Genetic background analysis and breed evaluation of Yiling yellow cattle

Traditionally, Chinese indigenous cattle is geographically widespread. The present study analyzed based on genome-wide variants to evaluate the genetic background among 157 individuals from four representative indigenous cattle breeds of Hubei Province of China： Yiling yellow cattle （YL）, Bashan cattle （BS）, Wuling cattle （WL）, Zaobei cattle （ZB）, and 21 indi- viduals of Qinchuan cattle （QC） from the nearby Shanxi Province of China. Linkage disequilibrium （LD） analysis showed the LD of YL was the lowest （~=0.32） when the distance between markers was approximately 2 kb. Principle component analysis （PCA）, and neighbor-joining （NJ）-tree revealed a separation of Yiling yellow cattle from other geographic nearby local cattle breeds. In PCA plot, the YL and QC groups were segregated as expected; moreover, YL individuals clustered together more obviously. In the N J-tree, the YL group formed an independent branch and BS, WL, ZB groups were mixed. We then used the FST statistic approach to reveal long-term selection sweep of YL and other 4 cattle breeds. According to the selective sweep, we identified the unique pathways of YL, associated with production traits. Based on the results, it can be proposed that YL has its unique genetic characteristics of excellence resource, and it is an indispensable cattle breed in China.

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Pine Wood Nematodes in Yiling District Based on GIS

[Objectives]This study was conducted to accurately understand the spatial distribution of the outbreak of pine wood nematode disease,explore its spatial laws,and provide a more scientific and efficient analysis and decision-making basis for the prevention and management of pine wood nematode disease.[Methods]Taking the GIS management of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus tree felling in Yiling District as an example,the spatial positions of epidemic wood in the two years from 2019 to 2020 were collected.The spatial data management function of ArcGIS software was used to collect point and surface layers.Spatial information maps were drawn by spatial visualization,trend surface,spatial autocorrelation,nearest neighbor distance index and spatial-temporal clustering analysis of kernel density,so as to intuitively understand the evolution of spatial pattern trend of pine wood nematode disease,and to explain the variation raw and diffusion characteristics of pine wood nematode disease.[Results](1)Under the control measures,the affected pine forests and epidemic sites(subcompartments)decreased in the following year,the spread of the epidemic was still spreading,which was spreading from the central to the western and northern regions.The distribution of the plane epidemic sites was sparse from high concentration.The new epidemic sites occurred in a jump,and the number of affected pine trees was high.The outbreak was concentrated in a certain area,and the risk was high.The natural transmission and diffusion would coexist for a long time.(2)The epidemic trend of pine nematode in the two years was in the east and west,with a high value in the east,and the trend line was almost straight line.The outbreak of pine nematode showed cone-shaped central point aggregation and spread.(3)The spatial and temporal clustering characteristics of the epidemic show spatial clustering in the overall pattern,high clustering of pine victims caused by the spread of the epidemic source and clustering distribution pattern of epidemic points.(4)In the two years,the damaged pine trees were searched within the range of 5 km by using the distance threshold.The kernel density maps showed that the damaged pine trees in 2019 were more serious than those in 2020.The result of density map was consistent with the nearest neighbor distance index,and the damaged pine forests were mainly concentrated.(5)The epidemic situation of B.xylophilus disease in this region has a certain number of epidemic sites and a wide distribution area,the epidemic situation is difficult to eradicate in a short time.On the comprehensive measures,we should increase the clearing of epidemic trees,block the spread of the epidemic situation in the new areas,reduce the epidemic sites,regulate the density of pine trees by forest management,reduce the density of Monochamus alternatus and establish a broad-leaved forest ecosystem.[Conclusions]The study provides assistive technology support for the prevention and control of pine wood nematode disease.

World Integrated Medicine Master Wu Yiling

INTRODUCTION OF WU YILING Academician Wu Yiling (1949-), is the doctoral supervisor and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He is also the chief physician, professor, chief scientist of the National 973 Plan, supervisor of Post-doctoral Researcher Center of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security with special government allowances of the State Council, member of the National Committee of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, executive director of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine, vice president of Hebei Association of Integrative Medicine, Editor in Chief of World Journal of Integrated traditional and Western Medicine and associate editor of Hebei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine ,Editor in Chief of Chinese Journal of Difficult and Complicated Cases.

Yiling District,Pearl of the Three Gorges Area

YLING District of Yichang City, Hubei Province, near the Yangtze liver Xiling Gorge, marks the midway spot between the river’s upper and middle reaches. It is site of the Gezhouba Dam and the Three Gorges Project dam, and has consequently been dubbed gate to the Three Gorges. With a territory of 3,424 square kilometers, Yiling is the largest and most populous district of Yichang City.Urban construction-The district has invested one billion yuan in urban construction which has expanded the urban area to 8 square kilometers. The local infrastructure, transportation and environment have also been upgraded.