Interleukin 1β（IL-1β）, the first interleukin to be characterized, plays a key role in regulating the immune response. In this study, we determined the c DNA and genomic DNA sequences of the IL-1β gene from the la...Interleukin 1β（IL-1β）, the first interleukin to be characterized, plays a key role in regulating the immune response. In this study, we determined the c DNA and genomic DNA sequences of the IL-1β gene from the large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the IL-1β（Lc IL-1β） gene was most closely related to that of European seabass（Dicentrarchus labrax）, sharing 67.8% amino acid identity. In healthy large yellow croaker, Lc IL-1β transcription was detected in all tested tissues, with the highest level found in the head kidney. Upon Vibrio alginolyticus infection, Lc IL-1β transcription in all tested tissues was significantly upregulated. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant Lc IL-1β（r Lc IL-1β） improved the survival rate and reduced the tissue bacterial load after V. alginolyticus infection. In addition, r Lc IL-1β induced monocytes/macrophages（MO/MΦ） chemotaxis and increased phagocytosis and bactericidal activity in vitro. These results suggest that Lc IL-1β plays an important role in the large yellow croaker immune response against V. alginolyticus.展开更多
Osteosarcoma is a very serious primary bone cancer with a high death rate and a dismal prognosis.Since there is no permanent therapy for this condition,it is necessary to develop a cure.Therefore,this investigation wa...Osteosarcoma is a very serious primary bone cancer with a high death rate and a dismal prognosis.Since there is no permanent therapy for this condition,it is necessary to develop a cure.Therefore,this investigation was carried out to assess the impacts and biological functions of hydroxysafflor yellow A(HYSA)in osteosarcoma cell lines(MG63).In this investigational study,MG63 cells were utilized.Microarray experiments,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),immunofluorescent staining,extracellular acidification rate(ECAR),oxygen consumption rate(OCR),glucose consumption,lactate production,and ATP levels,proliferation assay,5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine(EDU)staining,and Western blot were performed.In MG63 cells,HYSA lowered cell proliferation and metastasis rates,suppressed EDU cell number,and enhanced caspase-3/9 activity levels.HYSA reduced the Warburg effect and induced ferroptosis(FPT)in MG63 cells.Inhibiting ferroptosis diminished HYSA’s anti-cancer activities in MG63 cells.The stimulation of the HIF-1α/SLC7A11 pathway decreased HYSA’s anti-cancer activities in MG63 cells.HIF-1αis one target spot for HYSA in a model of osteosarcoma cancer(OC).HYSA altered HIF-1α’s thermophoretic activity;following binding with HYSA,HIF-1α’s melting point increased from~55°C to~60°C.HYSA significantly enhanced the thermal stability of exogenous WT HIF-1αwhile not affecting Mut HIF-1α,suggesting that ARG-311,GLY-312,GLN-347,and GLN-387 may be involved in the interaction between HIF-1αand HYSA.Conclusively,our study revealed that HYSA induced FPT and reduced the Warburg effect of OC through mitochondrial damage by HIF-1α/HK2/SLC7A11 pathway.HYSA is a possible therapeutic option for OC or other cancers.展开更多
Decomposition of anthraquinone Vat Yellow 1 in an aqueous solution was investigated for this study. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using zinc oxide photocatalyst in aqueous solution under UV and solar irradiation was pr...Decomposition of anthraquinone Vat Yellow 1 in an aqueous solution was investigated for this study. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using zinc oxide photocatalyst in aqueous solution under UV and solar irradiation was proposed to decompose anthraquinone Vat Yellow 1. Decomposition of the dye was effective under both irradiations using the zinc oxide photocatalyst. The effects of zinc oxide dose and dye concentration on the decomposition of Vat Yellow 1 under UV irradiation were investigated to assess the optimum conditions. Decomposition efficiency of Vat Yellow 1 dye increased as zinc oxide amount increased and decreased as the initial dye concentration increased. The decomposition kinetics was established to follow first-order kinetics. A study on the presence of inorganic additives such as sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium chloride (NaCl) was found to decrease the decomposition.展开更多
Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the backg...Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the background period of 184 d,23 steers and 24 heifers were fed the same ration,then put into a2×2×2 factorial arrangement under two levels of- dietary energy（TON：70/80%DM）,protein（CP：11.9/14.3%DM）and sex（S：male/female） during the finishing phase of 146 d.The treatments were-（1） high energy/low protein（HELP）,（2） high energy/high protein（HEHP）,（3） low energy/low protein（LELP） and（4） low energy/high protein（LEHP）.Each treatment used 6 steers and 6 heifers,except for HELP- 5 steers and 6 heifers.Results：Growth rate and final carcass weight were unaffected by dietary energy and protein levels or by sex.Compared with the LE diet group,the HE group had significantly lower dry matter intake（DMI,6.76 vs.7.48 kg DM/d）,greater chest girth increments（46.1 vs.36.8 cm）,higher carcass fat（19.9 vs.16.3%） and intramuscular fat content（29.9 vs.22.8%DM）.The HE group also had improved yields of top and medium top grade commercial meat cuts（39.9 vs.36.5%）.The dressing percentage was higher for the HP group than the LP group（53.4 vs.54.9%）.Steers had a greater length increment（9.0 vs.8.3 cm）,but lower carcass fat content（16.8 vs.19.4%） than heifers.The meat quality traits（shear force value,drip loss,cooking loss and water holding capacity） were not affected by treatments or sex,averaging 3.14 kg,2.5,31.5 and 52.9%,respectively.The nutritive profiles（both fatty and amino acid composition） were not influenced by the energy or protein levels or by sex.Conclusions：The dietary energy and protein levels and sex significantly influenced the carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat but not thegrowth performance,meat quality traits and nutritive profiles.展开更多
Effective management of a river reach requires a sound understanding of flow and sediment transport generated by varying natural and artificial runoff conditions. Flow and sediment transport within the Ning-Meng reach...Effective management of a river reach requires a sound understanding of flow and sediment transport generated by varying natural and artificial runoff conditions. Flow and sediment transport within the Ning-Meng reach of the Yellow River（NMRYR）, northern China are controlled by a complex set of factors/processes, mainly including four sets of factors：（1） aeolian sediments from deserts bordering the main stream;（2） inflow of water and sediment from numerous tributaries;（3） impoundment of water by reservoir/hydro-junction; and（4） complex diversion and return of irrigation water. In this study, the 1-D flow ＆ sediment transport model developed by the Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research was used to simulate the flow and sediment transport within the NMRYR from 2001 to 2012. All four sets of factors that primarily control the flow and sediment transport mentioned above were considered in this model. Compared to the measured data collected from the hydrological stations along the NMRYR, the simulated flow and sediment transport values were generally acceptable, with relative mean deviation between measured and simulated values of 〈15%. However, simulated sediment concentration and siltation values within two sub-reaches（i.e., Qingtongxia Reservoir to Bayan Gol Hydrological Station and Bayan Gol Hydrological Station to Toudaoguai Hydrological Station） for some periods exhibited relatively large errors（the relative mean deviations between measured and simulated values of 18% and 25%, respectively）. These errors are presumably related to the inability to accurately determine the quantity of aeolian sediment influx to the river reach and the inflow of water from the ten ephemeral tributaries. This study may provide some valuable insights into the numerical simulations of flow and sediment transport in large watersheds and also provide a useful model for the effective management of the NMRYR.展开更多
Fatty acid transport protein-1 （FATP-1） is one of the important transporter proteins involved in fatty acid transmembrane transport and fat deposition. To study the relationship between FATP-1 mRNA expression and fa...Fatty acid transport protein-1 （FATP-1） is one of the important transporter proteins involved in fatty acid transmembrane transport and fat deposition. To study the relationship between FATP-1 mRNA expression and fat deposition, chicken （Gallus gallus） FATP-1 sequence was first cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE）. Tissue samples of chest muscle, leg muscle, subcutaneous fat, and abdominal fat were collected from six male and six female broilers each, at 22 days, 29 days, and 42 days, respectively. The tissue specificity and ontogenesis expression pattern of the FATP-1 mRNA of yellow-feathered broilers was studied by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）, and the fat deposition laws in different tissues were also compared. A 2,488 bp cDNA sequence of chicken FATP-1 was cloned by RACE （GenBank accession no. DQ352834）, including 547 bp 3＇ end untranslated region （URT） and 1,941 bp open reading frame （ORF）. Chicken FATP-1 encoded 646 amino acid residues, which shared 83.9% and 83.0% identity with those of human and rat, respectively. The results of quantitative PCR demonstrated a constant FATP-1 mRNA expression level in the chest muscle and subcutaneous fat of both male and female broilers at three stages, whereas the expression level of the FATP-1 mRNA in the leg muscle at 42 days was significantly higher than that at 22 days or 29 days. In the abdominal fat of male broilers, the gene expression significantly increased with age, whereas the female broilers showed a dramatic downregulation of FATP-1 expression in abdominal fat at 42 days. This suggested a typical tissue-and gender-specific expression pattern of chicken FATP-1, mediating the specific process of fatty acid transport or utilization in muscle and adipose tissues.展开更多
Roses are important horticultural plants with enormous diversity in flowers and flowering behavior.However,molecular regulation of flowering time variation in roses remains poorly characterized.Here,we report an expan...Roses are important horticultural plants with enormous diversity in flowers and flowering behavior.However,molecular regulation of flowering time variation in roses remains poorly characterized.Here,we report an expansion of the FAR1/FRS-like genes that correlates well with the switch to prostrate-toerect growth of shoots upon flowering in Rosa wichuraiana‘Basye's Thornless'(BT).With the availability of the high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly for BT that we developed recently,we identified 91 RwFAR1/FRS-like genes,a significant expansion in contrast to 52 in Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’(OB),a founder genotype in modern rose domestication.Rose FAR1/FRS-like proteins feature distinct variation in protein domain structures.The dispersed expansion of RwFAR1/FRS-like genes occurred specifically in clade I and II and is significantly associated with transposon insertion in BT.Most of the RwFAR1/FRS-like genes showed relatively higher expression level than their corresponding orthologs in OB.FAR1/FRS-like genes regulate light-signaling processes,shade avoidance,and flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana.Therefore,the expansion and duplication of RwFAR1/FRS-like genes,followed by diversification in gene expression,might offer a novel leverage point for further understanding the molecular regulation of the variation in shoot-growth behavior and flowering time in roses.展开更多
凡纳滨对虾的主要选育目标分为两个方面:一是培育具有较强抗病、抗逆性的“高抗系”(GK),二是培育具有快速生长特性的“快大系”(KD)。然而,国内缺少针对这两个选育群体的遗传多样性特别是基因组近交水平的调查分析研究。基于液相芯片...凡纳滨对虾的主要选育目标分为两个方面:一是培育具有较强抗病、抗逆性的“高抗系”(GK),二是培育具有快速生长特性的“快大系”(KD)。然而,国内缺少针对这两个选育群体的遗传多样性特别是基因组近交水平的调查分析研究。基于液相芯片“黄海芯1号”(55 K SNP)的基因分型数据,首次分析了GK(1064尾个体)和KD(564尾个体)选育群体的遗传结构和遗传多样性,调查了连续性纯合片段(ROH)的基因组分布特征,并重点评估了两个群体的基因组近交水平。PCA及进化树分析表明GK及KD群体可明确分层,亲缘关系热图表明KD群体内个体间的亲缘关系比GK群体更近。GK群体包括的家系数量更多,导致其遗传多样性高于KD群体;两群体间的F_(st)为0.09,存在中等遗传分化。GK和KD群体每个ROH的平均长度分别为(1.70±0.34)Mb和(1.65±0.38)Mb,每个样本ROH的平均数量分别为1.98±1.30和2.07±1.37。GK和KD群体0.8~1.25 Mb长度的ROH占比分别为11.41%和19.17%,表明KD群体的选育历史比GK群体更长。两个群体>2.25 Mb长度的ROH片段占比分别为10.26和9.74%,表明两个群体短期内未发生近亲交配。七种基因组近交系数评估结果表明,KD群体的近交水平高于GK群体。不依赖基础群体等位基因频率的F_(ROH)和F_(HOM)方法可准确地评价育种群体的真实近交水平,而F_(VR1)、F_(YA1)和F_(LH1)等依赖基础群体等位基因频率的方法可以用来比较群体及个体间的相对近交水平。上述结果为准确地评估育种群体的近交水平和优化育种方案提供了重要参考依据。展开更多
Automatically detecting Ulva prolifera(U.prolifera)in rainy and cloudy weather using remote sensing imagery has been a long-standing problem.Here,we address this challenge by combining high-resolution Synthetic Apertu...Automatically detecting Ulva prolifera(U.prolifera)in rainy and cloudy weather using remote sensing imagery has been a long-standing problem.Here,we address this challenge by combining high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)imagery with the machine learning,and detect the U.prolifera of the South Yellow Sea of China(SYS)in 2021.The findings indicate that the Random Forest model can accurately and robustly detect U.prolifera,even in the presence of complex ocean backgrounds and speckle noise.Visual inspection confirmed that the method successfully identified the majority of pixels containing U.prolifera without misidentifying noise pixels or seawater pixels as U.prolifera.Additionally,the method demonstrated consistent performance across different im-ages,with an average Area Under Curve(AUC)of 0.930(+0.028).The analysis yielded an overall accuracy of over 96%,with an average Kappa coefficient of 0.941(+0.038).Compared to the traditional thresholding method,Random Forest model has a lower estimation error of 14.81%.Practical application indicates that this method can be used in the detection of unprecedented U.prolifera in 2021 to derive continuous spatiotemporal changes.This study provides a potential new method to detect U.prolifera and enhances our under-standing of macroalgal outbreaks in the marine environment.展开更多
基金supported by the National 863 Project（2012AA10A403）the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City of China（2014A610187）the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Ningbo University（G14041）
文摘Interleukin 1β（IL-1β）, the first interleukin to be characterized, plays a key role in regulating the immune response. In this study, we determined the c DNA and genomic DNA sequences of the IL-1β gene from the large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the IL-1β（Lc IL-1β） gene was most closely related to that of European seabass（Dicentrarchus labrax）, sharing 67.8% amino acid identity. In healthy large yellow croaker, Lc IL-1β transcription was detected in all tested tissues, with the highest level found in the head kidney. Upon Vibrio alginolyticus infection, Lc IL-1β transcription in all tested tissues was significantly upregulated. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant Lc IL-1β（r Lc IL-1β） improved the survival rate and reduced the tissue bacterial load after V. alginolyticus infection. In addition, r Lc IL-1β induced monocytes/macrophages（MO/MΦ） chemotaxis and increased phagocytosis and bactericidal activity in vitro. These results suggest that Lc IL-1β plays an important role in the large yellow croaker immune response against V. alginolyticus.
文摘Osteosarcoma is a very serious primary bone cancer with a high death rate and a dismal prognosis.Since there is no permanent therapy for this condition,it is necessary to develop a cure.Therefore,this investigation was carried out to assess the impacts and biological functions of hydroxysafflor yellow A(HYSA)in osteosarcoma cell lines(MG63).In this investigational study,MG63 cells were utilized.Microarray experiments,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR),immunofluorescent staining,extracellular acidification rate(ECAR),oxygen consumption rate(OCR),glucose consumption,lactate production,and ATP levels,proliferation assay,5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine(EDU)staining,and Western blot were performed.In MG63 cells,HYSA lowered cell proliferation and metastasis rates,suppressed EDU cell number,and enhanced caspase-3/9 activity levels.HYSA reduced the Warburg effect and induced ferroptosis(FPT)in MG63 cells.Inhibiting ferroptosis diminished HYSA’s anti-cancer activities in MG63 cells.The stimulation of the HIF-1α/SLC7A11 pathway decreased HYSA’s anti-cancer activities in MG63 cells.HIF-1αis one target spot for HYSA in a model of osteosarcoma cancer(OC).HYSA altered HIF-1α’s thermophoretic activity;following binding with HYSA,HIF-1α’s melting point increased from~55°C to~60°C.HYSA significantly enhanced the thermal stability of exogenous WT HIF-1αwhile not affecting Mut HIF-1α,suggesting that ARG-311,GLY-312,GLN-347,and GLN-387 may be involved in the interaction between HIF-1αand HYSA.Conclusively,our study revealed that HYSA induced FPT and reduced the Warburg effect of OC through mitochondrial damage by HIF-1α/HK2/SLC7A11 pathway.HYSA is a possible therapeutic option for OC or other cancers.
文摘Decomposition of anthraquinone Vat Yellow 1 in an aqueous solution was investigated for this study. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using zinc oxide photocatalyst in aqueous solution under UV and solar irradiation was proposed to decompose anthraquinone Vat Yellow 1. Decomposition of the dye was effective under both irradiations using the zinc oxide photocatalyst. The effects of zinc oxide dose and dye concentration on the decomposition of Vat Yellow 1 under UV irradiation were investigated to assess the optimum conditions. Decomposition efficiency of Vat Yellow 1 dye increased as zinc oxide amount increased and decreased as the initial dye concentration increased. The decomposition kinetics was established to follow first-order kinetics. A study on the presence of inorganic additives such as sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium chloride (NaCl) was found to decrease the decomposition.
基金the National Beef Cattle Industry and Technology System for their financial support
文摘Background：The experiment evaluated the effect of nutrition levels and sex on the growth performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus × Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle.Methods：During the background period of 184 d,23 steers and 24 heifers were fed the same ration,then put into a2×2×2 factorial arrangement under two levels of- dietary energy（TON：70/80%DM）,protein（CP：11.9/14.3%DM）and sex（S：male/female） during the finishing phase of 146 d.The treatments were-（1） high energy/low protein（HELP）,（2） high energy/high protein（HEHP）,（3） low energy/low protein（LELP） and（4） low energy/high protein（LEHP）.Each treatment used 6 steers and 6 heifers,except for HELP- 5 steers and 6 heifers.Results：Growth rate and final carcass weight were unaffected by dietary energy and protein levels or by sex.Compared with the LE diet group,the HE group had significantly lower dry matter intake（DMI,6.76 vs.7.48 kg DM/d）,greater chest girth increments（46.1 vs.36.8 cm）,higher carcass fat（19.9 vs.16.3%） and intramuscular fat content（29.9 vs.22.8%DM）.The HE group also had improved yields of top and medium top grade commercial meat cuts（39.9 vs.36.5%）.The dressing percentage was higher for the HP group than the LP group（53.4 vs.54.9%）.Steers had a greater length increment（9.0 vs.8.3 cm）,but lower carcass fat content（16.8 vs.19.4%） than heifers.The meat quality traits（shear force value,drip loss,cooking loss and water holding capacity） were not affected by treatments or sex,averaging 3.14 kg,2.5,31.5 and 52.9%,respectively.The nutritive profiles（both fatty and amino acid composition） were not influenced by the energy or protein levels or by sex.Conclusions：The dietary energy and protein levels and sex significantly influenced the carcass characteristics and chemical composition of meat but not thegrowth performance,meat quality traits and nutritive profiles.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51579113,51309111,51309113)
文摘Effective management of a river reach requires a sound understanding of flow and sediment transport generated by varying natural and artificial runoff conditions. Flow and sediment transport within the Ning-Meng reach of the Yellow River（NMRYR）, northern China are controlled by a complex set of factors/processes, mainly including four sets of factors：（1） aeolian sediments from deserts bordering the main stream;（2） inflow of water and sediment from numerous tributaries;（3） impoundment of water by reservoir/hydro-junction; and（4） complex diversion and return of irrigation water. In this study, the 1-D flow ＆ sediment transport model developed by the Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research was used to simulate the flow and sediment transport within the NMRYR from 2001 to 2012. All four sets of factors that primarily control the flow and sediment transport mentioned above were considered in this model. Compared to the measured data collected from the hydrological stations along the NMRYR, the simulated flow and sediment transport values were generally acceptable, with relative mean deviation between measured and simulated values of 〈15%. However, simulated sediment concentration and siltation values within two sub-reaches（i.e., Qingtongxia Reservoir to Bayan Gol Hydrological Station and Bayan Gol Hydrological Station to Toudaoguai Hydrological Station） for some periods exhibited relatively large errors（the relative mean deviations between measured and simulated values of 18% and 25%, respectively）. These errors are presumably related to the inability to accurately determine the quantity of aeolian sediment influx to the river reach and the inflow of water from the ten ephemeral tributaries. This study may provide some valuable insights into the numerical simulations of flow and sediment transport in large watersheds and also provide a useful model for the effective management of the NMRYR.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2004CB117501)the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.30500367)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation for Program of Research Team(No.04205804)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,Ministry of Education of China.
文摘Fatty acid transport protein-1 （FATP-1） is one of the important transporter proteins involved in fatty acid transmembrane transport and fat deposition. To study the relationship between FATP-1 mRNA expression and fat deposition, chicken （Gallus gallus） FATP-1 sequence was first cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE）. Tissue samples of chest muscle, leg muscle, subcutaneous fat, and abdominal fat were collected from six male and six female broilers each, at 22 days, 29 days, and 42 days, respectively. The tissue specificity and ontogenesis expression pattern of the FATP-1 mRNA of yellow-feathered broilers was studied by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）, and the fat deposition laws in different tissues were also compared. A 2,488 bp cDNA sequence of chicken FATP-1 was cloned by RACE （GenBank accession no. DQ352834）, including 547 bp 3＇ end untranslated region （URT） and 1,941 bp open reading frame （ORF）. Chicken FATP-1 encoded 646 amino acid residues, which shared 83.9% and 83.0% identity with those of human and rat, respectively. The results of quantitative PCR demonstrated a constant FATP-1 mRNA expression level in the chest muscle and subcutaneous fat of both male and female broilers at three stages, whereas the expression level of the FATP-1 mRNA in the leg muscle at 42 days was significantly higher than that at 22 days or 29 days. In the abdominal fat of male broilers, the gene expression significantly increased with age, whereas the female broilers showed a dramatic downregulation of FATP-1 expression in abdominal fat at 42 days. This suggested a typical tissue-and gender-specific expression pattern of chicken FATP-1, mediating the specific process of fatty acid transport or utilization in muscle and adipose tissues.
基金This work was funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences to J-Y H(XDB31000000)the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program to J-Y H(292015312D11035)and Yunnan Recruitment Program of Experts in Science to J-Y H.
文摘Roses are important horticultural plants with enormous diversity in flowers and flowering behavior.However,molecular regulation of flowering time variation in roses remains poorly characterized.Here,we report an expansion of the FAR1/FRS-like genes that correlates well with the switch to prostrate-toerect growth of shoots upon flowering in Rosa wichuraiana‘Basye's Thornless'(BT).With the availability of the high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly for BT that we developed recently,we identified 91 RwFAR1/FRS-like genes,a significant expansion in contrast to 52 in Rosa chinensis‘Old Blush’(OB),a founder genotype in modern rose domestication.Rose FAR1/FRS-like proteins feature distinct variation in protein domain structures.The dispersed expansion of RwFAR1/FRS-like genes occurred specifically in clade I and II and is significantly associated with transposon insertion in BT.Most of the RwFAR1/FRS-like genes showed relatively higher expression level than their corresponding orthologs in OB.FAR1/FRS-like genes regulate light-signaling processes,shade avoidance,and flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana.Therefore,the expansion and duplication of RwFAR1/FRS-like genes,followed by diversification in gene expression,might offer a novel leverage point for further understanding the molecular regulation of the variation in shoot-growth behavior and flowering time in roses.
文摘凡纳滨对虾的主要选育目标分为两个方面:一是培育具有较强抗病、抗逆性的“高抗系”(GK),二是培育具有快速生长特性的“快大系”(KD)。然而,国内缺少针对这两个选育群体的遗传多样性特别是基因组近交水平的调查分析研究。基于液相芯片“黄海芯1号”(55 K SNP)的基因分型数据,首次分析了GK(1064尾个体)和KD(564尾个体)选育群体的遗传结构和遗传多样性,调查了连续性纯合片段(ROH)的基因组分布特征,并重点评估了两个群体的基因组近交水平。PCA及进化树分析表明GK及KD群体可明确分层,亲缘关系热图表明KD群体内个体间的亲缘关系比GK群体更近。GK群体包括的家系数量更多,导致其遗传多样性高于KD群体;两群体间的F_(st)为0.09,存在中等遗传分化。GK和KD群体每个ROH的平均长度分别为(1.70±0.34)Mb和(1.65±0.38)Mb,每个样本ROH的平均数量分别为1.98±1.30和2.07±1.37。GK和KD群体0.8~1.25 Mb长度的ROH占比分别为11.41%和19.17%,表明KD群体的选育历史比GK群体更长。两个群体>2.25 Mb长度的ROH片段占比分别为10.26和9.74%,表明两个群体短期内未发生近亲交配。七种基因组近交系数评估结果表明,KD群体的近交水平高于GK群体。不依赖基础群体等位基因频率的F_(ROH)和F_(HOM)方法可准确地评价育种群体的真实近交水平,而F_(VR1)、F_(YA1)和F_(LH1)等依赖基础群体等位基因频率的方法可以用来比较群体及个体间的相对近交水平。上述结果为准确地评估育种群体的近交水平和优化育种方案提供了重要参考依据。
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42071385)National Science and Technology Major Project of High Resolution Earth Observation System(No.79-Y50-G18-9001-22/23)。
文摘Automatically detecting Ulva prolifera(U.prolifera)in rainy and cloudy weather using remote sensing imagery has been a long-standing problem.Here,we address this challenge by combining high-resolution Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)imagery with the machine learning,and detect the U.prolifera of the South Yellow Sea of China(SYS)in 2021.The findings indicate that the Random Forest model can accurately and robustly detect U.prolifera,even in the presence of complex ocean backgrounds and speckle noise.Visual inspection confirmed that the method successfully identified the majority of pixels containing U.prolifera without misidentifying noise pixels or seawater pixels as U.prolifera.Additionally,the method demonstrated consistent performance across different im-ages,with an average Area Under Curve(AUC)of 0.930(+0.028).The analysis yielded an overall accuracy of over 96%,with an average Kappa coefficient of 0.941(+0.038).Compared to the traditional thresholding method,Random Forest model has a lower estimation error of 14.81%.Practical application indicates that this method can be used in the detection of unprecedented U.prolifera in 2021 to derive continuous spatiotemporal changes.This study provides a potential new method to detect U.prolifera and enhances our under-standing of macroalgal outbreaks in the marine environment.
