Evaluation of the Effect and Efficiency of Ear Tip Bloodletting Combined with Xianfang Huoming Yin in the Treatment of Early-Stage Wheals

Objective:To evaluate the effect and efficiency of ear tip bloodletting combined with Xianfang Huoming Yin(XFH)in the treatment of early-stage wheals.Methods:70 patients with early-stage wheals admitted from September 2020 to September 2022 were divided into two groups by randomized numerical table method,with 35 cases/group.Both groups received conventional treatment,the control group combined with XFH,and the observation group combined with ear tip bloodletting therapy and XFH.Conscious symptom scores,ocular indexes,therapeutic effects,and sleep quality between the two groups were compared.Results:After the treatment,the patients in the observation group had lower self-awareness symptom scores and sleep quality scores as compared to those in the control group;the diameter of the mass in the observation group was smaller than that of the control group after treatment;the average tear film rupture time and the time taken for the first non-contact tear film to rupture were longer in the observation group than those in the control group;the total effective rate of the treatment in the observation group was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Ear tip bloodletting combined with XFH was ideal for the treatment of early-stage wheals and has a high effective rate.

Clinical Study on the Effectiveness of Xian Fang Huo Ming Yin for Treating Cutaneous Infections and Promoting Wound Healing in Patients with Perianal Abscess

Objective:To explore the effect of the Xian Fang Huo Ming Yin(XFHM)for treating cutaneous infections and promoting wound healing in patients with perianal abscesses.Methods:Sixty-one patients with perianal abscesses who were admitted to our hospital(Xinghua City People’s Hospital)from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,a control group(30 cases)and a study group(31 cases).Both groups received surgical treatment.The control group received conventional treatment and warm water fumigation,sitz bath,and surgical dressing change after surgery,while the research group received XFHM based on the control group.XFHM was taken orally and replaced with warm water for fumigation and sitz bathing.Both groups received treatment for 4 weeks but discontinued sitz bathing after 2 weeks.Various clinical indicators between the two groups were compared.Results:The total clinical effective rate and wound recovery rate of the study group were higher than that of the control group.There were differences in the wound pain scores,surrounding tissue edema,and wound secretions at different time points.Both groups experienced wound pain.The scores of wound pain,surrounding tissue edema,and wound secretions of the study group were lower than those of the control group,7 and 14 days after surgery.The serum interleukin 6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α)levels,and pH values of the study group were lower than those of the control group 10 days after surgery(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of XFHM for treating cutaneous infections and promoting wound healing in patients with perianal abscesses improved the treatment outcome,alleviated clinical symptoms,and promoted healing.

Effects of Nourishing “Yin”-Removing “Fire” Chinese Herb Mixture on the Differential Expression of GABA_AReceptor <i>α</i>Subunits in Hypothalamus of Precocious Puberty Female Rats

GABAergic input to Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons is necessary to initiate the onset of puberty and its action mainly depends on GABAA receptor of which the subunit composition, properties and consequently function varies during this period. Nourishing “Yin”-Removing “Fire” Chinese herb mixture, a Chinese herb-based formulation, has been proved that it may retard the initiation of pubertal development in female precocious puberty rats. Our objective is to investigate the effects of Nourishing “Yin”-Removing “Fire” Chinese herb mixture on the expression of GABAA receptor α subunits in hypothalamus. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal (N), precocious puberty model (M) induced by danazol, model exposed to saline (MS) and model exposed to Chinese herb mixture (CHM) groups. All rats were administered by the Chinese herb mixture from P15 on. Coefficients of reproductive organs and serum gonadotropins and estradiol levels in M were significantly enhanced while they were significantly decreased in CHM. The hypothalamic GnRH mRNA was also significantly increased in M and in CHM, as well as ERα mRNA. At the mean time, the hypothalamic GABAA receptor α1 and α3 subunits mRNA were more significantly decreased in M than those of N, while they were more significantly enhanced in CHM than those in M (p 0.01), the protein expression of which in hypothalamus had the same trend as the mRNA expression. The evidence suggests that Nourishing “Yin”-Removing “Fire” Chinese herb mixture could significantly retard the sexual development of the precocious rats, and up-regulate the expressions of hypothalamic GABAA receptor α1 and α3 subunits. Our result indicated that GABAA receptor α1 and α3 subunits might involve in the effective treatment of herb mixture on idiopathic precocious puberty.

TianmaGouteng yin attenuates ischemic stroke-induced brain injury by inhibiting the AGE/RAGE pathway

Background:Ischemic stroke is characterized by permanent or transient obstruction of blood flow,leading to a growing risk factor and health burden.Tianmagouteng yin(TMG)is commonly used in Chinese medicine to treat cerebral ischemia.The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of TMG against ischemic stroke.Methods:Either permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(pMCAO)or sham operation was performed on anesthetized Wistar male rats(n=36).Results:Results demonstrated that TMG administration reduced the infarction volume and mitigated the neurobehavioral deficits.Hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining and Prussian blue staining revealed that TMG attenuated tissue disruption and microbleeds in hippocampus tissues.In addition,TMG down-regulated the receptor of advanced glycation end products(RAGE)and p-JAK2.It also inhibited the concentrations of advanced glycation end products(AGEs),ferritin,malondialdehyde(MDA),and reactive oxygen species(ROS).Conclusion:As repetitive clinical trials of neuroprotectants targeting stroke have failed previously,our results suggested that the natural product,TMG,can probably help in the vicious cycles of ischemic stroke pathology.

Continuity and Change in Dao Yin:Comparing and Contrasting the Therapeutic Exercises in Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling,c.2nd Century BCE)and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases,610 CE)

The manuscript Yin Shu(The Book of Pulling),excavated from Zhangjiashan Han Tomb No.247,is the earliest surviving text on therapeutic exercise known as Dao Yin(lit.guiding and pulling).Discovered in 1983,this Dao Yin text,together with the drawings of 44 figures performing“guiding and pulling”exercises found in the Mawangdui Han Tomb in 1974,are of great significance to the study of the early history of Dao Yin.Prior to these discoveries,researchers into Dao Yin relied mainly on material found in the Dao Zang(the Daoist Canon),compiled in 1145.This led to their conclusion that Dao Yin was essentially Daoist.The development of Dao Yin reached its zenith during the Sui Dynasty(581–618 CE),when it became one of the three medical departments at the imperial medical education institution.As part of the medical reform of the second Sui Emperor,Yang Di,Dao Yin became the treatment of choice,and the employment of a large number of Dao Yin specialists to the Sui court transformed the state medical service.The compilation of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun(Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases)under Yang Di’s decree,incorporated an abundance of resources on Dao Yin,enabling physicians to potentially“prescribe”Dao Yin to their patients.Situating both Yin Shu and Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun in their social and historical contexts,this article analyses their editorial treatments,examines their different objectives,styles,and readerships,and compares the various exercises described in the two texts.It emphasizes the fact that over a period of nearly a thousand years,from the late Warring States(475–221 BCE)to the Sui and Tang periods,Dao Yin was an important medical practice,culminating in its institutionalization by the Sui government.

Differential Effects of Yin- and Yang-Chinese Tonifying Herbs on Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The present study investigated the effect of treatment with methanolic extracts of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on concanavalin A (Con A)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation (adaptive immunity) and natural killer (NK) cell activity (innate immunity) in an ex vivo mouse model. The results indicated that while treatment with most Yin herbal extracts potentiated the Con A/LPS-stimulated splenocyte proliferation, only Yang (but not Yin) herbal extracts stimulated NK cell activity. The differential effects of Yin- and Yang-Chinese tonifying herbs on innate and adaptive immunity are consistent with the Chinese medicine theory which depicts the Yin and Yang functional components of Zheng Qi (vital energy), with the Yang component being responsible for the first line of defense against invading microorganisms (i.e., innate immunity) and the Yin oner serving as a follow-up defensive response (adaptive immunity).

自拟降火滋阴方配合醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗女童中枢性性早熟临床研究

目的探讨自拟降火滋阴方配合醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗女童中枢性性早熟的临床疗效。方法选取86例中枢性性早熟女童,将其随机分为对照组和试验组,每组43例。对照组予以醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗,试验组予以自拟降火滋阴方配合醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗。治疗6个月后,比较2组治疗总有效率,子宫容积、最大卵泡直径、卵巢容积等超声检查指标,以及黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、雌二醇(estradiol,E 2)、卵泡刺激素(follicle-stimulating hormone,FSH)等血清性激素水平。结果治疗后,试验组总有效率为90.70%,对照组为72.09%;组间比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组子宫容积、最大卵泡直径、卵巢容积均较治疗前降低(P均<0.05),且试验组上述超声指标明显小于对照组(P均<0.05)。2组血清LH、E 2、FSH水平均较治疗前下降(P均<0.05),且试验组上述血清性激素水平明显低于对照组(P均<0.05)。结论自拟降火滋阴方配合醋酸亮丙瑞林治疗女童中枢性性早熟可显著增强疗效,改善相关超声指标,并能有效调节性激素水平。

滋阴泻火中药治疗女童功能性卵巢囊肿的临床疗效分析

目的:分析滋阴泻火中药治疗女童功能性卵巢囊肿的临床疗效。方法:选择2021年1月—2022年12月收治的卵巢囊肿患儿40例,所有患儿均给予滋阴泻火中药治疗,连续治疗3个月。比较患儿治疗前、治疗3个月后发育情况(身高、体质量、骨龄、乳房发育Tanner分期)、性激素水平、子宫与卵巢容积、卵巢囊肿体积及不良反应情况。结果:治疗前后患儿身高、体质量、骨龄比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后患儿乳房发育Tanner分期较治疗前改善显著,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后患儿黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2)水平较治疗前均降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后患儿子宫大小、卵巢容积、卵巢囊肿体积较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);患儿治疗期间未见严重不良反应。结论:滋阴泻火中药治疗女童功能性卵巢囊肿效果较佳,可调节患儿E2水平,抑制外周性性早熟,利于卵巢囊肿缩小。

基于“阴火”理论浅析糖尿病肾脏病炎症机制

金元时期医家李东垣提出“脾胃气虚,阴火邸张”,并以此为基础形成“阴火”理论,气虚与“阴火”关系密切,脾胃气虚在“阴火”的形成中发挥重要作用。糖尿病肾脏病是糖尿病常见的慢性并发症,炎症反应是糖尿病肾脏病发生的主要机制之一,气虚也是糖尿病肾脏病炎症产生的重要基础,而脾胃运化失常在糖尿病患者肾脏发生炎症反应的过程中发挥了重要作用,糖尿病肾脏病炎症机制与“阴火”理论相契合。当代医家也有依据“阴火”理论来论治糖尿病肾脏病者,取得较好的临床疗效。该研究拟从东垣学说、炎症机制学说、当代医家对糖尿病肾脏病认识三个角度对“阴火”理论与糖尿病肾脏病炎症机制的关系作初步论述,旨在进一步完善糖尿病肾脏病的中医理论,从而为糖尿病肾脏病临床诊断和治疗提供理论依据。

中西医诊治儿童性早熟研究进展

目前,越来越多的无创诊断技术正在运用到儿童性早熟的诊断中,基因检测技术促进了该病遗传病因诊断的发展。对于该病的治疗,西医主要通过病因治疗继发性性早熟,对于特发性外周性性早熟没有特殊治疗方案,目前,中枢性性早熟治疗首选促性腺激素释放激素类似物(gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, GnRHa)。中医认为,性早熟病机为阴虚火旺,肝郁化火,痰湿壅滞,治以滋阴降火、疏肝解郁或燥湿化痰,可改善症状,抑制骨龄快速增长。但目前中医药治疗性早熟的临床研究证据等级不高,缺少样本量大、严格且全面的临床研究,未来可通过开展多中心的随机对照、大样本研究以验证中医药治疗性早熟的疗效。网络药理学和中药成分动物实验研究证明了中药治疗性早熟的部分机制,但中药方剂成分复杂,多通过胃肠道吸收后起效,是否可以调节肠道菌群、产生特异性菌群,该菌群是否改变了机体中某些代谢产物水平从而发挥治疗作用尚无相关研究,今后可开展更多的相关机制研究。

从补中益气汤管窥李东垣脾胃观之阴火论

“阴火”即内伤之火,其实质为脾胃亏虚,元气虚损所生之内热。“阴火”理论是李东垣提出并应用于临床阐明病机、诊治疾病、遣方用药的重要学说。其产生机制复杂,涵盖内容广泛,自古存在诸多争议,至今未有定论,临床价值尚未完全体现。补中益气汤既是东垣脾胃内伤学说的核心方,也是理解其内伤发热之“阴火”理论的关键。文章将通过探讨李东垣脾胃内伤理论体系中最重要的方剂“补中益气汤”的药物配伍特点及其理论基础,阐述李东垣脾胃观之“阴火”论的学术思想,以及“益气升阳”“甘温除热”的制方思想,浅析“阴火”理论的学术渊源,总结后世医家基于“阴火”理论的临床诊疗应用思路,以期为日后临床工作者应用“阴火”理论临床辨证论治、组方加减提供理论依据。

升麻治疫思想探析

本文从阴阳毒、阴火、大气下陷等医论出发,探析不同医家运用升麻的治疫思想。升麻辛凉轻扬,可解百毒、辟障邪,多治温热疫、瘥后证。仲景以疫毒已发、未发之别区分阴阳毒,阳毒者,升麻合蜀椒、雄黄汗以发之、阴毒者,升麻合鳖甲解毒散结;李东垣则总以心火独盛为致疫关键,发于头面者,升麻合风类药、苦寒之品清热解毒、升阳泻火,脾胃内伤者,升麻合甘温补脾土之品以泻阴火;疹毒客于肺胃者,则以辛凉气轻之品为主,透疫达表、解毒去实;余邪搏击大气者,则循同气相求之理,升提大气,举陷托邪。

基于“阴火”理论防治肺结节结癌转化

肺结节在临床中十分多见,但由于没有特异性症状且未形成瘤体,多数患者不能及时发现或没有太过重视,病情迁延日久,部分转化为癌。肺结节转化成肺癌是一个动态的过程,文章从气火的生理病理阐释气火失调的本质。气火失调的主导方面在于火,元气亏损,脾胃亏虚是肺结节发生的主因,久病气火失衡,“阴火妄动”是癌变发生的关键病机。中医阴火理论源于《黄帝内经》,文章围绕气与火之间的关系,探讨结癌转化与肿瘤血管新生之间的联系,也是对能量和代谢相互作用失稳状态变化的基本概括。阴火始于元气不足,脾胃亏虚以致水谷精微失于布散,代谢障碍,停久为痰瘀之品,与血脉相搏结,造成局部微环境变化,使肿瘤血管新生,进一步加快肺癌转化进程。阴火为肿瘤发生创造条件,为肿瘤生长提供动力,为肿瘤转移创造环境。在阴火理论指导下,立足“虚—气—火—痰—瘀—毒”病机演变过程,治疗时应调畅气机、宣散火热,散火清热利导以治标,升阳解郁以治本,提出健脾胃、补元气、泻阴火的治法,调整机体内皮细胞新陈代谢机能,达到机体的稳定状态,进而抑制肿瘤血管新生,改善肿瘤微环境,延缓结节癌变进程,从而干预肺癌的进程。

从“阴火理论”探讨良性甲状腺结节新生血管机制研究

甲状腺结节因检出率增高而受到广泛关注,血管新生导致的结节异常生长是重要机制。甲状腺结节归属中医“瘿瘤”范畴,传统观念认为本病发生责之于有形实邪痰、瘀,缺乏对甲状腺结节生长这一关键病理过程的动态论述。高天舒教授根据《脾胃论》“阴火理论”认为饮食劳倦、七情内伤致脾胃虚弱,阳气郁闭于内,血液壅滞于外,痰瘀互结阻络,产生虚滞之火上乘颈部,局部组织生成新血管,促进甲状腺结节生长,日久变证丛生。以“内伤脾胃,百病由生”为指导原则,注重补脾益气,潜降阴火,通过健脾升阳,消散内伤虚滞之火,抑制良性甲状腺结节内血管新生。本文旨在基于“阴火理论”从血管新生探讨甲状腺生长的机制,以期为中医药治疗良性甲状腺结节提供新的思路。

李东垣“阴火”的因机浅探

李东垣的《内外伤辨惑论》《脾胃论》等书对内伤脾胃病进行了充分的阐发,然而书中“阴火”这一概念不甚明确,后世医家认识也颇多不同。文章从阴火之因、阴火之机、阴火之状、阴火之治四个方面进行较全面的剖析,由此认为阴火可分为原发阴火和继发阴火。原发阴火产生的机制是由于脾胃虚衰、元气不足,最终谷气下流闭塞于肾间引动胞络之火向上向外布散;继发阴火是在原发阴火的基础上,局部元气不足而显现出局部的火。

基于肠道菌群与冠心病的关系探讨“阴火”科学内涵

肠道菌群与冠心病之间有密切的生理病理联系,肠道菌群结构及产物影响冠心病的发生发展。近年来,中医药领域高度关注肠道菌群对疾病的影响,而肠道菌群主要通过炎症损伤血管内皮、造成脂质代谢紊乱、促进血栓形成及氧化应激损伤血管内膜等机制影响冠心病,通过类比发现此机制与中医脾胃失调、元气失养、阴火内生病机过程相通。因此,从“阴火”理论可指导调节肠道菌群,进而治疗冠心病,这将为冠心病的中医药临床防治和科学研究带来新思路。

基于《脾胃论》再谈东垣“阴火”学说

基于《脾胃论》,探讨李东垣笔下阴火之含义、病因、病机及其治疗。阴火是东垣对内伤病中人体内同时存在的“虚”与“热”两种病理状态的统一概括,其“阴”为内、里,与外感相对,“虚”为气虚,以脾胃为主,“热”为阳气虚弱不能升散外达、郁于阴分所化,阴血受火热鼓动,流行周身,故其热象可表现在全身各处。阴火形成的关键在于气虚、气郁、郁热三个环节。治疗以补中、升阳二法为主,以治其本,泻热一法从权,以治其标。

刍议“阴火”与慢性前列腺炎证治

“阴火论”源于《黄帝内经》,是内伤虚损性质的病理之火。由李东垣首次提出,认为阴火可致“淋溲便难”“小便赤或涩”等症,此与慢性前列腺炎临床表现多有相似之处。且阴火起于下焦,病位上与男子胞(前列腺)密切相关,故认为可从“阴火”论治慢性前列腺炎。具体而言,在病因上,脾胃亏损是阴火产生的内在基础,亦是慢性前列腺炎发病的重要病因病机;而湿热、郁热均是阴火的重要成因,亦是慢性前列腺炎发病的重要病理因素。在治疗上,要抓住脾胃亏损这一本质,补气升阳;同时注意甘寒泻火,以去标热;重视风药,从权用药及重视情志因素等,如此方可提高临床疗效。

王秀霞教授基于“相火以位”辨治卵巢癌的经验

卵巢癌是致死率较高的妇科恶性肿瘤,严重威胁女性的机体健康。目前采用的手术、化疗、靶向治疗等手段仍然无法改变其复发率高、生存率低的严峻现象。王秀霞教授经过多年中医药治疗卵巢癌的临床实践,立足于“相火以位”理论,认为相火固守坎位,是人体生长发展源源不断的动力。而离位的相火,变为阴火、妄火,成为异位的能量源。故将卵巢癌的病因病机归纳为相火失位、元阳不足、阴火附着、癌毒凝聚,并提出以引火归元、攻痰逐瘀为主的治疗大法,自拟理冲生髓饮。同时重视后天之本,强调身心同治,突出中医药个性化治疗优势。

基于“阴阳水火”论心力衰竭合并失眠中医病机及治疗思路

失眠是心力衰竭患者常见伴发症状,且常可相互为患。作者基于“阴阳水火”理论,提出该病以阴阳疲怠为启病之本、阴阳失和为变病之著、阴阳失济为助病之澜、阴阳待决为重病之末。临证时应以“恢复人体阴阳水火”为本,初以气血同调,尤重参芪之用;病进为虚火燔灼时,每予寒热并用、阴中求阳,并配肉桂引火归元、黄连驱火下交于肾,但应注意中病即止,勿削元气;待病以阴水肆虐为患,则应于阳中求阴,以姜附与熟地黄、山药、麦冬等阴药相配,且不可妄用峻下逐水之法。此外,治病之时还应遵从四时阴阳节律、掌握病情顺逆规律,如夏时重于利水,冬时重于温补,阴水泛溢之时避免刺络、点滴等,通过尽早纠正阴阳失衡之势以阻止病进。从“阴阳水火”切入重新审度心力衰竭合并失眠之因机证治,可化繁为简,返璞归真。