Evaluation of Ecological Sustainable Development in the Yangtze River Delta Region Based on Ecological Footprint Theory

The ecological footprint was employed as a quantitative indicator of resource inputs,enabling a detailed account of the structure of biological resources and energy occupancy,as well as the variation of resource productivity in the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)Region.From 2004 to 2018,there were notable variations in the ecological productivity of different types of land on basis of China’s equilibrium factor across the three provinces and one city in the YRD region.Jiangsu Province exhibited the highest ecological productivity of arable land,while Anhui Province exhibited the highest ecological productivity of forest land.Shanghai City exhibited the highest ecological productivity of pasture land,while Zhejiang Province exhibited the highest ecological productivity of water area.In 2018,the proportion of arable land within the total ecological carrying capacity of the YRD region reached 74.35%.Furthermore,the contribution of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces to the YRD’s total ecological carrying capacity was 41.36%and 41.26%,respectively.In the construction of a new development pattern in the YRD region,which is dominated by the domestic cycle as the main body and mutually reinforced by domestic and international double-cycle,the YRD region should combine the utilization of natural forces with innovation in science,technology and cooperation mechanisms.Furthermore,the government should guide the concentration of social capital towards green industries.It is also recommended that the moderate reduction of ecological footprints should be encouraged,and that the security of biological resources and energy,the leadership in the field of cutting-edge science and technology should be ensured in YRD region.This will facilitate the formation of a new development pattern of higher-quality integration at the national level firstly.

Functional Rehabilitation of the "Soil Reservoir"in Degraded Soils to Control Floods in the Yangtze River Watershed

The reasons for the Yangtze River flood calamity in 1998 are briefly introduced. The authors believe that using a 'soil reservoir' concept is an important means to help control flooding of the Yangtze River.A 'soil reservoir' has a large potential storage capacity and its water can be rapidly 'discharged' into the underground water in a timely fashion. The eroded, infertile soils of the Yangtze River Watershed are currently an obstacle to efficient operation of the 'soil reservoir'. The storage capacity of this 'soil reservoir'has been severely hampered due to intensive soil erosion and the formation of soil crusts. Therefore, possible measures to control floods in the Yangtze River Watershed include: rehabilitating the vegetation to preserve soil and water on the eroded infertile soils, enhancing infiltration of the different soil types, and utilizing the large 'soil reservoir' of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

Creation of "Regional Characteristic" in Planning and Design of Farmers' Residential Area at the South of Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

After analysis of location feature of the south of lower reaches of Yangtze River and its construction of urban and rural integration,the paper pointed out harmonious combination between natural and artificial factors had been neglected in planning and design of farmers' residential area at the south of lower reaches of Yangtze River,"regional characteristic" losing,residential area in the form of "city community" and buildings in European style.In view of these problems,relevant planning and design thoughts and methods had been proposed as to how to create "regional characteristic" from the perspective of planning,architecture and landscape design.It discussed with emphasis the importance of construction base type and combination of environment with residential area construction;inspirations and design methods obtained from traditional architectures;and the content of landscape overall planning and specific design.It was hoped to enlighten designers to shoulder social and historical responsibility,make exploration unremittingly,and construct beautiful homelands for people.

Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect S0_(2) Emissions in the Yangtze River Delta?A Spatial Econometric Analysis

As the major source of air pollution,sulfur dioxide(S0_(2))emissions have become the focus of global attention.However,existing studies rarely consider spatial effects when discussing the relationship between foreign direct investment(FDI)and S0_(2) emissions.This study took the Yangtze River Delta as the research area and used the spatial panel data of 26 cities in this region for 2004-2017.The study investigated the spatial agglomeration effects and dynamics at work in FDI and S0_(2) emissions by using global and local measures of spatial autocorrelation.Then,based on regression analysis using a results of traditional ordinary least squares(OLS)model and a spatial econometric model,the spatial Durbin model(SDM)with spatial-time effects was adopted to quantify the impact of FDI on S0_(2) emissions,so as to avoid the regression results bias caused by ignoring the spatial effects.The results revealed a significant spatial autocorrelation between FDI and S0_(2) emissions,both of which displayed obvious path dependence characteristics in their geographical distribution.A series of agglomeration regions were observed on the spatial scale.The estimation results of the SDM showed that FDI inflow promoted S0_(2) emissions,which supports the pollution haven hypothesis.The findings of this study are significant in the prevention and control of air pollution in the Yangtze River Delta.

Flood and Waterlogging Disaster Damage Evaluation in Middle-Lower Yangtze River by 3S technology

The evaluation method, model and process for the flood and waterlogging disaster condition by GIS,RS and GPS technology and the method for setting up disaster condition database, dyke database and historical disaster damage database are presented. An index of flood damage degree(FDD) used to evaluate the relative degree of disaster loss and divide flood and waterlogging area is suggested. The value of flood damage degree can be calculated as follows :taking the various disaster losses of sample area in a base year as standard value and computing the ratios of various disaster loss values in different areas and years to the standard flood disaster loss values, then summing up the weighted ratios. The computed results are the value of flood damage degree in the every year. The macroscopic flood disaster distribution can be evaluated by the values of flood loss degree.

Spatiotemporal variation and hotspots of climate change in the Yangtze River Watershed during 1958-2017

The Yangtze River Watershed in China is a climate change hotspot featuring strong spatial and temporal variability;hence, it poses a certain threat to social development. Identifying the characteristics of and regions vulnerable to climate change is significantly important for formulating adaptive countermeasures. However, with regard to the Yangtze River Watershed, there is currently a lack of research on these aspects from the perspective of natural and anthropogenic factors. To address this issue, in this study, based on the temperature and precipitation records from 717 meteorological stations, the RClim Dex and random forest models were used to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of climate change and identify mainly the natural and anthropogenic factors influencing climate change hotspots in the Yangtze River Watershed for the period 1958-2017. The results indicated a significant increasing trend in temperature, a trend of wet and dry polarization in the annual precipitation, and that the number of temperature indices with significant variations was 2.8 times greater than that of precipitation indices. Significant differences were also noted in the responses of the climate change characteristics of the sub-basins to anthropogenic and natural factors;the delta plain of the Yangtze River estuary exhibited the most significant climate changes, where 88.89% of the extreme climate indices varied considerably. Furthermore, the characteristics that were similar among the identified hotpots, including human activities(higher Gross Domestic Product and construction land proportions) and natural factors(high altitudes and large proportions of grassland and water bodies), were positively correlated with the rapid climate warming.

Progress in watershed geography in the Yangtze River Basin and the affiliated ecological security perspective in the past 20 years,China

Bibliometrics was used to statistically analyze key zones within the Yangtze River Basin(YRB)funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)and national ministries over the past 20 years.This study determined that funds that derived from national ministries have mainly focused on issues related to environmental pollution,ecological security,technological water regulations,and river basin ecosystems,which offer a better understanding of the national requirements and the scientific knowledge of the YRB in combination with data from the NSFC.Under a background of bolstering the construction of green ecological corridors in the economic belt of the YRB,this study proposes future conceptual watershed research initiatives in this region as a study objective by reinforcing the implementation of the Chinese Ecosystem Research Network(CERN)and by emphasizing the use of new technologies,new methods,and new concepts for the prospective design of frontier research under the perspective of geoscience and earth system science.This study promotes large-scale scientific field and research objectives based on big science and big data.

长江、黄河流域泛滥平原细粒沉积物^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr空间变异的制约因素及其物源示踪意义

黄河和长江流域泛滥平原细粒沉积物的 Sr同位素组成存在较大差异。前者的 87Sr/86Sr变化范围较小，为 0.712 868～ 0.718 860，平均值为 0.715 474；后者变化范围较大，为 0.713 035～ 0.736 502，平均值为 0.721 438。黄河流域中、上游细粒沉积物的 87Sr/86Sr低于下游；而长江流域细粒沉积物的 87Sr/86Sr中游高于上、下游，且南侧高于北侧。由 NW向 SE， 87Sr/86Sr逐渐增加。 87Sr/86Sr这种空间变化规律明显受各汇水盆地内地壳岩石平均组成、年龄和化学风化作用强度的制约：岩石的 Rb/Sr比值越大、年代越老、化学风化作用越强， 87Sr/86Sr比值就越大。 87Sr/86Sr比值是识别中国边缘海黄河、长江输运物质的有效参数，其端员值分别为 0.719 269和 0.724 312。

应用AnnAGNPS模型模拟柴河上游农业非点源污染

运用AnnAGNPS模型(Annualized Agricultural Non-Point Source Model)对柴河上游小流域农业非点源污染负荷进行模拟估算,并通过实地监测对模型模拟结果进行适用性检验。结果表明,该模型能够模拟流域上下游水质污染负荷总量及浓度变化,适合在该流域使用。运行结果显示模型模拟对总氮效果较好,对总磷的模拟结果较差。同时模型能够较好地模拟该地区8月份农业非点源污染负荷浓度及负荷总量均达到最大值的特点,与实测值相符,但对该地区春季农业非点源污染负荷突然增高的特点在模拟值中没有得以体现。年际变化的模拟结果表明该地区农业非点源污染负荷与当地降雨量有关,这说明气象因素在模型运行过程中起着至关重要的作用。同时也发现模型自带的气象发生器不适合在该地区使用。

不同非空间模拟方法下CLUE-S模型土地利用预测——以秦淮河流域为例

基于快速城镇化背景下秦淮河流域土地利用历史状况,选择CLUE-S模型对其2020年土地利用情况进行模拟预测。分别使用线性回归、Markov模型、灰色GM(1,1)模型预测CLUE-S模型非空间模块的土地利用需求量,再嵌入CLUE-S中得到3种预测结果,对预测结果进行比较。另外设定"自然发展"情景与考虑规划政策影响的"优化格局"情景,模拟2020年不同情景下秦淮河流域土地利用格局情况,并进行景观格局分析。结果表明:线性回归模型、Markov模型、灰色GM(1,1)模型的Kappa指数分别为0.866、0.849、0.867,3种方法均满足模型精度要求;自然发展情景中2020年水域、水田、林地、城镇用地、旱地面积相对于2010年分别变化21.5%、-15.3%、-9.0%、51.5%、-28.9%,而优化格局情景下水域、水田、林地、城镇用地、旱地面积分别变化3.1%、-1.6%、10.8%、6.3%、-10.6%,相比于自然发展情景,优化情景土地利用状况更符合保护基本农田、增加生态用地连通性、提高雨水下渗能力以及缓解城市热岛效应的要求,为后期土地利用规划提供了依据。

基于3S技术的小流域水土流失过程数值模拟与定量研究

运用3S技术和不同水蚀区修正的土壤流失方程,对金沙江流域龙川江上游的水土流失量和需要治理的面积进行了数值模拟和定量研究。结果表明:①旱年1998年土壤流失总量为840069 19t,流失总面积为2293 7841km2;涝年1999年土壤流失总量为8690182 6t,流失总面积为2293 7841km2;1999年和1998年强度、重度和剧烈以上流失面积分别达85%和66 8%,该项指标1999年明显强于1998年。②从流失面积来看,1999年中度以上流失面积占流失总面积的35 2%,而1998年只占26%。③1988年和1999年防治强度分级中急需治理和需要治理的面积占总面积的比例分别为16 27%和14 63%。④模拟计算结果与实测值接近,说明该方法对西南红壤季风区的水土流失定量监测与分析具有准确、实用和方便的特点。

长江泥沙信息系统中的“多S”结合与集成

水文泥沙信息具有多源、多类、多量、多维、多时态和多主题特征,其信息分析管理系统的开发采用了“多S”结合与集成化技术。该“多S”集成的大系统是一种以分布式主题数据库(含属性数据库与空间数据库)为核心的综合技术系统,其功能结构是技术方法与应用模型的层叠式复合结构。系统采用国家与行业标准、规范和数据网格(data grid)技术和数据网格应用工具,是保证多源异构数据转换交流畅通无阻的前提和条件;而采用面向对象分析、面向对象设计和面向对象语言,并建立“多S”数据的一体化管理、语义和非语义信息的自动提取的概念模型与数学模型,解决了数据自动更新、数据实时通讯和数据分析可视化等技术难题,初步实现了操作集成。该系统总体上采用C/S与B/S结合的设计方式,并引进了应用系统层、中间服务层和数据库层的3层映射模式。

Hazards Assessment of Regional Debris Flows Based on Geographic Information Science

Supported by the spatial analysis feature of geographic information science and assessment model of regional debris flows, hazards degrees of the debris flows in the Upper Yangtze River Watershed （UYRW） are divided into five grades based on grid cell. The area of no danger, light danger, medium danger, severe danger and extreme severe danger regions respectively are 278 000, 288 000, 217 000, 127 000, 15 000 km^2. Furthermore, the counties in the UYRW are classified into four classes based on the hazards degrees in each county. The number of severe danger, medium danger, light danger and no danger counties respectively are 49, 82, 77 and 105. The assessment results will be provided for the hazards forecasting and mitigation in the UYRW and ongoing regionalization of Main Function Regions in China as data and technique framework.

The development of China's Yangtze River Economic Belt:how to make it in a green way?

The Yangtze River is one of the largest and longest rivers in Asia.The river originates in the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau(headwater reach),passes through the mountainous provinces of Sichuan,Yunnan and Chongqing(upper reach),flows into the Central Plain(middle reach)and Lower Plain(lower reach),and finally empties into the East China Sea in Shanghai(estuary).The Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB;Fig.1)has a surface area of 2.1

政府干预视角下长三角城市群科技创新资源配置效率及影响因素分析

科技创新资源优化配置是贯彻落实创新驱动发展战略的必然要求。长三角城市群作为我国经济社会运行和科技事业发展的先行区,明确其科技创新资源配置效率差异及影响因素,对于打造创新型国家具有重要的推动作用。以政府干预为研究视角,运用超效率DEA模型和DEA-Malmquist模型对2011—2020年长三角城市群26个城市科技创新资源配置效率进行测算,并采用Tobit模型以政府干预为核心解释变量实证分析其影响因素。结果发现:长三角城市群科技创新资源配置效率整体呈现递增趋势,上海、宁波、苏州、杭州、南京的效率值排在前5位,但是城市群内部科技创新资源配置效率差异悬殊,区域空间格局极不平衡,其中政府干预、产业结构调整和城市化水平均对提高科技创新资源配置具有显著正向影响。因此,建议长三角各地政府围绕从科技创新资源投入至产出的各个环节制定相关法律法规,进一步规范科技创新资源配置方式,并加强城市之间的交流与合作。

流域保护区域协同立法的功能定位与规范进路

《长江保护法》《黄河保护法》为长江、黄河流域的区域协同立法提供了法律依据,在流域保护区域协同立法“入法”后,需要明晰其权力空间与运行规则,提升其科学化、规范化水平。流域保护区域协同立法在本质上仍属于地方立法,是功能主义进路下解决跨行政区域流域保护难题的一种选择,是流域整体性保护的立法回应。就其功能而言,具有落实国家立法确立的流域保护整体目标的实施性功能,以地方合作为中心,解决那些通过单独地方立法难以解决的跨行政区域地方性流域保护问题的协调性、自主性、创新性功能。在此基础上,应当通过明晰其立法层级,建立地方立法规划协同机制,改、废、释的协同机制,交叉备案与后评估机制,深化公众参与机制,完善流域保护区域协同立法的运行规则。

The Yangtze River Economic Belt:A Booster of Chongqing’s Development

As China’s economy has evolved into the so-called new normal stage,the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council have made timely moves to promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt as part of the country’s overall plan for a scientific development of the national economy.In January 2016,a meeting was held in Chongqing discussing

河流分类分级分段及河流形态学研究进展

河流分类、河流分级及干流河道分段合称为河流三分(分类·分级·分段);基于河流三要素(流域-水系-干流河道)和河流三分-河流形态学-河流学体系,开展了河流三分理论研究及实践应用、河流形态学再构建以及河流形态定性特性与定量因子指标辨识。主要成果结论包括:①优化了独立与非独立河流分类、河流分级Horton法改进、河流5区分段等方法,完善了河流界定拓展、河流平等与分级、干流河道“层次分段”等新理论,总结了世界大江大河及长江河流三分实践应用;②河流形态学研究河流现状及恒常形态,包括以河流三分为基石的河流三要素特性研究和以干流河道平面-剖面-断面形态为核心的河谷-河床-河道形态研究;③定性辨识了河流形态15项殊相特性与共相原则(包括复合流域水系、复杂干流河道等形态特性,干流河道优先、河流湖泊统一、干流河道唯一、侵蚀基面统一等新增原则);④定量辨识了河流形态4类因子指标,双指标3种相关关系(并行-从属-或然)与3类组合模式(物理-化学-生物)以及三因子4类及9种相关模式(均衡线型-瓶颈线型-三角形-金字塔-均分圆-同心圆-同切圆-交叉圆-三角圆)。倡导“河流学-长江学-水科学”学科范式,积极践行“治河·治江·治水”理念。

区域产业协调政策的创新效应——来自长三角G60科创走廊的证据

为深度评估区域产业协调政策带来的创新效应及其对技术市场一体化的影响,文章基于长三角三省一市上市公司数据和城市间专利转让数据,采用双重差分方法,以长三角G60科创走廊设立作为准自然实验展开实证研究。实证结果发现,G60科创走廊及其所带来的一系列相关政策措施有效提升了企业的创新投入和创新产出水平。机制研究表明,这一政策促进了城市间创新要素的流动、缓解了企业融资约束、提高了行业市场竞争水平,这些都为企业提供了优良的创新环境,从而促进企业创新。进一步讨论说明,G60科创走廊的设立也促进了成员城市之间创新成果的交易与转化。

长三角城市群商品流通发展的时空演变特征、区域差异及分布动态演进

本文在运用熵权TOPSIS法对2011—2021年长三角城市群27个城市的商品流通发展水平指数进行测算的基础上,利用Dagum基尼系数、核密度估计及莫兰指数等方法对其区域差异、分布动态等进行探索。研究发现:(1)在时间演变方面,2011—2021年长三角城市群商品流通发展水平总体上呈增长态势,并呈“上海>浙江9城市>江苏9城市>安徽8城市”特征;四大子系统中商品流通发展水平指数最大,接下来依次是物流、信息流和人力资源流动水平指数。(2)在空间分布方面,在考察期内长三角城市群商品流通发展水平总体分布格局仍未发生明显变化,空间格局有向东南转移的趋势,大部分城市出现“高—高”集聚效应和“低—低”集聚效应,且呈集聚现象。(3)在区域差异方面,在考察期内长三角城市群商品流通发展水平区域总体差异呈扩大化趋势,其中区域间差异是主要来源。(4)在分布动态演进方面,长三角城市群整体商品流通发展水平不断提高,绝对差异呈扩大趋势;长三角城市群四大区域商品流通发展水平不断提高,绝对差异从整体上看呈扩大态势,而上海有缩小趋势,且均存在两级或多极化趋势。