematoxylin-eosin staining.Apoptosis and inflammation related factors,including cleaved caspase-3,glial fifibrillary acidic protein(GFAP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1)were detected by Western blot or real-time polymerase chain reaction.Then,the levels of advanced glycation end product(AGE)and its receptor(RAGE)were investigated.Tight junctions proteins(Zonula occludens-1(ZO-1),Occludin and Claudin-5)of blood-retinal barrier were detected by Western blot.The levels of retinal fifibrosis,transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)-Smad2/3 signaling pathway were evaluated at last.Results There was no signifificant difference in the body weight and blood glucose level between XST and DM groups(P>0.05).Compared with the DM group,XST treatment signifificantly increased the retinal thickness of rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and suppressed cleaved caspase-3 expression(P<0.01).XST increased the protein expressions of ZO-1,Occludin and Claudin-5 and decreased the mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)and MMP-9(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Moreover,XST signifificantly reduced the productions of AGE and RAGE proteins in the retina of rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01),suppressed the over-expression of TNF-α,and decreased the elevated level of ICAM-1 in retina of rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01).XST signifificantly reduced the levels ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),connective tissue growth factor(CTGF),TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of Smad2/3 protein in rats(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusions XST had protective effects on DR with possible mechanisms of inhibiting the inflammation and apoptosis,up-regulating the expression of tight junction proteins,suppressing the productions of AGE and RAGE proteins,and blocking the TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.XST treatment might play a role for the future therapeutic strategy against DR.

血栓通联合阿替普酶治疗急性脑梗死的效果及对脑血流动力学的影响

目的分析血栓通联合阿替普酶治疗急性脑梗死的效果及对脑血流动力学的影响。方法选取2015年4月至2021年10月收治的200例急性脑梗死患者为研究对象,对其进行编号,依据编号的奇偶性将其分为对照组和观察组,各100例。对照组采用阿替普酶治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合血栓通治疗。比较两组的治疗效果。结果观察组的治疗总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的全血高切黏度(HBV)、全血低切黏度(LBV)、血细胞比容(HCT)及血沉(ESR)低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组椎动脉(VA)和双侧大脑中动脉(MCA)的平均血流速度(Vm)及收缩期峰流速度(Vs)高于对照组,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组的S-100β、内皮缩血管肽-1(ET-1)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)及神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组的不良反应总发生率无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论血栓通联合阿替普酶治疗急性脑梗死的效果良好,可改善患者的脑血流动力学、血液流变学指标,提升神经功能,且安全性理想,具有重要应用价值。

复方脑肽节苷脂联合血栓通治疗缺血性脑卒中的效果

目的探讨复方脑肽节苷脂联合血栓通治疗缺血性脑卒中(IS)的效果。方法选取2023年2月至2023年10月本院收治的80例IS患者,按照抽签法分为两组。对照组采用血栓通治疗,观察组采用复方脑肽节苷脂联合血栓通治疗。比较两组的治疗效果、认知功能、日常生活能力和炎性因子。结果两组的总有效率比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,两组MMSE、BI评分升高,且观察组MMSE、BI评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组的IL-10水平升高,TNF-α、NSE水平降低,且观察组IL-10水平高于对照组,TNF-α、NSE水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论复方脑肽节苷脂联合血栓通治疗可改善IS患者的认知功能及日常生活能力,抑制炎性因子。

Chemical Analysis of Xueshuantong Lyophilized Powder by LC-MS Profiling

Objective To elucidate the chemical components of Xueshuantong （XST） Lyophilized Powder and primarily disclose the chemical difference between XST and Panax notoginseng roots. Methods Liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （LC-ESI-MSn） was used to profile the saponins in XST and P. notoginseng. Structural elucidation was based on spectral analyses of negative and positive ESI-MS3 data, and the comparison of the retention behaviors. Results The optimized LC-MS profiling approach enabled resolution of major saponins. The negative mode ESI-MS3 fragmentation gave diagnostic information on the nature （neutral loss 162 Da for GIc, 146 Da for Rha, and 132 Da for a pentose） and sequence （priority： terminal 〉 inner） of sugars and sapogenins （m/z 475 for protopanaxatriol; re^z459 for protopanaxadiol）, while the intact glycosyl portion could be characterized by characteristic Zoα, Cnnα＋, and Cnβ＋ （n = 2 or 3） obtained in the positive mode. Ultimately, a total of 30 saponins were characterized from XST. Compared with the roots of P. notoginseng, three malonyl-ginsenosides, ginsenoside Rd, and gyponoside XVII （or its isomer） were almost undetectable, and showed potential significance for their differentiation. Conclusion The established LC-MS profiling approach is powerful for the chemical analysis of P. notoginseng and its preparations such as XST.

复方血栓通胶囊联合雷珠单抗治疗糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效及对血清hs-CRP、Ang-2水平的影响

目的:探究复方血栓通胶囊联合雷珠单抗治疗糖尿病视网膜病变(Diabetic retinopathy,DR)的疗效及对促血管生成素(Angiopoietin-2,Ang-2)以及超敏C-反应蛋白(High-sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)水平的影响。方法:选取2019年6月至2021年12月于我院确诊120例的双眼糖尿病视网膜病变患者作为研究对象,应用随机抽样法分为观察组和对照组,各60例(120眼)。对照组采用雷珠单抗注射治疗;观察组在对照组基础上增加口服复方血栓通胶囊。比较两组患者治疗前后的hs-CRP、Ang-2水平变化、黄斑中心凹厚度(Central macular thickness,CMT)、最佳矫正视力(Best-corrected visual acuity,BCVA)以及不良反应发生率。结果:治疗6 m后,两组患者hs-CRP水平、CMT明显下降,且观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.05);两组患者Ang-2水平、视力水平明显上升,且观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组视力提高占比明显高于对照组,视力下降患者占比明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:复方血栓通胶囊联合雷珠单抗应用于糖尿病视网膜病变患者可有效降低hs-CRP、Ang-2水平,减轻视网膜水肿,提高患者视力,改善患者视功能,大大提高患者的生活质量。