Traffic intersections are incredibly dangerous for drivers and pedestrians. Statistics from both Canada and the U.S. show a high number of fatalities and serious injuries related to crashes at intersections. In Canada...Traffic intersections are incredibly dangerous for drivers and pedestrians. Statistics from both Canada and the U.S. show a high number of fatalities and serious injuries related to crashes at intersections. In Canada, during 2019, the National Collision Database shows that 28% of traffic fatalities and 42% of serious injuries occurred at intersections. Likewise, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Administration (NHTSA) found that about 40% of the estimated 5,811,000 accidents in the U.S. during the year studied were intersection-related crashes. In fact, a major survey by the car insurance industry found that nearly 85% of drivers could not identify the correct action to take when approaching a yellow traffic light at an intersection. One major reason for these accidents is the “yellow light dilemma,” the ambiguous situation where a driver should stop or proceed forward when unexpectedly faced with a yellow light. This situation is even further exacerbated by the tendency of aggressive drivers to inappropriately speed up on the yellow just to get through the traffic light. A survey of Canadian drivers conducted by the Traffic Injury Research Foundation found that 9% of drivers admitted to speeding up to get through a traffic light. Another reason for these accidents is the increased danger of making a left-hand turn on yellow. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Association (NHTSA), left turns occur in approximately 22.2% of collisions—as opposed to just 1.2% for right turns. Moreover, a study by CNN found left turns are three times as likely to kill pedestrians than right turns. The reason left turns are so much more likely to cause an accident is because they take a driver against traffic and in the path of oncoming cars. Additionally, most of these left turns occur at the driver’s discretion—as opposed to the distressingly brief left-hand arrow at busy intersections. Drive Safe Now proposes a workable solution for reducing the number of accidents occurring during a yellow light at intersections. We believe this fairly simple solution will save lives, prevent injuries, reduce damage to public and private property, and decrease insurance costs.展开更多
A new traffic regulation that penalizes drivers for running yellow lights has stirred up contro- versy since it took effect on January 1, 2013. Under the new regulation, the strictest to date in China, drivers running...A new traffic regulation that penalizes drivers for running yellow lights has stirred up contro- versy since it took effect on January 1, 2013. Under the new regulation, the strictest to date in China, drivers running a yellow traffic light will have six points deducted from the 12 points allocated to their driver＇s licenses. Previously, drivers were docked only three points for driv- ing through red light.展开更多
The yellow light dilemma zone is widely known as an area on the high-speed intersection ap- proach, where vehicles neither safely stop before the stop line nor proceed through the intersection dur- ing amber interval....The yellow light dilemma zone is widely known as an area on the high-speed intersection ap- proach, where vehicles neither safely stop before the stop line nor proceed through the intersection dur- ing amber interval. Within such an area, a vehicle might be involved in a right-angle crash or rear-end collision. This issue has been extensively discussed over five decades in traffic engineering field, cov- eting from theory to practice. However, few comprehensive review literatures on the amber signal di- lemma zone problems can be found. The objective of this paper is to summarize the evolution of yellow light dilemma zone researches. Basic definition and boundary of dilemma zone followed by driver be- havior and dilemma zone hazard measurement are depicted. At last, the future directions of yellow light dilemma zone research are discussed.展开更多
The yellowness of new processed down duvet after exposure to light irradiation seems very mysterious,degree of its yellowness sometimes minor,other times serious,seemingly erratic.So it is very essential for down duve...The yellowness of new processed down duvet after exposure to light irradiation seems very mysterious,degree of its yellowness sometimes minor,other times serious,seemingly erratic.So it is very essential for down duvet manufacturers to figure out the cause of this problem.The yellowed down duvet was split into two parts firstly,one was the external fabric which treated with antidrilling finish of polyurethane(PU) in advance,the other was filled down.Results showed that yellowing of external fabric was serious while the filled down yellowness was not obvious.However,when the external fabric and the filled down from the same batch of duvet were irradiated under the same condition respectively,the result indicated both the external fabric and the filled down had not yellowed as the above duvet.Therefore,it was inferred that the external fabric's yellowing was possibly induced by one property of the filled down.Then the key performance indicators of the filled down,such as cleanliness,oxygen consumption,and microorganisms,were measured and analyzed,and the extraction liquid of the down was also analyzed by the chromogenic reaction and UV-vis spectra.Results indicated the non-decomposed hydrogen peroxide residued in the filled down which would cause a higher oxygen consumption and induce photo oxidation yellowing of the PU film on external fabric,and the degree of its yellowing increased with the concentration of residual hydrogen peroxide increasing.Hydrogen peroxide composition would speed up the photo oxidation yellowing process and decrease the IR transmittance of PU film.Meanwhile its yellowed degree aggravating.展开更多
To demonstrate the existence of light thresholds in plant growth and to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on the shade tolerance of a tree species, an experiment consisting of a completely randomized design for a to...To demonstrate the existence of light thresholds in plant growth and to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on the shade tolerance of a tree species, an experiment consisting of a completely randomized design for a total of 96 yellow birch （Betula alleghaniensis Britton） seedlings was conducted with 3 light levels （2.9%, 7.7%, 26.1% of full sunlight） × 2 CO2 levels （350 and 700±10 ppm） with 4 replications in a phytotron. The study proved that thresholds exist and they vary in different plant organs. In ambient CO2, the thresholds were 13.3%, 18.7%, 15.0%, 15.2%, and 15.6% of full sunlight for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. In 700 ppm CO2, the corresponding thresholds were 16.7%, 21.3%, 18.1%, 21.7% and 19.5% for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. The lowest threshold in the stem is an indicator of the minimal light intensity for regular growth for seedlings of this species. Below this threshold, light-stressful growth occurs. The result of a paired t-test indicated that the thresholds in elevated CO2 were significantly higher than in ambient CO2. This suggests that yellow birch will lose its moderate shade tolerance, evolutionally becoming a shade-intolerant species, and that it may become more difficult to naturally regenerate in the future.展开更多
Decomposition of anthraquinone Vat Yellow 1 in an aqueous solution was investigated for this study. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using zinc oxide photocatalyst in aqueous solution under UV and solar irradiation was pr...Decomposition of anthraquinone Vat Yellow 1 in an aqueous solution was investigated for this study. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using zinc oxide photocatalyst in aqueous solution under UV and solar irradiation was proposed to decompose anthraquinone Vat Yellow 1. Decomposition of the dye was effective under both irradiations using the zinc oxide photocatalyst. The effects of zinc oxide dose and dye concentration on the decomposition of Vat Yellow 1 under UV irradiation were investigated to assess the optimum conditions. Decomposition efficiency of Vat Yellow 1 dye increased as zinc oxide amount increased and decreased as the initial dye concentration increased. The decomposition kinetics was established to follow first-order kinetics. A study on the presence of inorganic additives such as sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium chloride (NaCl) was found to decrease the decomposition.展开更多
文摘Traffic intersections are incredibly dangerous for drivers and pedestrians. Statistics from both Canada and the U.S. show a high number of fatalities and serious injuries related to crashes at intersections. In Canada, during 2019, the National Collision Database shows that 28% of traffic fatalities and 42% of serious injuries occurred at intersections. Likewise, the U.S. National Highway Traffic Administration (NHTSA) found that about 40% of the estimated 5,811,000 accidents in the U.S. during the year studied were intersection-related crashes. In fact, a major survey by the car insurance industry found that nearly 85% of drivers could not identify the correct action to take when approaching a yellow traffic light at an intersection. One major reason for these accidents is the “yellow light dilemma,” the ambiguous situation where a driver should stop or proceed forward when unexpectedly faced with a yellow light. This situation is even further exacerbated by the tendency of aggressive drivers to inappropriately speed up on the yellow just to get through the traffic light. A survey of Canadian drivers conducted by the Traffic Injury Research Foundation found that 9% of drivers admitted to speeding up to get through a traffic light. Another reason for these accidents is the increased danger of making a left-hand turn on yellow. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Association (NHTSA), left turns occur in approximately 22.2% of collisions—as opposed to just 1.2% for right turns. Moreover, a study by CNN found left turns are three times as likely to kill pedestrians than right turns. The reason left turns are so much more likely to cause an accident is because they take a driver against traffic and in the path of oncoming cars. Additionally, most of these left turns occur at the driver’s discretion—as opposed to the distressingly brief left-hand arrow at busy intersections. Drive Safe Now proposes a workable solution for reducing the number of accidents occurring during a yellow light at intersections. We believe this fairly simple solution will save lives, prevent injuries, reduce damage to public and private property, and decrease insurance costs.
文摘A new traffic regulation that penalizes drivers for running yellow lights has stirred up contro- versy since it took effect on January 1, 2013. Under the new regulation, the strictest to date in China, drivers running a yellow traffic light will have six points deducted from the 12 points allocated to their driver＇s licenses. Previously, drivers were docked only three points for driv- ing through red light.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( No . 51208238 )the Science & Technology Plan Program of Yunnan Province , China ( No . 2013CA025 )
文摘The yellow light dilemma zone is widely known as an area on the high-speed intersection ap- proach, where vehicles neither safely stop before the stop line nor proceed through the intersection dur- ing amber interval. Within such an area, a vehicle might be involved in a right-angle crash or rear-end collision. This issue has been extensively discussed over five decades in traffic engineering field, cov- eting from theory to practice. However, few comprehensive review literatures on the amber signal di- lemma zone problems can be found. The objective of this paper is to summarize the evolution of yellow light dilemma zone researches. Basic definition and boundary of dilemma zone followed by driver be- havior and dilemma zone hazard measurement are depicted. At last, the future directions of yellow light dilemma zone research are discussed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51503002)Nature Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(No.1608085QB43)Natural Science Fund of Education Department of Anhui Province,China(No.KJ2016A796)
文摘The yellowness of new processed down duvet after exposure to light irradiation seems very mysterious,degree of its yellowness sometimes minor,other times serious,seemingly erratic.So it is very essential for down duvet manufacturers to figure out the cause of this problem.The yellowed down duvet was split into two parts firstly,one was the external fabric which treated with antidrilling finish of polyurethane(PU) in advance,the other was filled down.Results showed that yellowing of external fabric was serious while the filled down yellowness was not obvious.However,when the external fabric and the filled down from the same batch of duvet were irradiated under the same condition respectively,the result indicated both the external fabric and the filled down had not yellowed as the above duvet.Therefore,it was inferred that the external fabric's yellowing was possibly induced by one property of the filled down.Then the key performance indicators of the filled down,such as cleanliness,oxygen consumption,and microorganisms,were measured and analyzed,and the extraction liquid of the down was also analyzed by the chromogenic reaction and UV-vis spectra.Results indicated the non-decomposed hydrogen peroxide residued in the filled down which would cause a higher oxygen consumption and induce photo oxidation yellowing of the PU film on external fabric,and the degree of its yellowing increased with the concentration of residual hydrogen peroxide increasing.Hydrogen peroxide composition would speed up the photo oxidation yellowing process and decrease the IR transmittance of PU film.Meanwhile its yellowed degree aggravating.
文摘To demonstrate the existence of light thresholds in plant growth and to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on the shade tolerance of a tree species, an experiment consisting of a completely randomized design for a total of 96 yellow birch （Betula alleghaniensis Britton） seedlings was conducted with 3 light levels （2.9%, 7.7%, 26.1% of full sunlight） × 2 CO2 levels （350 and 700±10 ppm） with 4 replications in a phytotron. The study proved that thresholds exist and they vary in different plant organs. In ambient CO2, the thresholds were 13.3%, 18.7%, 15.0%, 15.2%, and 15.6% of full sunlight for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. In 700 ppm CO2, the corresponding thresholds were 16.7%, 21.3%, 18.1%, 21.7% and 19.5% for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. The lowest threshold in the stem is an indicator of the minimal light intensity for regular growth for seedlings of this species. Below this threshold, light-stressful growth occurs. The result of a paired t-test indicated that the thresholds in elevated CO2 were significantly higher than in ambient CO2. This suggests that yellow birch will lose its moderate shade tolerance, evolutionally becoming a shade-intolerant species, and that it may become more difficult to naturally regenerate in the future.
文摘Decomposition of anthraquinone Vat Yellow 1 in an aqueous solution was investigated for this study. Heterogeneous photocatalysis using zinc oxide photocatalyst in aqueous solution under UV and solar irradiation was proposed to decompose anthraquinone Vat Yellow 1. Decomposition of the dye was effective under both irradiations using the zinc oxide photocatalyst. The effects of zinc oxide dose and dye concentration on the decomposition of Vat Yellow 1 under UV irradiation were investigated to assess the optimum conditions. Decomposition efficiency of Vat Yellow 1 dye increased as zinc oxide amount increased and decreased as the initial dye concentration increased. The decomposition kinetics was established to follow first-order kinetics. A study on the presence of inorganic additives such as sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and sodium chloride (NaCl) was found to decrease the decomposition.
