Planning Method of Eco-environment Restoration Based on Enlarging Terrace and De-farming in Loess Hilly Region——A Case Study of Yangou Catchment

After expatiating the guiding ideology,contents,standards and principles of eco-environment restoration based on enlarging terrace and de-farming,this paper discussed the planning method and technical flow of enlarging terrace and garden plot in a small catchment of loess hilly region by means of GIS spatial analysis technology,and then the planning method was applied in Yangou catchment.The result showed that it is practicabl,and the areas of newly-built terrace and garden plot in Yangou catchment are at least 295.06 and 4.61 hm2,so that the areas of basic farmland and garden plot reach 359.23 and 622.69 hm2.After the land use structure is regulated,the forest coverage is 48.87%,and the permanent vegetation coverage is about 75% in Yangou catchment,while sediment reduction benefit is above 80% in slope land.In agricultural development,Yangou catchment can yield 1 645.13 tons of food supplies,above 9 340 tons of apples,and can feed 7 500 sheep every year.

植被类型对黄土丘陵区流域土壤有机碳氮的影响

恢复植被是遏止水土流失和提高土壤有机碳氮(SOC,TSN)积累的重要措施。以黄土丘陵沟壑区燕沟流域为基础,分析了主要植被类型的SOC,TSN变化及其分布特征。结果表明,自然恢复的辽东栎群落SOC含量为29.5g/kg,其次为黄刺玫,狼牙刺群落11.6～21.3g/kg,铁杆蒿(+长芒草)群落为8.4～10.6g/kg。人工建造的刺槐林5.53～11.9g/kg,小叶杨12.8～18.4g/kg,沙棘群落为8.7g/kg,仁用杏为4.7g/kg,苹果园SOC含量3.4～3.9g/kg,退耕苜蓿为4.2g/kg,耕地3.3～4.8g/kg。自然恢复的灌丛群落和人工乔木群落可有效地改变坡面SOC含量与分布。土壤有机碳氮具有显著线性关系,而C/N比例和作用区间随着农田到林地的演变而变大。

黄土丘陵区“梯田退耕”生态重建规划方法——以燕沟流域为例

论文在阐述“梯田退耕”生态重建规划指导思想、内容、标准及宜遵循的基本原则的基础上,借助GIS空间分析技术,提出并探讨了针对黄土丘陵区中小尺度流域或行政村合理布建梯田和经济林果园地等的规划方法及技术流程,进而将其应用于燕沟流域,研究结果表明业已探讨的规划方法是可行的和实用的。按规划结果,燕沟流域至少需新修梯田295.06hm2、果园4.61hm2,使其基本农田达到359.23hm2、果园面积达到622.69hm2;森林覆盖率48.87%,林灌草植被覆盖率可达75%,坡地减沙效益在80%以上。农业发展预计每年可实现粮食总产1645.13t、苹果总产9340t以上,载畜量可达7500只羊单位。