Case Records as Medical Stories: A Song-dynasty Doctor’s Narration of His Own Medicine-Xu Shuwei (1080-1154)

The key point in studying or teaching the history of Chinese medicine is on the doctrines underlying it and on its perception of the body,physiology,pathology,and its treatment.Namely,there is often a tendency to focus on reading and analysing the classical canons and therapy-related texts including formularies and materia medica collections.However,focusing on these sources provides us with a one-sided presentation of Chinese medicine.These primary sources lack the clinical down-to-earth know-how that encompasses medical treatment,which are represented,for instance,in the clinical rounds of modern medical schools.Our traditional focus on the medical canons and formularies provides almost no clinical knowledge,leaving us with a one-sided narrative that ignores how medicine and healing are actually practiced in the field.This paper focuses on the latter aspect of medicine from a historical perspective.Using written and visual sources dating to the Song dynasty,clinical encounters between doctors and patients including their families are depicted based on case records recorded by a physician,members of the patient’s family,and bystanders.This array of case records or case stories will enable us to narrate the interaction between physicians and patients both from the clinical perspective and from the social interaction.This paper will also discuss visual depictions of the medical encounter to provide another perspective for narrating medicine during the Song dynasty.Medical case records and paintings depicting medical encounters are exemplary of the potential of Chinese primary sources for narrative medicine.

Perceptions and Controversies on Cholera in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Field in the Late Qing Dynasty

At the beginning of the initial cholera outbreak in China,Wang Qingren(王清任),after years of clinical trials,became an early representative who discovered the infectious characteristics and observed the course of cholera in the field of traditional Chinesse medicine(TCM).Kou Langao(寇兰皋)and Xu Zimo(徐子默),both medical practitioners,constructed a diagnosis and treatment system for cholera with cold patterns under the theory of typhoid.They represented“School of Cholera with Cold Patterns”(SCCP).In the 1860s,with the influence of Wang Shixiong’s(王士雄)studies on the nature of cholera under the theory of epidemic febrile disease,the“School of Cholera with Heated Patterns”(SCHP)prevailed thereafter.The two schools complemented each other in theories and contributed to the integrity of TCM in cholera diagnosis and treatment.By reviewing previous literature,books,clinical cases,and historical materials in medical field,this article aims 1)to summarise the influence of TCM on the cognitive development towards cholera in the late Qing dynasty;2)to explore the origin of the controversy between SCCP and SCHP from historical evidence;3)to summarize the historical lessons from the debate over cholera in TCM based on the principle of treatment based on pattern identification,and offer suggestions for the current prevention and treatment of new diseases using TCM.

From“Semantic Equivalence”to“Verve Reproduction”—Exploration on Xu Yuanchong’s English Translation of the Analects

This paper focuses on the English translation of Xu Yuanchong’s Analects,explains in depth the theory of semantic equivalence and the theory of verve reproduction.It analyzes the application and integration of these two theories by Xu Yuanchong in detail.Through a comprehensive textual analysis,this paper summarizes the remarkable achievements of the English translation of the Analects,such as the accurate transmission of semantics and the vivid reproduction of cultural charm,which is expected to bring new thinking directions and valuable references to the study of the English translation of the Analects.

Textual research on Xu Chunfu's life

Xu Chunfu was a famous medical expert in the Ming Dynasty, who authored the Gu Jin Yi Tong Da Quan and the Yi Xue Zhi Nan Jie Jing Liu Shu. This paper uses the Xu family genealogy, literature catalog, historical records to study the Xu family’s life and deeds. Xu Chunfu was born in the second year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1523) and passed away in the 24th year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1596). He served as an official in the Tai Hospital for about 20 years. His work Gu Jin Yi Tong Da Quan was written around the 43rd year of the Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1556), with a lower limit of the fifth year of the Longqing reign of the Ming Dynasty (1571), and the initial engraving time was not earlier than the eighth year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty (1580). This paper corrects the shortcomings and errors in previous research, and provides a comprehensive and systematic examination of Xu Chunfu’s life and works.

Power and Gaze in Xu Bing’s Dragonfly’s Eye

On August 18,2019,Xu exhibited“The Dragonfly’s Eye”in Today Art Museum.As a respectable writer,Xu drew attention to his elaboration to his illustration of the dragonfly through his own work through incorporating his own artistic interpretation as the new creative mode and idea in art media,further highlighting features of“The Dragonfly’s Eye”.The aesthetic feeling of human nature is emphasized in the creation of Dragonfly’s Eye.Unlike typical contemporary art video works,Dragonfly Eye delivers a whole course of illustration with exceptional production method-through the utilization of existing downloadable videos on the Internet.The project utilizes the romantic story between a young couple to comment on views of life and soul in the contemporary society.Seemingly novelty,the project ultimately centralizes at the idea of the critiquing human nature in the modern ages.

A Comparative Study of Lao-tzu’s“Xu Jing”and Buddhism’s“Stillness”

“Stillness”,as the Vimoksha state of Buddhism’s Nirvana state,is the ultimate experience of religious practice.It has rich connotations.Firstly,“Stillness”is an ultimate aesthetic experience;secondly,“Stillness”means transcending real society,the secular world and utility.In Lao-tzu’s thought,“To the Ultimate,You Yourself Empty”,“Remain in Silence and Clarity”,“Anātman”,etc.,are presented,showing that Buddhism and Lao-tzu have some commonalities.Based on the text,this article will make a simple comparative analysis,after separately discussing Lao-tzu’s“Xu Jing”and Buddhism’s“Silence”,in order to show their similarities and differences more fully and objectively.

The Aesthetic Inheritance of the Mao Dun Literature Prize in the Flux-Take Xu Mao and His Daughters and A Tale of the Wind as Examples

The Mao Dun Literature Prize is one of the well-known literary awards in China,and in the process of selection over the years,the Mao Dun Literature Prize has developed its own aesthetic orientation.A comparison is made between the early generation of Xu Mao and His Daughters and the recent award-winning work,A Tale of the Wind,to discover the aesthetic heritage in its flux,which is enlightening for the literary criticism and an orientation for the literary creators.

一种新的小波变换域选通滤波器

本文提出一种新的小波变换域选通滤波器，这种滤波器的选通域设计基于小波变换的局部模极大和局部模极小（以下称模极大和模极小），对于选择的代表重要信号特征的每个模极大，选通以其相邻的模极小为边界的一个区域内的小波变换．对比模拟实验结果显示新滤波器不仅计其简单而且滤波性能优良。

塔中地区ZG5-7井区横波速度的预测

纵、横波速度是储层岩性、物性和流体识别的重要参数,而实际生产中往往缺乏横波速度资料,因此,开展横波速度预测已成为岩石物理研究的重要内容。目前横波预测中普遍使用的是Greenberg—Castagna经验公式,但其在塔里木盆地塔中地区ZG5-7井区应用效果不佳。针对上述问题,充分利用已钻井的纵波速度、地层密度、泥质含量、孔隙度、含水饱和度等常规测井资料以及岩石骨架和流体的各种弹性参数,构建了流体置换的Xu—White模型,用来求取横波速度。该区6口井的横波曲线拟合的实验结果表明:Xu—White模型预测的横波速度与实测横波速度高低趋势一致,其相关系数最高达到0.970 9,完全能满足横波弹性反演和油气预测的需要。结论认为,Xu—White模型不仅适用于碎屑岩储层的横波速度预测,同样在碳酸盐岩的横波速度预测中也能取得良好的应用效果。

显示分化阶段不同的细胞的荧光染色法

荧光染色法是一种敏感的细胞化学染色法,它可以反映出细胞生物化学成分的微小变化。用硫代黄素荧光染料配制的7690-Xu荧光染液可以使处于分化阶段不同的细胞呈现异质性荧光。分化程度低的幼稚细胞呈蓝色荧光,分化程度越低,蓝色荧光越深。随着细胞的分化,细胞的蓝色荧光逐渐向光谱的红色光侧偏移.细胞质的蓝色荧光逐渐变为淡蓝色、淡蓝绿色,最后呈黄色。细胞核的蓝色荧光亦经灰蓝色变为桔黄色或桔红色。分化程度高的各种器官的细胞胞质均为黄色,核为桔黄-桔红色.

AVO技术在气藏预测中的应用

AVO技术以弹性理论为基础,对地震反射振幅随炮检距的变化特征进行研究,以达到利用地震反射振幅信息检测油气的目的。分析了AVO反演的技术流程,对无实测横波资料的井采用优化Xu-White模型进行横波预测,并对叠前地震资料利用蓝色滤波技术进行拓频处理。叠前AVO反演方法选择同步反演法,同时反演得到纵波阻抗、横波阻抗及密度数据体,在此基础上提取出各种弹性参数,结合区域地质和测井解释气层标准,达到岩性及气层预测的目的。通过将该技术在中国东部某区块的应用,证明所预测的气层厚度与测井解释结果的相对误差小于4%,预测精度较高。

大果栒子的分类修订

大果子（ＣｏｔｏｎｅａｓｔｅｒｃｏｎｓｐｉｃｕｕｓＭｅｓｅｌ）是子属（Ｃｏｔｏｎｅａｓｔｅｒ）中观赏价值尤为显著的种类。自本世纪３０年代发表以来，基于这一分布于中国－喜马拉雅地区，形态在该无融合生殖属中相对稳定的类群出现了１个系（ＳｅｒｉｅｓＣｏｎｓｐｉｃｕｉＫｌｏｔｚ）、５个种７个名称（其中３个为同种加词但根据不同模式即ＣｃｏｎｓｐｉｃｕｕｓＣｏｍｂｅｒ；ＣｃｏｎｓｐｉｃｕｕｓＭａｒｑｕａｎｄ；ＣｃｏｎｓｐｉｃｕｕｓＭａｒｑｕａｎｄｅｘＫｌｏｔｚ；ＣｄｅｃｏｒａｈｏｒｔｅｘＲｅｈｄ；Ｃｎａｎｕｓ（Ｋｌｏｔｚ）Ｋｌｏｔｚ；ＣｐｅｒｍｕｔａｔｕｓＫｌｏｔｚ；ＣｐｌｕｒｉｆｌｏｒｕｓＫｌｏｔｚ）和３个变种（ＣｍｉｃｒｏｐｈｙｌｕｓｖａｒｃｏｎｓｐｉｃｕｕｓＭｅｓｅｌ；ＣｃｏｎｓｐｉｃｕｕｓｖａｒｎａｎｕｓＫｌｏｔｚ；ＣｃｏｎｓｐｉｃｕｕｓｖａｒｄｅｃｏｒａＲｕｓｅｌ）的名称，实为Ｃｏｔｏｎｅａｓｔｅｒ中因种的划分过细而导致混乱的一个典型。本文在对中国科学院昆明植物研究所和中科院植物研究所标本馆馆藏大果子标本３３号共６３份、有关名称的模式７号共９份和大量栽培植物的观察研究基础上?

塞拉利昂近海两种经济鱼类数量与分布的初步研究

根据塞拉利昂近海16条生产船一年的生产日志资料(1995．7－1996．6),分析了两种经济鱼类[洛戈舌鳎(CynoglossusCanariensis)拟牙(Pseudotolithus)]的产量分布,指出洛戈舌鳎跟主要分布于以3区,44区,97区为中心的三个渔场,但产量较低,仅作为兼捕对象。拟牙线主要分布于44区,84区,97区,主要渔汛时间为9～11月。同时,还对二种鱼类的月平均单船产量进行了比较分析。

补偿最小二乘估计精化AR(p)的变形建模与预测

以AR(p)模型为例,考虑模型误差对变形预测的影响,将模型误差看做非参数信号,采用半参数补偿最小二乘方法来处理,即利用半参数中的非参数分量表达模型误差;为更好地控制残差部分VTPV和光滑部分STRS之间的平衡,提出一种求解平滑参数α的Xu函数;最后,通过实例将精化后的AR(p)模型与灰色模型、灰神经网络模型、常规AR模型的结果进行了比较。结果表明,补偿最小二乘方法能有效地处理变形建模中存在的模型误差,具有较好的预测效果。

XU101对脑缺血保护作用的研究

XU101是一种从中药提得的单体。经我们一年多的研究发现,XU101具有显著的脑缺血保护作用。与NMDA受体拮抗剂MK801相比,作用相似或较强,而毒性则较小,是一种有前途的脑缺血保护剂。现将我们的初步研究结果报告如下:

生存的探索与艺术的选择──论无名氏与徐讦的小说创作

生存的探索与艺术的选择──论无名氏与徐讦的小说创作宋剑华无名氏与徐牙是四十年代初期中国文坛上的两位引人注目的现代派小说作家（与新感觉派小说相区别而言），虽然他们的身世经历不尽相同，但是共同的志向使他们在创作倾向及审美趣味诸方面形成了许多相似之处，如刻...

论“新海派”作家群的小说创作

2 0世纪 40年代上海文坛以张爱玲、徐讠于、无名氏为代表的作家群宜称为“新海派”作家群 ,因为他们的小说既表现出鲜明的探索性和先锋性 ,又溶合着明显的商业性和媚俗性 ,这正是“海派文化”的特征。当然相对于 10年代的“鸳鸯蝴蝶派”和 30年代的新感觉派来说 ,他们又体现出一种新的历史超越与综合。具体到每个作家的艺术追求又表现出不同的侧重与个性。

多元的综合——徐訏小说艺术论

徐訏小说吸收了民间的、传统的、西洋的多种文化质养 ,呈现出多元混交的复调特色。徐用通俗的形式阐发现代性的思考 ,又将现代人的哲思导向通俗 ;他拒斥传统又深受其影响 ,他拥抱西洋又不可能过早地创作出成熟的具有民族性和世界性的作品。他在浪漫的幻境中陶醉 ,又在清醒的写实里沉思、抒怀。他将种种艺术因子综合运用于创作实践中 。

正则矩阵及平滑参数与GPS水准面拟合精度关系分析

针对GPS高程转换求解高程异常时,由于大地高和正常高所涉及的基准面以及各类椭球参数和全球重力场对局部水准面起伏的影响致使高程异常的解算中存在难以参数化的系统误差,提出将系统误差看作非参数信号,采用补偿最小二乘法来处理。在补偿最小二乘模型中,正则矩阵R和平滑参数α的选取对拟合结果起决定性作用,讨论了正则矩阵R和平滑参数α的选取对拟合结果的影响,在此基础上提出了一种求解平滑参数α的Xu函数法,最后对某GPS测区的高程数据进行了解算,与其他求平滑参数的方法相比,Xu函数法获得了理想的结果。