An SU(3) Electroweak Unified Model Using Generalized Yang-Mills Theory

Generalized Yang-Mills theory has a covariant derivative which contains both vector and scalar gauge bosons. Based on this theory, we construct an SU(3) unified model of electromagnetic and weak interactions to simplify the Weinberg-Salam model. By using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio mechanism, the symmetry breaking can be realized dynamically. The masses of W±, Z0 are obtained and interactions between various particles are the same as that of the Weinberg-Salam model. At the same time, sin2 θw =1/4 can be given.

A U(4)QCD Model Using Generalized Yang-Mills Theory

Generalized Yang-Mills theory has a covariant derivative which contains both vector and pseudoscalargauge bosons.Based on this theory,we construct a U(4) strong interaction model By using this U(4) generalizedYang-Mills model,we obtain that mesons can be realized as the colorless pseudoscalar gauge bosons.We also obtain agauge potential solution which can be used to explain the asymptotic behavior and color confinement.

A QCD Model Using Generalized Yang-Mills Theory

概括 Yang 工厂理论有 covariant 衍生物，它包含向量和分级的计量器波色子。基于这个理论，我们由使用组 U (4 ) 构造一个强壮的相互作用模型。由使用这， U (4 ) 概括了 Yang 工厂模型，我们也获得一个计量器潜力答案，它能被用来解释 asymptotic 行为和颜色监禁。

On the Cohomological Derivation of Yang-Mills Theory in the Antifield Formalism

We present a brief review of the cohomological solutions of self-coupling interactions of the fields in the free Yang-Mills theory. All consistent interactions among the fields have been obtained using the antifield formalism through several order BRST deformations of the master equation. It is found that the coupling deformations halt exclusively at the second order, whereas higher order deformations are obstructed due to non-local interactions. The results demonstrate the BRST cohomological derivation of the interacting Yang-Mills theory.

Nonlinear Schroedinger Solitons in Massive Yang-Mills Theory and Partial Localization of Dirac Matter

We investigate the classical dynamics of the massive SU(2) Yang-Mills field in the framework of multiple scale perturbation theory. We show analytically that there exists a subset of solutions having the form of a kink soliton, modulated by a plane wave, in a linear subspace transverse to the direction of free propagation. Subsequently, we explore how these solutions affect the dynamics of a Dirac field possessing an SU(2) charge. We find that this class of Yang- Mills configurations, when regarded as an external field, leads to the localization of the fermion along a line in the transverse space. Our analysis reveals a mechanism for trapping SU(2) charged fermions in the presence of an external Yang-Mills field indicating the non-abelian analogue of Landau localization in electrodynamics.

Topological Quantization of Instantons in SU（2） Yang-Mills Theory

By decomposing SU（2） gauge potential in four-dimensional Euclidean SU（2） Yang-Mills theory in a new way, we find that the instanton number related to the isospin defects of a doublet order parameter can be topologically quantized by the Hopf index and Brouwer degree. It is also shown that the instanton number is just the sum of the topological charges of the isospin defects in the non-trivial sector of Yang-Mills theory.

Is Yang-Mills theory unitary in fractional spacetime dimensions?

We present concrete evidence that Yang-Mills theory exhibits non-unitarity in non-integer spacetime dimensions.This violation of unitarity stems from evanescent operators that,while vanishing in four dimensions,are non-zero in general d dimensions.We demonstrate that these evanescent operators lead to the emergence of both negative-norm states and complex anomalous dimensions.

Strong gravitational lensing of rotating regular black holes in non-minimally coupled Einstein-Yang-Mills theory

The strong gravitational lensing of a regular and rotating magnetic black hole in non-minimally coupled Einstein-Yang-Mills theory is studied.We find that,with the increase of any characteristic parameters of this black hole,such as the rotating parameter a,magnetic charge q and EYM parameterλ,the angular image positionθ∞and relative magnification rm decrease while deflection angleα(θ)and image separation s increase.The results will degenerate to that of the Kerr case,RN case with magnetic charge and Schwarzschild case when we take some specific values for the black hole parameters.The results also show that,due to the small influence of magnetic charge and EYM parameters,it is difficult for current astronomical instruments to tell this black hole apart from a General Relativity one.

Holographic operator product expansion of loop operators in the N=4~SO(N) super Yang-Mills theory

In this study,we compute the correlation functions of Wilson(-'t Hooft)loops with chiral primary operators in the N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with SO(N)gauge symmetry,which has a holographic dual description of the Type IIB superstring theory on the AdS_(5)×Rp^(5)background.Specifically,we compute the coefficients of the chiral primary operators in the operator product expansion of Wilson loops in the fundamental representation,Wilson-'t Hooft loops in the symmetric representation,Wilson loops in the anti-fundamental representation,and Wilson loops in the spinor representation.We also compare these results to those of the N=4 SU(N)super Yang-Mills theory.

Four-Dimensional Toda Theories From Self-dual Yang-Mills Theory

Recently, much progress has been made toward the Hamiltonian reductions of the two-dimensional WZNW theory. The remarkable point is that such reductions give a unified description of many known and unforeknown two-dimensional integrable field theories, and that while using the WZNW field to parametrize the solutions of these integrable systems, the apparant singularities arising from the improper choices of coordinate systems can be removed.

Combining stochastic density functional theory with deep potential molecular dynamics to study warm dense matter

In traditional finite-temperature Kohn–Sham density functional theory(KSDFT),the partial occupation of a large number of high-energy KS eigenstates restricts the use of first-principles molecular dynamics methods at extremely high temperatures.However,stochastic density functional theory(SDFT)can overcome this limitation.Recently,SDFT and the related mixed stochastic–deterministic density functional theory,based on a plane-wave basis set,have been implemented in the first-principles electronic structure software ABACUS[Q.Liu and M.Chen,Phys.Rev.B 106,125132(2022)].In this study,we combine SDFT with the Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics method to investigate systems with temperatures ranging from a few tens of eV to 1000 eV.Importantly,we train machine-learning-based interatomic models using the SDFT data and employ these deep potential models to simulate large-scale systems with long trajectories.Subsequently,we compute and analyze the structural properties,dynamic properties,and transport coefficients of warm dense matter.

一类由Hermitian Yang-Mills度量导出的半线性偏微分方程

本文研究了由一类Hermitian Yang-Mills度量的极限行为所导出的半线性方程的边值问题与全局解的径向对称性质.使用极大值原理与Leray-Schhauder不动点定理,我们得到了这个方程在R^(2)平面中全局C2解的径向对称性与这个方程的Dirichlet问题在任意有界区域内C^(2,α)解的存在性.

Yang-Mills Mass Gap Problem: A Possible Solution

As known, the spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) and the Brout-Englert-Higgs Mechanism (BEH-M) solved the Yang-Mills Mass Gap Problem. However, various mathematicians, even prestigious ones, consider the basic assumptions of the gauge theories to be wrong, as well as in conflict with the experimental evidence and in clear disagreement with the facts, distorting the physical reality itself. Likewise, these theories are mathematically inconsistent, adopting a mathematical structure somewhat complicated and arbitrary, which does not satisfy the strong demands for coherence. The weakest point of the gauge theories, in our opinion, consists in imposing that all the particles must be free of an intrinsic mass. On the contrary, even for the particle considered universally massless, i.e. the photon, our calculations show a dynamic-mass, a push-momentum (p) of 1.325 × 10-22 [g⋅cm/s]. With this work we try to provide a possible solution to the Yang-Mills Mass Gap Problem, but without taking into account the SSB, nor using the BEH-M. We try to provide a mathematical explanation for this phenomenon, considering that in the spectrum of the Yang-Mills theory, there is a mass gap, that is, the difference between the energy of the vacuum state and the first excited state is different from zero. In other words, the lightest of the particles predicted by the theory must have a strictly positive mass to explain the short range of strong nuclear forces. It is clear, indeed, that if we replaced this value with the null value of the photon inserted in the equations of the Perturbation Theory, the Quantum Fields Theory and the Yang-Mills theories, all divergences, that is all zeroes and infinities, would suddenly disappear. Consequently, the limits imposed by the SSB disappear so that there is no longer any need to deny the mass to the Nuclear Forces bosons, including the Yang-Mills b quantum.

Functional microfluidics:theory,microfabrication,and applications

Microfluidic devices are composed of microchannels with a diameter ranging from ten to a few hundred micrometers.Thus,quite a small(10-9–10-18l)amount of liquid can be manipulated by such a precise system.In the past three decades,significant progress in materials science,microfabrication,and various applications has boosted the development of promising functional microfluidic devices.In this review,the recent progress on novel microfluidic devices with various functions and applications is presented.First,the theory and numerical methods for studying the performance of microfluidic devices are briefly introduced.Then,materials and fabrication methods of functional microfluidic devices are summarized.Next,the recent significant advances in applications of microfluidic devices are highlighted,including heat sinks,clean water production,chemical reactions,sensors,biomedicine,capillaric circuits,wearable electronic devices,and microrobotics.Finally,perspectives on the challenges and future developments of functional microfluidic devices are presented.This review aims to inspire researchers from various fields engineering,materials,chemistry,mathematics,physics,and more—to collaborate and drive forward the development and applications of functional microfluidic devices,specifically for achieving carbon neutrality.

Contract Mechanism of Water Environment Regulation for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Based on Optimal Control Theory

The small and scattered enterprise pattern in the county economy has formed numerous sporadic pollution sources, hindering the centralized treatment of the water environment, increasing the cost and difficulty of treatment. How enterprises can make reasonable decisions on their water environment behavior based on the external environment and their own factors is of great significance for scientifically and effectively designing water environment regulation mechanisms. Based on optimal control theory, this study investigates the design of contractual mechanisms for water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises. The enterprise is regarded as an independent economic entity that can adopt optimal control strategies to maximize its own interests. Based on the participation of multiple subjects including the government, enterprises, and the public, an optimal control strategy model for enterprises under contractual water environmental regulation is constructed using optimal control theory, and a method for calculating the amount of unit pollutant penalties is derived. The water pollutant treatment cost data of a paper company is selected to conduct empirical numerical analysis on the model. The results show that the increase in the probability of government regulation and public participation, as well as the decrease in local government protection for enterprises, can achieve the same regulatory effect while reducing the number of administrative penalties per unit. Finally, the implementation process of contractual water environmental regulation for small and medium-sized enterprises is designed.

Prospect Theory Based Individual Irrationality Modelling and Behavior Inducement in Pandemic Control

Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic control.However,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the epidemic.Meanwhile,existing disease control methods often assume users’full compliance with measures like mandatory isolation,which does not align with the actual situation.To address these issues,this paper proposes a prospect theorybased framework to model users’decision-making process in epidemics and analyzes how irrationality affects individuals’behaviors and epidemic dynamics.According to the analysis results,irrationality tends to prompt conservative behaviors when the infection risk is low but encourages risk-seeking behaviors when the risk is high.Then,this paper proposes a behavior inducement algorithm to guide individuals’behaviors and control the spread of disease.Simulations and real user tests validate our analysis,and simulation results show that the proposed behavior inducement algorithm can effectively guide individuals’behavior.

Density functional theory study of B- and Si-doped carbons and their adsorption interactions with sulfur compounds

Understanding the adsorption interactions between carbon materials and sulfur compounds has far-reaching impacts,in addition to their well-known important role in energy storage and conversion,such as lithium-ion batteries.In this paper,properties of intrinsic B or Si single-atom doped,and B-Si codoped graphene(GR)and graphdiyne(GDY)were investigated by using density functional theory-based calculations,in which the optimal doping configurations were explored for potential applications in adsorbing sulfur compounds.Results showed that both B or Si single-atom doping and B-Si codoping could substantially enhance the electron transport properties of GR and GDY,improving their surface activity.Notably,B and Si atoms displayed synergistic effects for the codoped configurations,where B-Si codoped GR/GDY exhibited much better performance in the adsorption of sulfurcontaining chemicals than single-atom doped systems.In addition,results demonstrated that,after B-Si codoping,the adsorption energy and charge transfer amounts of GDY with sulfur compounds were much larger than those of GR,indicating that B-Si codoped GDY might be a favorable material for more effectively interacting with sulfur reagents.

Local thermal conductivity of inhomogeneous nano-fluidic films:A density functional theory perspective

Combining the mean field Pozhar-Gubbins(PG)theory and the weighted density approximation,a novel method for local thermal conductivity of inhomogeneous fluids is proposed.The correlation effect that is beyond the mean field treatment is taken into account by the simulation-based empirical correlations.The application of this method to confined argon in slit pore shows that its prediction agrees well with the simulation results,and that it performs better than the original PG theory as well as the local averaged density model(LADM).In its further application to the nano-fluidic films,the influences of fluid parameters and pore parameters on the thermal conductivity are calculated and investigated.It is found that both the local thermal conductivity and the overall thermal conductivity can be significantly modulated by these parameters.Specifically,in the supercritical states,the thermal conductivity of the confined fluid shows positive correlation to the bulk density as well as the temperature.However,when the bulk density is small,the thermal conductivity exhibits a decrease-increase transition as the temperature is increased.This is also the case in which the temperature is low.In fact,the decrease-increase transition in both the small-bulk-density and low-temperature cases arises from the capillary condensation in the pore.Furthermore,smaller pore width and/or stronger adsorption potential can raise the critical temperature for condensation,and then are beneficial to the enhancement of the thermal conductivity.These modulation behaviors of the local thermal conductivity lead immediately to the significant difference of the overall thermal conductivity in different phase regions.

The “Dead Universe” Theory: Natural Separation of Galaxies Driven by the Remnants of a Supermassive Dead Universe

This article explores the dead universe theory as a novel interpretation for the origin and evolution of the universe, suggesting that our cosmos may have originated from the remnants of a preceding universe. This perspective challenges the conventional Big Bang theory, particularly concerning dark matter, the expansion of the universe, and the interpretation of phenomena such as gravitational waves.

Comparative study on phase transition behaviors of fractional molecular field theory and random-site Ising model

Fractional molecular field theory(FMFT)is a phenomenological theory that describes phase transitions in crystals with randomly distributed components,such as the relaxor-ferroelectrics and spin glasses.In order to verify the feasibility of this theory,this paper fits it to the Monte Carlo simulations of specific heat and susceptibility versus temperature of two-dimensional(2D)random-site Ising model(2D-RSIM).The results indicate that the FMFT deviates from the 2D-RSIM significantly.The main reason for the deviation is that the 2D-RSIM is a typical system of component random distribution,where the real order parameter is spatially heterogeneous and has no symmetry of space translation,but the basic assumption of FMFT means that the parameter is spatially uniform and has symmetry of space translation.