In order to provide scientific basis for rational fertilization of maize under different soil quality and fertility,the effect of combined application of NPK on yield and fertilizer effect of different maize varieties...In order to provide scientific basis for rational fertilization of maize under different soil quality and fertility,the effect of combined application of NPK on yield and fertilizer effect of different maize varieties was studied by using "3414" experimental design scheme in this paper. The results showed that there were significant differences in ear length,ear diameter,barren ear tip length,kernel number per spike,kernel weight and yield among different fertilization treatments. Fertilization can improve the agronomic characters of maize and increase the yield.The yield increase of maize in two experimental plots( MHQ and HZY) was 11. 0%-64. 3% and 0. 2%-61. 9%,respectively. There was obvious interaction effect among nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,the yield of maize was the highest at the level of medium nitrogen,medium phosphorus and medium potassium fertilization,and the fertilizer effect was in the order of N > P_2O_5> K_2O. The results of curve fitting showed that the recommended application rates of N,P2_O_5 and K_2O in MHQ plot were 373. 7,74. 8 and 79. 9 kg/ha,respectively; the recommended application rates of N,P_2O_5 and K_2O in HZY plot were 419. 7,75 and 75 kg/ha,respectively.展开更多
【目的】定量中国不同农业生态区和不同产量水平条件下的玉米百千克籽粒地上部吸氮量(N_(100)),分析气候、土壤、品种和施肥因素对玉米N_(100)的影响,为确定合理施氮量提供科学依据。【方法】将中国分为东北、西北、华北平原、长江中下...【目的】定量中国不同农业生态区和不同产量水平条件下的玉米百千克籽粒地上部吸氮量(N_(100)),分析气候、土壤、品种和施肥因素对玉米N_(100)的影响,为确定合理施氮量提供科学依据。【方法】将中国分为东北、西北、华北平原、长江中下游平原、西南和东南6大农作区,搜集1980—2022年发表的349篇符合要求的文献,通过数据统计分析不同区域和不同产量水平条件下的玉米N_(100),并分析采用统一和区域化的N_(100)计算出的理论施氮量差异,采用皮尔逊相关系数(pearson correlation coefficient)、随机森林(random forest)模型和整合分析(Meta-analysis)方法分析气候、土壤和施肥因素对玉米N_(100)的影响,揭示导致中国玉米N_(100)空间差异的原因。【结果】优化处理条件下,中国春玉米N_(100)显著低于夏玉米,分别为2.21和2.46;不同农业生态区玉米N_(100)存在显著差异,分别为2.19(东北春玉米)、2.12(西北春玉米)、2.54(西北夏玉米)、2.45(华北夏玉米)、2.77(长江中下游春玉米)、2.38(长江中下游夏玉米)和2.39(西南玉米区)。依据本研究全国玉米平均N_(100)(2.34)计算的理论施氮量与采用区域化的N_(100)计算得到的理论施氮量相差-22—31 kg N·hm^(-2)。地上部吸氮量、产量、年均气温是影响玉米N_(100)的最重要因素;N_(100)随产量增加呈显著二次曲线降低的趋势(P<0.01),籽粒产量可以很好地预测N_(100);品种显著影响玉米N_(100),中国常见的玉米品种郑单958、先玉335和登海605的N_(100)分别为2.42、2.12和2.39,新品种玉米N_(100)显著低于老品种。施用氮肥显著增加了玉米N_(100),且在施氮量200—300 kg N·hm^(-2)时,施氮肥引起的N_(100)增加效应最大。单施缓控释肥、深施氮肥、减少氮肥基施比例以及增加施氮次数均显著增加了玉米N_(100)。【结论】在利用N_(100)进行合理施氮量计算时,需要考虑不同农业生态区N_(100)的显著差异,以得到更加准确的推荐施氮量,玉米N_(100)的驱动因素主要为作物地上部吸氮量、产量和年均气温的变异。展开更多
基金Supported by Key Project of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Plan (2015FA022)Public Welfare Industry Special Scientific Research (201103003)
文摘In order to provide scientific basis for rational fertilization of maize under different soil quality and fertility,the effect of combined application of NPK on yield and fertilizer effect of different maize varieties was studied by using "3414" experimental design scheme in this paper. The results showed that there were significant differences in ear length,ear diameter,barren ear tip length,kernel number per spike,kernel weight and yield among different fertilization treatments. Fertilization can improve the agronomic characters of maize and increase the yield.The yield increase of maize in two experimental plots( MHQ and HZY) was 11. 0%-64. 3% and 0. 2%-61. 9%,respectively. There was obvious interaction effect among nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers,the yield of maize was the highest at the level of medium nitrogen,medium phosphorus and medium potassium fertilization,and the fertilizer effect was in the order of N > P_2O_5> K_2O. The results of curve fitting showed that the recommended application rates of N,P2_O_5 and K_2O in MHQ plot were 373. 7,74. 8 and 79. 9 kg/ha,respectively; the recommended application rates of N,P_2O_5 and K_2O in HZY plot were 419. 7,75 and 75 kg/ha,respectively.
文摘【目的】定量中国不同农业生态区和不同产量水平条件下的玉米百千克籽粒地上部吸氮量(N_(100)),分析气候、土壤、品种和施肥因素对玉米N_(100)的影响,为确定合理施氮量提供科学依据。【方法】将中国分为东北、西北、华北平原、长江中下游平原、西南和东南6大农作区,搜集1980—2022年发表的349篇符合要求的文献,通过数据统计分析不同区域和不同产量水平条件下的玉米N_(100),并分析采用统一和区域化的N_(100)计算出的理论施氮量差异,采用皮尔逊相关系数(pearson correlation coefficient)、随机森林(random forest)模型和整合分析(Meta-analysis)方法分析气候、土壤和施肥因素对玉米N_(100)的影响,揭示导致中国玉米N_(100)空间差异的原因。【结果】优化处理条件下,中国春玉米N_(100)显著低于夏玉米,分别为2.21和2.46;不同农业生态区玉米N_(100)存在显著差异,分别为2.19(东北春玉米)、2.12(西北春玉米)、2.54(西北夏玉米)、2.45(华北夏玉米)、2.77(长江中下游春玉米)、2.38(长江中下游夏玉米)和2.39(西南玉米区)。依据本研究全国玉米平均N_(100)(2.34)计算的理论施氮量与采用区域化的N_(100)计算得到的理论施氮量相差-22—31 kg N·hm^(-2)。地上部吸氮量、产量、年均气温是影响玉米N_(100)的最重要因素;N_(100)随产量增加呈显著二次曲线降低的趋势(P<0.01),籽粒产量可以很好地预测N_(100);品种显著影响玉米N_(100),中国常见的玉米品种郑单958、先玉335和登海605的N_(100)分别为2.42、2.12和2.39,新品种玉米N_(100)显著低于老品种。施用氮肥显著增加了玉米N_(100),且在施氮量200—300 kg N·hm^(-2)时,施氮肥引起的N_(100)增加效应最大。单施缓控释肥、深施氮肥、减少氮肥基施比例以及增加施氮次数均显著增加了玉米N_(100)。【结论】在利用N_(100)进行合理施氮量计算时,需要考虑不同农业生态区N_(100)的显著差异,以得到更加准确的推荐施氮量,玉米N_(100)的驱动因素主要为作物地上部吸氮量、产量和年均气温的变异。
