扶阳健脾汤-滋阴养胃汤顺势给药和逆势给药对健康大鼠生理指标的影响

目的通过顺势和逆势给药大鼠扶阳健脾汤和滋阴养胃汤的研究来进一步验证中医阴阳分药分时服用方剂学理论,以及评价扶阳健脾汤和滋阴养胃汤的亚急性毒性。方法选取无特定病原体级SD大鼠48只,雌雄各半,按性别、体质量(空腹)排序,采用计算机随机法分为顺势饲喂组、逆势饲喂组、阴阳合药饲喂组和对照组,每组12只。对顺势饲喂组大鼠早上给予滋阴养胃汤颗粒制剂溶液,下午给予扶阳健脾汤颗粒制剂溶液灌胃,逆势饲喂组大鼠给药顺序与顺势饲喂组相反;阴阳合药饲喂组大鼠给予扶阳健脾汤和滋阴养胃汤合药颗粒制剂混合溶液灌胃,分早晚两次给药;给予对照组早晚灌胃等量超纯水,四组大鼠均每周给药5 d,共给药7周。分别于饲喂第1天、第10天、第20天、第30天、第45天时观察各级大鼠的皮肤毛发、行为状态、兴奋程度、激怒反应、睡眠状态、大便状态。分别于饲喂后第1周、第3周、第5周、第7周的周一、三、五测定大鼠采食量和体质量,饲喂7周后检测大鼠血液常规和血生化指标,计算脏器系数。结果饲喂第3周、第5周、第7周,顺势饲喂组日均采食量明显低于对照组;饲喂第5周、第7周,逆势饲喂组体质量明显高于对照组;饲喂7周后,顺势饲喂组和逆势饲喂组的心脏脏器系数明显低于对照组,而顺势饲喂组的脾脏脏器系数明显高于对照组;顺势饲喂组单核细胞计数明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组和阴阳合药饲喂组的甘油三酯明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组的血清总胆固醇明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组、逆势饲喂组、阴阳合药饲喂组的空腹血糖明显低于对照组,顺势饲喂组、逆势饲喂组、阴阳合药饲喂组的肌酐明显高于对照组;顺势饲喂组和阴阳合药饲喂组的白蛋白明显高于对照组。结论顺势给药、逆势给药、混合给药可引起大鼠空腹血糖降低,肌酐增高;此外,顺势给药还可引起大鼠心脏脏器系数、单核细胞计数、甘油三酯、总胆固醇降低,脾脏脏器系数、白蛋白增高,表明顺势给药会促进大鼠的气血运行,有利于减少食物的摄入以及促进大鼠代谢体内的碳水化合物和蛋白质的代谢,从而进一步验证了中医阴阳分药分时服用方剂学理论。

Image Mathematics—Mathematical Intervening Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Mathematics (I)

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” (抑强扶弱) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in image mathematics of Traditional Chinese Mathematics (TCMath). We defined generalized relations and generalized reasoning, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the intervention principle in image mathematics of TCMath and treated the research object of the image mathematics as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the mathematical intervening principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined two kinds of opposite relations and one kind of equivalence relation, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (II)

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Acupuncture Treating Dystrophy Based on pH <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (III)

Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Searching for a root cause of disease in cure, treatment of both the root-cause and symptoms at the same time” (治病求本, 标本兼治). It means that for a human body, there is the mathematical structure of both Zangxiang and Jingluo as her/his second physiological system. It can be used to determine both the root-cause and symptoms of the sick organ by using both Zangxiang and Jingluo. In general, for the human blood pH value, the normal range of theory is [7.34539, 7.45461] nearly to [7.35, 7.45], and the center is 7.4. The first or second transfer law of a human body’s energies changes according to the different blood pH values whether in the normal range or not. Human disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.

Acupuncture Treating Heart Disease Based on Eight Palaces or Eight Veins <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (IV)

Theory of eight palaces (八宫) or eight veins (八脉) is useful in understanding the basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the root-cause. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Even if all changed, it is hard to change one’s nature” (江山易改, 本性难移). The eight palaces or eight veins can be used to diagnose basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the root-cause. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of the eight palaces or eight veins according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not, respectively, assuming that the range of blood pH value is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. A disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as a congenital heart disease.

Acupuncture Treating Heart Diseases Based on Sixty JiaZi and Eight Palaces <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (V)

Theory of Sixty JiaZi (60 甲子) is useful in understanding a human body disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “seize the momentum of development, hasten lucky avoids disaster” (顺势而为, 趋吉避凶). Sixty JiaZi is hidden behind eight palaces. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of Sixty JiaZi changes according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not, respectively, assuming that the range of blood pH values of a human body is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. The treating disease of a human body should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as congenital heart disease.

Assessment of Ankylosing Spondylitis Based on the Theory of Yin and Yang in Traditional Chinese Medicine

The theory of yin and yang in Chinese medicine signifies everything and can be used to divide everything in the world.The diagnosis and assessment of ankylosing spondylitis in Western medicine can also be divided by yin and yang.The current technologies used in Western medicine for detecting ankylosing spondylitis is summarized,divided,and reasoned with the philosophical views of yin and yang in traditional Chinese medicine.

黑顺片-大黄对药顺势给药和逆势给药对健康大鼠生理指标的影响

目的依据中医药的阴阳药性,探讨黑顺片-大黄对药顺势给药和逆势给药对健康大鼠生理指标的影响。方法选取无特定病原体级SD大鼠48只,随机分为顺势饲喂组、逆势饲喂组、混合饲喂组、对照组,每组12只,雌雄各半。对顺势饲喂组早上给予大黄中药配方颗粒溶液灌胃,下午给予黑顺片中药配方颗粒溶液灌胃;逆势饲喂组给药顺序与顺势饲喂组相反;给予混合饲喂组黑顺片中药配方颗粒和大黄中药配方颗粒混合溶液灌胃,分早晚两次给药;给予对照组早晚灌胃等量超纯水。4组均每周给药5 d,共给药6周。分别于饲喂第1天、第10天、第20天、第30天、第45天(给药6周后再观察3 d)时观察各组大鼠的皮肤毛发、行为状态、兴奋程度、激怒反应、睡眠状态、大便状态。分别于开始饲喂后第2周、第4周、第6周的周一、周三、周五测定大鼠的采食量和体重,饲喂第45天检测大鼠血液常规和血生化指标,计算脏器系数。结果实验期间,各组大鼠的皮肤毛发、行为状态、兴奋程度、激怒反应、睡眠状态、大便状态均未见明显改变。4组大鼠在各个阶段的日均采食量差异均无统计学意义,饲喂第2周、第4周,4组大鼠体重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。饲喂第6周,顺势饲喂组、混合饲喂组雌性大鼠的体重低于逆势饲喂组,而混合饲喂组、逆势饲喂组和顺势饲喂组雄性大鼠体重高于对照组(P<0.05)。饲喂第45天,4组雌性、雄性大鼠心、肝、肺、肾、胃脏器系数,白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、淋巴细胞计数、红细胞计数,以及血红蛋白、碱性磷酸酶、三酰甘油、尿素、空腹血糖、白蛋白、AST水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);逆势饲喂组雌性大鼠脾脏脏器系数高于对照组,顺势饲喂组和混合饲喂组雌性大鼠的单核细胞计数和嗜酸性粒细胞计数高于对照组,顺势饲喂组和混合饲喂组雄性大鼠的嗜酸性粒细胞计数低于对照组,混合饲喂组雄性大鼠血清总胆固醇水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论逆势给药可引起大鼠脾脏淤血,混合给药可引起大鼠血清总胆固醇水平升高,两者均可影响大鼠的体重,存在一定弊端,而顺势给药可以提高大鼠免疫系统的活力。

气机升降理论内涵及不寐病辨证分型探讨

气机升降理论是“汉派李氏脑病流派”辨治不寐病的核心理论思想,基于气机升降理论将不寐病分为升降太过和升降不及两大类,根据气机运行的部位、气的多少、气机升降出入的不同形式将不寐病分为营卫不和型、脏腑气机失调型、阴阳不交型三大类型;每一类型又有各自不同亚型,共有卫阳虚不敛营阴证、卫气盛夜不入营阴证、卫气入于阴而日不得出于阳证、肝胆气机疏泄失调证、心肾气机上下相济失调证、脾升胃降枢机失调证、阳不入阴证、阳盛阴虚证、阴不潜阳证九种亚型,并表现出各自独有的临床特征。基于气机升降理论的辨证分型法补充完善了现阶段不寐病辨证分型类别,为临床诊治不寐病开拓了新思路。

从“阳化气,阴成形”探讨慢性咳嗽之因机证治

慢性咳嗽是以咳嗽为主症或唯一症状、病程持续8周以上的呼吸系统疾病。慢性咳嗽病因复杂,病程较长,病势缠绵,且极易复发。西医诊断该病过程繁琐,治疗手段有限,而中医药以整体观念和辨证论治思想为指导,在缓解临床症状、预防疾病复发方面具有独特优势。该文以“阳化气,阴成形”为抓手,分析阴阳在慢性咳嗽因机证治全周期的重要意义,认为慢性咳嗽之病机关键为“阳化气,阴成形”功能失衡,以肺之气血失和、阴阳虚损为本,阳化而气行不畅、周流有碍,阴变而凝结停滞、壅塞肺络为标。治疗上,需要补肺、脾、肾阴阳之不足,泄气滞、水湿、痰饮、瘀血、热毒之有余,以恢复“阳化气,阴成形”之平衡。具体用药方面,主张以偏纠偏,以药物气味之偏性纠正人体阴阳之偏颇。另附典型医案二例,加以验证说明,以期为中医药防治慢性咳嗽提供新的诊疗思路和方法。

万物负阴而抱阳——老子母性论思想论析

健全的人性系统应包括自然性(个体性)、社会性(父性)与母性三个维度。但历史上人们往往更多地关注了人的社会性与自然性,而一定程度上忽视了人性的母性维度。老子针对父权制社会的种种弊端,提出“万物负阴而抱阳”的母性论命题,意在重建人心的秩序。然而,老子母性论并非仅在话语的表层区分于父权,而在于彰显母性“大爱”的品格,其既不同于儒家的仁爱与墨家的兼爱,也不同于基督教背景下的博爱。老子母性论有三个思想特质:一是母性是人对自身的完全舍弃与对存在的绝对给予;二是母性在人与社会的发展中起着根本性的奠基作用;三是母性意味着个体对于家国共同体的认同和归属。研究老子母性论的意义在于探讨人心的现代性问题。真正意义上的社会的现代化发展应体现在社会制度与人心两个层面上,后者则是现代性的真正实现。

基于“中医阴阳学说”探讨反应性星型胶质细胞A1/A2表型与阿尔茨海默病的关系

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,主要临床表现为认知和记忆障碍,发病机制异常复杂,涉及多种因素,防治不当,将给家庭和社会带来巨大负担。星形胶质细胞(AS)是中枢神经系统(CNS)中最丰富的一类神经胶质细胞,在AD的发生发展中扮演重要角色。在CNS受损后,AS被激活并改变其细胞特性,形成反应性星形胶质细胞(RAs),其表型可变为A1型AS(A1S)与A2型AS(A2S),两者在功能上分别表现为神经毒性与神经保护性。中医阴阳学说贯穿中医学的各个方面,用以解释人体生理和病理的变化,以及指导疾病的诊断、治疗和保健。A1S与A2S在功能上表现出双重特性,与中医阴阳学说有相似之处。因此,通过“抑阳扶阴”的方式,调整机体的“阴阳”平衡,有望抑制A1S的“阳性”作用,促进A2S的“阴性”作用,从而达到预防和治疗AD的目的。将中医阴阳学说与西医学相结合,不但有助于丰富中医阴阳理论的现代内涵,而且通过中医阴阳学说解读AS表型的变化,为中医药在防治AD方面提供新的靶点和思路。

中药调控自噬干预高血压肾病研究进展

肾脏是高血压并发症的重要靶器官之一,临床上高血压肾病患者的血压常常难以控制、病情迁延不愈,严重危害患者的生命质量。自噬是维持细胞稳态的机制之一,是高度分化细胞的一种自我清理方式,以清除不必要的蛋白质等细胞内成分,自噬过度及自噬抑制均会导致不同程度的细胞损伤。自噬在高血压肾病中的发病机制,主要涉及足细胞、内皮细胞等的自噬水平,以及中药通过影响自噬水平以治疗高血压肾病。

王珂名老中医基于“天癸理论”论治痤疮经验

痤疮是一种较常见且易反复发作的皮肤病,王珂教授对治疗痤疮有其独到的认识和治疗经验,提出对痤疮病机认识应从“天癸理论”出发,结合后天脾胃易损,认为天癸失衡,肾中阴阳失调是痤疮产生的内在因素;后天脾胃易损、冲任二脉失司、脾虚生湿、湿郁化热、阻滞局部导致发病;病后气机不畅,痰瘀阻络,瘢痕色素形成。在治疗上以补天癸,调阴阳治其根,清热利湿、调和局部气血除其标,提倡固本兼除标,临床中常用滋肾、清热、凉血、行气之法治之,常收良效。

基于自噬调控探讨平衡阴阳治疗慢性肾脏病理论创新和临床实践

慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)是由各种原因引起的以肾脏结构损害和功能障碍为主要表现的慢性疾病,其进展呈进行性、不可逆性。自噬是清除衰老细胞和受损的胞质蛋白的自稳机制,自噬失调则会加速肾脏病的进展,这与中医阴阳平衡理论有着相似的内涵。因此,自噬可能是CKD中阴阳平衡的微观基础。CKD初期,自噬水平尚稳定,宜选方用药遵循调和;中后期肾中自噬水平异常,络脉不和,当调和肾络、心肾平调。当前研究已证实一些中药成分及复方制剂可以通过调节自噬保护肾脏,自噬不足时,当“益火之源”,选用性味辛温、苦寒的温阳益气、活血泄浊之品提升自噬水平、加快代谢效率,维持细胞更新与凋亡的平衡;自噬过度时,应“壮水之主”,选用酸甘、苦咸之品等益肾填精、补血祛瘀之品降低自噬水平,通过“滋补”或“去瘀生新”的方式避免细胞凋亡与损伤,从而延缓CKD进展。

小胶质细胞活化在脊髓损伤中的中医研究进展

脊髓损伤(SCI)是脊柱骨科常见的严重的中枢神经系统疾患,其发病机制复杂,发病率呈上升趋势,迄今为止,临床上尚未形成具体的诊疗方案。阴阳失衡是脊髓损伤发生发展的基础。脊髓损伤发生后,小胶质细胞受到刺激,通过经典激活状态和替代激活状态,极化为M1、M2小胶质细胞,这两种不同的状态在脊髓损伤过程中发挥不同的作用,与中医阴阳学说中的阴阳平衡、相互对立相对应。研究表明,小胶质细胞不仅在神经元的营养和维护中发挥重要作用,同时在脊髓损伤后的修复和再生中也起着举足轻重的作用。因此,治疗脊髓损伤应以此为依据,调整脊髓内环境,达到阴阳平衡状态,进而促进脊髓神经修复。本文从中医阴阳理论出发,探讨小胶质细胞在脊髓损伤后炎症反应中的作用,为临床中医治疗SCI提供理论依据。

基于气味厚薄理论探析黄连减轻神经炎症的中医机制

神经炎症几乎发生在所有中枢神经系统疾病的进展过程中,随着临床实践及科学研究的深入,发现黄连及以黄连为主要组成的中药复方对减轻神经炎症、改善疾病预后均有较好效果。基于对“气味厚薄”理论内容的梳理,阐明黄连具有“大苦大寒,味厚气薄”的作用特点,并论述黄连功效与神经炎症中医病机之间的关联,以及黄连通过清心、厚肠、坚肾阴3个方面起到减轻神经炎症的作用机制。

隐喻网络编织中医理论体系--基于《黄帝内经》多元隐喻系统的综合考察

中医隐喻思维具有多元性特征,体现为两大隐喻网络之间的彼此勾连,纵横交错,构建中医理论体系,指导中医辨证施治,共同编织一个多元化中医隐喻网络。实体隐喻能够基本构建中医理论体系,但面对复杂多变的生理病理问题时存在思维缺陷,难以自圆其说,使中医理论陷入窘境。本文提出过程隐喻理论以弥补实体隐喻之不足,以全新的方式解释阴阳五行学说和中医话语,以期为中医摆脱"伪科学"指控提供语言学理论支持。

从《伤寒论》少阴篇讨论阳虚阴盛证辨治规律

[目的]讨论《伤寒论》中阳虚阴盛证的病势、层次、治法及用药规律,探究并扩充阳虚阴盛证的辨治规律及临床意义。[方法]结合后世医家的医论,明确阳虚阴盛证的病机及证候;从病理生理学角度,阐释阳虚阴盛证的机制;分析少阴篇中各版本条文的差异,论述病位、邪气性质、胃气、津液的不同,治法、主方、配伍的变化,归纳在少阴篇中隐含的辨治规律。[结果]阳虚阴盛证的辨治原则是“保胃气、存津液”,可将其细分为太阴湿土病、少阴君火病、厥阴风木病。细致的望闻问切,并结合现代医学的病理生理基础能精确辨阳虚阴盛证。少阴为三阴枢机,少阴篇结构完整,能动态反映少阴发病、两阴合病或并病、三阴合病的相互变化过程。由条文可发现,病位由表入里,治法有灸焫、温经、温阳、通阳之别;病情由轻而重、痰饮有无,治法有散寒、散饮、利水之别;津液损伤程度不同,治法有救逆、救阴之别。[结论]从病理生理角度,能阐释中医主症的变化机制。辨治阳虚阴盛证时,应根据病位、邪气性质、胃气、津液择取方药,阳虚阴盛证的辨治规律对于其他证候的辨治同样具有指导意义。