Paleoecology of Early Ordovician Reefs in the Yichang Area,Hubei:a Correlation of Organic Reefs Between Early Ordovician and Jurassic

The Early Ordovician System is composed mainly of a series of carbonate platform deposits interbedded with shale and is especially characterized by a large number of organic reefs or buildups that occur widely in the research area.The reefs have different thicknesses ranging from 0.5 m to 11.5 m and lengths varying from 1 m to 130 m.The reef-building organisms include Archaeoscyphia, Recepthaculitids,Batostoma,Cyanobacteria and Pulchrilamina.Through the research of characteristics of the reef-bearing strata of the Early Ordovician in the Yichang area,four sorts of biofacies are recognized,which are(1) shelly biofacies:containing Tritoechia-Pelmatozans community and Tritoechia-Pomatotrema community;(2) reef biofacies:including the Batostoma,Calathium-Archaeoscyphia, Pelmatozoa-Batostoma,Archeoscyphia and Calathium-Cyanobacteria communities; (3) standing-water biofacies:including the Acanthograptus-Dendrogptus and Yichangopora communities;and(4) allochthonous biofacies:containing Nanorthis-Psilocephlina taphocoense community.The analysis of sea-level changes indicates that there are four cycles of sea-level changes during the period when reef-bearing strata were formed in this area,and the development of reefs is obviously controlled by the velocity of sea-level changes and the growth of accommodation space.The authors hold that reefs were mostly formed in the high sea level periods.Because of the development of several subordinate cycles during the sea-level rising,the reefs are characterized by great quantity, wide distribution,thin thickness and small scale,which are similar to that of Juassic reefs in northern Tibet.The research on the evolution of communities shows that succession and replacement are the main forms.The former is favorable to the development of reefs and the latter indicates the disappearance of reefs.

New Macroscopic Problematic Fossil from the Early Cambrian Yanjiahe Biota,Yichang,Hubei,China

Yanjiahella gen. nov., a distinctive fossil taxon from the Early Cambrian Yanjiahe Biota in Yichang, Hubei Province, is characterized by： 1） an overall body plan composed of a stalk and a calyx （also arms in some species）; 2） a stalk with closely spaced, transverse wrinkles and a medial, longitudinal ridge; and 3） a calyx preserved with three-dimensional radiating striations, as well as a probable madreporite in some specimens. Three species that can be assigned to this genus, which are Y. ancarpa sp. nov., Y. monocarpa sp. nov., and Y. biscarpa sp. nov. Yanjiahella is comparable to certain echinoderm taxa in terms of morphology and some biological structures, which might indicate the early evolution and diversification of ancestral echinoderm lineages from the early Early Cambrian Yangtze Platform. The discovery of putative echinoderms in the Yanjiahe Biota provides significant clues about the origination and evolution of the deuterostome phylum Echinodermata.

Provenance Study of Fe–Ti Oxide Minerals in the Quaternary Sediments in Yichang Area and Its Implication of Formation Time of the Yangtze Three Gorges, China

The Three Gorges are considered to be critical to understand the formation of Yangtze River. Recent research results suggest that the Yangtze Three Gorges was created during the Quaternary but the exact time is debatable. Fe-Ti oxide minerals are seldom used to study sediment provenance, expecially using scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and energy dispersive spectrometer （EDS）. In this study, the provenance of Quaternary sediments in Yichang area, which is located to the east of the Yangtze Three Gorges, was investigated by using SEM and EDS to research Fe-Ti oxides. The Panzhihua vanadium titanomagnetite and Emeishan basalt outcrop are located to the west of the Three Gorges. Further, the materials from them are observed in the Quaternary sediments of Yichang area. Fe-Ti oxide minerals from the Huangling granite are observed in the Yunchi and Shanxiyao Formations, which were formed before 0.75 Ma B.P., whereas Fe-Ti oxide minerals from the Huangling granite, Panzhihua vanadium titanomagnetite, and Emeishan basalt are observed in the riverbed and fifth-terrace sediments of the Yangtze River, which were formed after 0.73 Ma B.P.. Thus, we can infer that the Three Gorges formed after the deposition of the Shanxi Formation and before the fifth-terrace; i.e., 0.75-0.73 Ma B.P..

Provenance of Detrital Magnetites from Quaternary Sediments in the Yichang Area and its Significance to the Birth of the Three Gorges, Yangtze River

Objective In recent years, the birth time and evolution of the Three Gorges, Yangtze River has become a focused topic. Different from previous studies, this study used provenance analysis of Quaternary sediments to discuss this question. Among those minerals in Quaternary sediments, magnetite was rarely studied. This paper presents element geochemistry and backscatter images of detrital magnetites from the Quaternary sediments in the Yichang area of Hubei Province. By discussing the provenance changes of detratic magnetites, we suggested the birth time of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.

Study on the Status Quo of Yichang Dialect-A Case study in Xiling District

Dialect is threatened by the increasing language contact. In Yichang, seldom young students speak its dialect. In this preliminary research, the author tries to clarify the actual language use and language attitude in the community of family by the means of interviewing the parents living in Xiling district, both of whom could speak the dialect. It is found that the profession,education background of parents would influence their language attitude and actual choice of language to their children. The result shows that there exists significant disparity between the parents' language attitudes and the actual communication with their children. Reasons of such disparity and the public prediction of the tendency of Yichang dialect and provided. In the end, suggestions towards language policy are presented.

A Study on Development of Leisure Tourism in Yichang City of Hubei Province

In recent years,leisure tourism in Yichang City of Hubei Province has been developed rapidly and has made great contribution to the economic development of Yichang City. Leisure tourism in Yichang City has entered a golden period of great development,great transformation,great improvement and great leap forward. However,while pursuing the development of tourism industry,it is required to pay attention to the problem of improving its industrial development. This article mainly studied the current situation and existing problems of tourism in Yichang. Finally,it came up with some solutions and suggestions about how to promote the development of leisure tourism in Yichang City.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of Bupi Yichang pills for ulcerative colitis

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicine Bupi Yichang Pill in the treatment of ulcerative colitis.Method:Use a computer to retrieve English and Chinese database(PubMed,EMBASE,CNKI,VIP,and Wanfang)from the establishment of the database to May 2020.The literature of clinical randomized controlled trials of Chinese patent medicine Bupi Yichang Pill for the treatment of ulcerative colitis were collected.Two researchers independently extracted the data and evaluated the quality of the included studies and meta-analysis was conducted by Using Stata 16.0 software,and the results were graded and evaluated by GRADE.Result:Eight studies with 835 patients were included.The overall analysis showed that Bupi Yichang Pill was more effective than mesalazine sustained-release granules both in mucosal score under colonoscopy(SMD=-0.93,95%CI[-1.20,-0.67])and total efficiency(RR=1.26,95%CI[1.11,1.43]).Compared with sulfasalazine,Bupi Yichang Pill produced a more significant effect in terms of total efficiency(RR=1.13,95%CI[1.05,1.21]).In the comparison of total symptom score,Bupi Yichang Pill group was lower than mesalazine sustained-release granules group(SMD=-0.94,95%CI[-1.16,-0.72]).The more adverse effect occurred in the mesalazine group when comparing with the Bupi Yichang Pill group(RR=0.46,95%CI[0.16,1.28]).Conclusion:Bupi Yichang Pill with great safety can effectively improve the clinical effectiveness of ulcerative colitis but the conclusions above are still needed a further study through the higher quality of evidence.

Yichang's Foreign Trade

Yichang is not only one of the major industrial and commodity agricultural bases in Hubei, but also one of the important goods transient hubs. Since the State Council approved Yichang City independently running exports in 1988, it has steadily developed foreign trade along with deepening reform. In 1993, it earned foreign exchange worth US$24 million from exports, up by more than 60 percent over 1992.

Yichang City—The place where both the Three Gorges and Gezhouba projects are being constructed

Yichang City is the place where both the Three Gorges and the Gezhouba Dam projects are being constructed. Practice shows that any large State planned project will bring prosperity to the local economy. The Gezhouba Dam Project in Yichang has provided the first opportunity for the city’s development During the first stage of the Gezhouba project from 1971 to 1980, the annual average progressive growth rate of fixed assets investment and

Three Gorges Project & New Yichang

The two renowned water control projects on the Yangtze River—— the Gezhouba Water Control Project and the Three Gorges Water Control Project——are both in Yichang attracting world attention for the region. The Yichang Sub-Council of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT Yichang Sub-Council) and the Yichang Chamber

The October Three Gorges International Tourism Festival in Yichang

The Three Gorges International Tourism Festival was held in Yichang, Hubei Province, from 1st to 7th October. The festival is a key component of the Chinese Folk Arts Tour sponsored by the China Tourism Administration. The program of 20 events included the opening ceremony, the Three Gorges carnival, the evening fireworks party, the China netizen tourism festival, the Zhaojun tourism festival,

健脾益肠散对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠NLRP3信号通路IL-1β、IL-18表达的影响

目的探讨健脾益肠散对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)模型大鼠NLRP3信号通路白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-18表达的影响。方法从40只SD大鼠随机选取10只作为正常组,其余大鼠自由饮用5%硫酸葡聚糖溶液7 d制备UC大鼠模型,将成模大鼠随机分为模型组、柳氮磺吡啶组和健脾益肠散组,每组10只。健脾益肠散组和柳氮磺吡啶组予相应药液灌胃,正常组和模型组予等体积蒸馏水灌胃,连续14 d。观察大鼠一般状况,并进行疾病活动指数(DAI)评分,ELISA检测大鼠血清核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)、凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)、胱天蛋白酶1(Caspase-l)含量,免疫组化染色、Western blot和RT-PCR检测结肠组织IL-1β、IL-18蛋白及mRNA表达。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠一般状况较差,DAI评分显著升高(P<0.01),血清NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-l含量显著增加(P<0.01),结肠组织IL-1β、IL-18蛋白和mRNA表达均显著升高(P<0.01);与模型组比较,健脾益肠散组和柳氮磺嘧啶组大鼠一般状况明显好转,DAI评分显著降低(P<0.01),血清NLRP3、ASC、Caspase-l含量明显减少(P<0.05,P<0.01),结肠组织IL-1β、IL-18蛋白和mRNA表达均明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论健脾益肠散可抑制NLRP3信号通路IL-1β、IL-18表达,改善结肠免疫炎症损伤,发挥治疗UC作用。

湖北宜昌磷矿伴生稀土元素分布规律、赋存状态及其开发利用前景分析

【研究目的】湖北省宜昌磷矿中伴生有稀土元素,研究其分布规律及赋存状态,对稀土元素的回收利用具有重要意义,其作为伴生矿产的综合利用将成为未来稀土矿的重要来源。【研究方法】本文以含稀土磷块岩为主要研究对象,在系统取样的基础上,开展岩矿鉴定、全岩地球化学分析、XRD衍射分析、SEM观察、LA-ICP-MS测试等工作。【研究结果】磷块岩中稀土元素总量ΣREE+Y为63.5×10^(-6)~271.8×10^(-6),不同层位或不同岩性的磷块岩中稀土元素含量有所差异。【结论】稀土元素含量受岩性控制明显,由白云岩→白云质磷块岩→致密块状磷矿石→泥质条带磷块岩→泥岩,含量逐渐升高。微量元素反映出宜昌磷矿的古气候以干热为主,西北部略表现出温暖湿润特点;Ce异常、V/Ni和Y/Ho比值反映海水中EH条件从底部到顶部,即从Ph22成磷期到Ph13成磷期,形成水体环境逐渐氧化。宜昌磷矿中稀土元素总量整体较低,且泥岩较磷块岩中含量高,表明吸附态稀土较类质同象稀土含量高。宜昌伴生稀土磷矿资源丰富,利用合理的技术对稀土元素进行综合回收,对宜昌磷矿资源的合理利用和经济发展有重要意义。

顾及城市发展和生态保护均衡的宜昌市生境质量多情景模拟研究

城市发展过程中不同的发展方向与生态保护目标往往会产生不同的矛盾冲突,通过均衡城市发展和生态保护之间的关系,能够促进城市发展和生态保护的耦合协调。以宜昌市为研究对象,耦合PLUS—InVEST模型并结合标准差椭圆分析,以2020年土地利用现状数据为基础,模拟自然发展、经济发展以及生态保护3种情景下2040年宜昌市生境质量变化情况。研究结果表明:1)2000—2020年宜昌市主要发生变化的地类为耕地、林地以及建设用地,其中林地与耕地为主要的转出地类,建设用地为主要的转入地类;2)在不同模拟情景下,建设用地扩张方向均由西南向东北收缩,城市扩张强度减缓,建设用地扩张强度重心并开始由东向西进行迁徙;3)在自然发展和经济发展情景下,宜昌市生境质量在未来均呈现衰退的趋势,而在生态保护情景下,宜昌市生境质量有所恢复。通过模拟未来不同政策下土地利用方式改变来反映宜昌市生境质量变化情况,为均衡城市发展与生态保护产生的矛盾和冲突有着重要意义。

基于TOPSIS模型的国土空间开发适宜性评价研究——以宜昌市为例

开展国土空间开发适宜性评价是实现区域协调发展和可持续发展的重要前提和基础。本文以宜昌市为研究对象,从资源环境承载潜力、现有开发强度、经济发展潜力3个维度构建国土空间开发适宜性评价指标体系,运用灰色系统理论模型与Topsis模型评价当地国土空间开发适宜性。结果表明,宜昌市国土空间开发适宜性值介于0.3901~0.5582之间,处于较高水平的区县较少;空间上存在较明显的集聚特征,高—高聚类分布在宜昌市中部核心城区,高—低聚类分布在夷陵区及点军区,低—低聚类分布在西南部区县,不显著区域主要分布在宜昌市的边缘县区;热点分析结果表明,宜昌市国土空间开发适宜性向中间聚拢,中部成为开发热点区,同时也表明其整体空间集聚性较不均衡。

长江中游宜昌江段铜鱼的种群特征和资源量

为了解三峡水库蓄水后,长江中游宜昌江段铜鱼的种群动态变化特征,基于2003—2005年、2009—2011年和2017—2019年用流刺网在宜昌江段收集的9120尾铜鱼样本的基础生物学数据,运用FISATⅡ软件对种群参数和资源量进行估算。结果显示,2003—2005年、2009—2011年和2017—2019年宜昌江段铜鱼体长分布范围分别为118~416、111~409和107~380 mm,平均体长(平均值±标准差)为(230.7±49.8)、(217.5±54.3)和(267.2±34.1)mm;体重分布范围分别为10~1000、19~889和16~816 g,平均体重(平均值±标准差)分别为(195.8±123.6)、(153.2±118.6)和(250.3±84.2)g;生长指数b值分别为3.0151、3.0319和2.9775,均属匀速生长型。由Powell-Wetherall plot法和ELEFANⅠ法拟合渐进体长L_(∞)分别为535、530、500 mm;生长系数k值分别为0.18、0.14和0.15,属中等速率生长型;由体长结构实际种群分析估算铜鱼年资源量分别为1.14×10^(6)、1.89×10^(6)和2.10×10^(6)尾。研究表明,三峡水库蓄水后,宜昌江段铜鱼为匀速生长型,资源数量增加明显,但生长速率减缓,存在小型化趋势。研究结果将为长江禁渔后的渔业资源保护与利用提供科学依据。

鄂西宜昌地区寒武系水井沱组页岩储层地应力特征及成因

以四川盆地宜昌地区水井沱组页岩储层为对象,采用钻井实测、岩心测试分析及测井解释等技术,获取多井点现今地应力信息,研究地应力特征,探讨应力差异分布成因。结果表明:宜昌地区水井沱组现今最大水平主应力方向总体为NEE向,东、西部靠近边界断裂的区域呈多向性;现今地应力的离散性较强,平面上呈中部高、东西部低的主体分布特征,纵向上随深度增加而增大;埋藏深度是导致地应力纵向上分布差异的主要因素,三个主应力随埋深呈线性增加,主体区域的应力关系表现为水平最大主应力>垂向主应力>水平最小主应力,属于走滑断层应力状态;不同岩性层间的水平应力及方向变化,由灰岩、粉砂岩到页岩,应力总体上呈减小趋势;边界断裂的影响是地应力平面上分布差异的主要成因,造成地应力降低及最大水平主应力趋于平行断层走向的偏转,地应力降低与偏转幅度主要受断裂距离控制。该结果可为宜昌地区水井沱组页岩气藏后续勘探部署及压裂施工方案设计提供依据。

陆路交通工程数字化工程地质调绘系统关键技术研究与应用

在工程地质调绘中引入室内外协同作业法,并根据“室内虚拟地调—室外调绘核查—室内资料整理”三步走的标准业务流程,基于GIS平台开发适用于前述方法的网页端、桌面端、移动端与服务器端应用系统,研究多数据融合、区域地质图剖切、数字化产状量测、数字化采集模板配置与多端数据协同技术,革新地质调绘作业模式并提升成果质量。归纳了数字化调绘流程标准、数字化调绘技术要求标准与调绘成果标准,并在宜涪铁路得到了良好的工程验证。总结发现,室内外协同作业模式能适当减少室外工作量,提升工程地质调绘的效率与质量;室内虚拟地质调绘能合理利用丰富的数据,扩展地质调绘的宏观视角与成果的连续性;独立配置的地质调绘模板,保证了室内外地质调绘体验的一致性与数据的传承性,降低了软件系统的维护难度。