Study on the Morphological Characteristics of Skin and Hair Coat of Yak and the Adaptability to the Cold Living Environment

Selecting 6 heads of new yak strains(the offspring of reciprocal cross of F1 produced by wild yak male mated with domestic yak female)and 6 domestic yaks at 3 and 12 age in months respectively at Datong Yak Farm of Qinghai Province. This paper was studied for the morphological characteristics of the skin and hair coat of yak and their adaptability to the cold living environment in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. The results indicated that it should be of vital importance marker for the morphological characteristics of the skin and hair coat with two type of yaks at 3 and 12 age in months and their regulations of growth and development to adapt to the cold living environment in Qinghai-Tibetan plateau,The main morphological indexes of the skin and hair coat of the rearing new yak strain were higher than those of the domestic yaks at the same age in months, or speak precisely, the new yak strain was more powerful adaptable to the alpine cold living environment than that of the domestic yaks. The resvlts above provided scientific basis for the native strain breeding of yak and the new yak strain rearing.

牦牛胎儿肺脏发育的形态学研究

本实验选取40份不同胎龄的牦牛肺脏样本,通过组织学和组织化学的方法对牦牛肺发育过程进行研究,旨在为发育生物学提供形态学资料。结果表明,牦牛胚胎肺发育可分为5个时期:(1)胚胎期(30～50d),胚胎出现肺芽,其分支形成主支气管,进一步分出叶支气管,上皮均为假复层柱状上皮;(2)假腺期(50～120d),支气管树发育明显,末端终蕾结构似腺体,为假复层柱状上皮;(3)小管期(120～180d),呼吸部发育明显,终蕾腺泡样结构消失,可见多处管状分支,上皮为单层柱状或单层立方;(4)囊状期(180～220d),终囊管壁由较厚肺泡隔及原始肺泡组成,少数原始肺泡上皮分化为扁平的肺泡Ⅰ型细胞和立方形的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞;(5)肺泡期(220～260d),形成肺泡,大部分上皮细胞分化为扁平的肺泡Ⅰ型细胞和立方形的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞。胚胎期和假腺期支气管和终蕾上皮的糖原含量丰富,从小管期开始,上皮细胞糖原含量开始急剧减少。之后的几个时期,只有导气部个别上皮细胞PAS反应呈阳性。实验结果表明:牦牛胎儿的肺脏发育的特点与普通牛的基本相似,主要不同点是牦牛的囊状期较短,肺泡期较长,即牦牛胎儿的肺脏更早发育成熟。