Formation mechanism of fault accommodation zones under combined stress in graben basin:Implications from geomechanical modeling

A fault accommodation zone is a type of structure that is defined as regulating displacement and strain between faults structure.Increasing numbers of fault accommodation zones are being identified in graben basins,indicating the potential exploration target and petroleum accumulation areas.This study aims to analyze the formation mechanism and development of fault accommodation zones under combined stress by a numerical simulation method considering geomechanical modeling.Using three-dimensional(3-D)seismic interpretation and fractal dimension method,exampled with the Dongxin fault zone,the fault activity and fault combination pattern were conducted to quantitatively characterize the activity difference in fault accommodation zones.Combined with mechanical experiment test,a geomehcanical model was established for fault accommodation zones in a graben basin.Integrating the paleostress numerical simulations and structural physical simulation experiment,the developmental characteristics and genetic mechanism of fault accommodation zones were summarized.Influenced by multi movements and combined stresses,three significant tectonic evolution stages of the Dongxing Fault Zone(DXFZ)were distinguished:During the E_(s)^(3)sedimentary period,the large difference in the stress,strain,and rupture distribution in various faults were significant,and this stage was the key generation period for the prototype of the DXFZ,including the FAZ between large-scale faults.During the E_(s)^(2)sedimentary period,the EW-trending symmetric with opposite dipping normal faults and the NE-SW trending faults with large scale were furtherly developed.The junction area of two secondary normal faults were prone to be ruptured,performing significant period for inheriting and developing characteristics of fault accommodation zones.During the Es1 sedimentary period,the high-order faults in the DXFZ exhibited the obvious fault depressions and strike-slip activity,and the fault accommodation zones were furtherly inherited and developed.This stage was the molded and formative period of the FAZ,the low-order faults,and the depression in the DXFZ.

Depositional Model and Tectonic Evolution of Tertiary Transform-Extensional Basins in Northeast China: Case Study on Yitong and Damintun Grabens

? The formation and evolution of the Tertiary transformextensional basins in Northeast China are controlled by extensional and strikeslidding combinational processes because the giant strikeslip fault system, TanchengLujiang fault, cut through the basement or margin. Two kinds of structural styles have been identified in Northeast China: Yitong and Damintun styles. The former shows a clear asymmetry, in which sediments came mainly from two lateral sides and thick filling sediments were adjacent to the main strikeslip fault. The latter shows symmetry filling, in which sediments came from the long axial ends in addition to from two lateral sides. The tectonic evolution of Tertiary transformextensional basins in Northeast China underwent three stages: Eocene extensional, Oligocene transformextensional and Neogene transpressional stages.

One Dimensional Evolution Modeling of Source Rocks in the Chaluhe Basin, Yitong Graben

Chaluhe Basin is in Jilin Province of China with a cumulative sedimentary rock thickness of about 6000 meters and has four subdivisions: Wanchang Structural High, Bo-Tai Sag, Xinanpu Sag, Liangjia Structure High and the Gudian Slope. The basin with its better source rock distribution and more favorable maturation indicators than the adjacent Moliqing and Luxiang Basins is expected to be a potential hydrocarbon-producing basin. Four (4) wells were used in determining the maturation hydrocarbon generating potential of the mudstone beds present in the Eocene Formations (Shuangyang, Sheling and Yongji). Obtained result revealed heat flow average of 71.8 mW/m2, oil generation between 3.15 mg/g TOC and 39.49 mg/g TOC with gas generation of 6.98 mg/g TOC to 92.83 mg/g TOC. In conclusion the Eocene Shuangyang mudstone is the main petroleum source rock.

Structural and Sedimentary Characteristics of Hydrocarbon-Rich Sags in Lacustrine Sub-Basin of Half Graben Type, Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea

Pearl River Mouth Basin undergoes complex tectonic evolution processes and forms lacustrine,transitional and marine sediments.Drilling shows that there exist large petroleum reserves in the hydrocarbon-rich sags of Pearl River Mouth Basin,South China Sea.To reduce the risk,the exploration,structural and sedimentary characteristics of the hydrocarbon-rich sags should be identified and described.Drilling,seismic,and microfossil data are integrated to interpret the structural and sedimentary evolution of the hydrocarbon-rich sags in Pearl River Mouth Basin.By analyzing the tectonic and sedimentary evolutionary characteristics,three conclusions may be drawn:1、The present regional tectonic characteristics of the PRMB are formed by mutual interactions of the Eurasian Plate,Pacific Plate,Philippine Plate and Indian Plate.During the Paleocene to early Eocene and late Eocene and early Oligocene,the PRMB is at the rifting stage.During the late Oligocene,the PRMB was at the rifting-depression transitional stage.After the Oligocene,the PRMB is at the depression stage.2、Tectonic conditions control the sedimentation process in the hydrocarbon-rich sags.During the lacustrine sedimentation stage,synsedimentary faults and intense faulting control the sedimentation.During the transitional sedimentation stage,weak fault activity influences the deposition process in the hydrocarbon-rich sags.During the marine sedimentation stage,weak fault activity and depression activity control the deposition process in the hydrocarbon-rich sags.3、Tectonic evolution affects the deposition process.The lacustrine,transitional and marine sedimentation corresponds to different tectonic conditions.The lacustrine sedimentation is formed under fault activity during the rifting stage.The transitional sedimentation is formed under weak fault activity during the late rifting stage.The marine sedimentation is formed under weak fault activity and depression activity during the rifting-depression and depression stages.4、The half graben is beneficial for the formation of lacustrine source rocks,which is responsible for the hydrocarbon-rich sag.Therefore the half graben mode contributes to the hydrocarbon-rich sags.

Two Dimensional Evolution Modeling of Source Rocks in the Chaluhe Basin, Yitong Graben

Yitong Graben in Jilin Province of China, hosts three basins, namely: Chaluhe, Luxiang and Moliqing basins. The Chaluhe basin, as the focal point of this study has five subdivisions, thus, Bo-Tai sag, Wanchang Structural high, Liangjia Structure high Xinanpu sag, and the Gudian slope, with a cumulative sedimentary rock thickness of about 6000 metres. The basin is supposed to be a potential hydrocarbon-producing basin with its better source rock distribution and more favorable maturation indicators than the adjacent Luxiang and Moliqing Basin. Determining whether the mudstone beds present in the Eocene Formations are matured enough to generate hydrocarbons, three (3) wells with Seismic Lines (clh02, clh05 and clh07) were used for the study. It is observed that the entire region from NW to SE in the source rocks is mature to produce oil and gas. At depths of about 2400 m and below show good maturity with vitrinite reflectance values averaging 1.02% Ro. The Eocene Shuangyang mudstone is the main petroleum source rock.

Thermal History and Potential of Hydrocarbon Generated from Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Source Rocks in the Malita Graben, Northern Bonaparte Basin, Australia

The Malita Graben is located in the northern Bonaparte Basin, between the Sahul Platform to the northwest and the Petrel Sub-basin and Darwin Shelf to the south. The wells Beluga 1, Heron 1, Evans Shoal 1, Evans Shoal 2 and Seismic Line N11805 are selected to determine the thermal history and potential of hydrocarbon generated from the Plover, Elang, Frigate Shale (Cleia and Flamingo), and Echuca Shoals formations source rocks. The modeling was performed by using Basin Mod 1-D and 2-D techniques. The model results show that the geothermal gradients range from 3.05 to 4.05°C/100 m with an average of 3.75°C/100 m and present day heat flow values from 46.23 to 61.99 mW/m2 with an average of 56.29 mW/m2. The highest geothermal gradient and present-day heat flow values occurred on a terrace north of the Malita Graben. These most likely indicate that hot fluids are currently variably migrating into this structure. The lower geothermal gradient and heat flow values have been modeled in the southeast sites in the well Beluga 1. The northern Bonaparte Basin experienced several deformation phases including lithospheric thinning;hence, heat flow is expected to vary over the geological history of the basin. The higher paleo-heat flow values changing from 83.54 to 112.01 mW/m2 with an average of 101.71 mW/m2 during Jurassic rift event (syn-rift) were sufficient for source rocks maturation and hydrocarbon generation during Cretaceous post-breakup sequence (post-rift) in the study area. The Tuatara (Upper Frigate Shale) Formation source rock with type II & III kerogen dominantly showing mixed oil- and gas-prone, and Plover Formation with type III and gas prone have never reached the peak mature oil window in the well Beluga 1. This area indicates that the maturity of source rocks is low and considered to be from poor-to-good organic richness with poor-to-fair potential for hydrocarbons generation. The post mature Cleia (Lower Frigate Shale) and Echuca Shoals formations source rocks in the well Evans Shoal 1 and an early mature oil window Echuca Shoals formation source rock in the well Evans Shoal 2, characterized by type III kerogen dominantly showing gasprone are a fair-to-very good source richness with poor potential for hydrocarbons generation. The low to high maturity of Echuca Shoals and Petrel (Frigate Shale) formations source rocks in the well Heron 1, Plover Formation source rock in the Evans Shoal 1 well, and Cleia (Lower Frigate Shale) and Plover formations in the well Evans Shoal 2, showing gas-prone with type III and II & III kerogens predominantly, have reached the late mature oil and wet gas generation stages at present day. These last five formations source rocks are seen from poor-to-very good organic richness with poor-to-very good potential for hydrocarbons generation in the Malita Graben.

Modeling of Source Rocks in Moliqing Basin of Yitong Graben, Northeast China

Moliqing basin is a continental sedimentary basin in the northeast of China, between Changchun and Jilin. The source rocks characterization was done using the data of three wells to define the generative potential, kerogen type and thermal maturity. Basin Mod software was used for the models. The three Eocene source rock formations in the basin are Shuangyang, Sheling and Yongji. Shuangyang is the most important due to its quantity and maturity levels of kerogen with very good generative potential (TOC between 2% - 4%) towards the southern region of the basin. According to the Tmax values, all three source rocks reached the mature stage, and the levels increased from early mature for the Yongji formation, to late mature for some locations of the Shuangyang formation. The 1D and 2D modeling reconstructed shows that the heat flow developed in the basin laid between 64 and 78.1 mW/m2 and had maximum heat flow location towards the center of the basin.

山西地堑系太原盆地晚新生代沉积环境演化及物源分析

【目的】山西地堑系因其独特的大地构造位置成为研究中国东部晚新生代变形的热点地区,然而受露头剖面的局限,目前少有报道地堑系盆地完整的沉积环境演化的工作,对进一步认识地堑系演化过程造成了困难。【方法】通过太原盆地ZK01钻孔揭露的约8.1 Ma以来的详细沉积记录,开展了沉积环境和物源分析工作。【结果和结论】沉积环境分析表明太原盆地经历了河流—三角洲/湖泊—河流的沉积环境演化过程,其中分别在5.8~4.4 Ma和2.2~1.6 Ma发育两期覆盖整个太原盆地的湖泊。物源分析表明在5.8 Ma前后存在物源转变。5.8 Ma以前物源主要来自东部太行山脉的侏罗系石英砂岩;5.8 Ma以后物源转为以三叠系长石砂岩为主,同时吕梁山北部的变质岩和火山岩碎屑进入盆地,表明汾河开始流入太原盆地。太原盆地沉积环境演化与区域古气候和构造的关系,表明盆地的湖泊扩展过程主要受构造沉降控制,是青藏高原东向扩展作用的构造—地貌响应。

中亚造山带南部—鄂尔多斯盆地北部的壳幔结构特征及其构造意义

鄂尔多斯盆地北部至中亚造山带的广大地区,经历了早前寒武纪华北克拉通的形成、古生代古亚洲洋闭合、中生代陆内造山、新生代裂陷等系列重大地质事件,且该区赋存大规模能源和矿产资源、发育河套地震带,因此该区壳幔结构特征对其地质演化过程、资源富集机制、地震孕育机理均具有重要指示意义.本文基于内蒙古满都拉—陕北延川宽频带线性地震台阵资料,开展同剖面人工源地震测深结果约束下的多频接收函数和面波频散联合反演、接收函数共转换点叠加成像研究,构建了纵跨中亚造山带南部—阴山造山带—河套地堑—鄂尔多斯盆地北部一线的地壳上地幔精细结构.研究结果显示:沿剖面Moho面存在较大起伏,深度变化范围为35~48 km,整体上呈现以河套地堑为中心,相向汇聚、分段加深的近似对称图案;河套地堑地段,Moho面以穹窿形上隆的方式完成过渡,Moho面上隆、上地幔低速区的分布范围与孔兹岩带分布之间具有较好的一致性;大青山、乌拉山、色尔腾山交汇部位的地震活动分布,在空间上呈现速度结构迥异、相对独立的花状构造特征.以上特征指示研究区地壳在古元古代鄂尔多斯—阴山地块碰撞拼合、古生代中亚造山带造山的构造格架基础上,主要记录了中生代燕山运动B幕的强烈南北向挤压变形,并叠加了新生代以来,特别是新近纪至今鄂尔多斯北缘的强烈伸展断陷作用;渐新世河套地堑的初始发育是基于古元古代鄂尔多斯—阴山地块的碰撞拼合带启动的,意味着克拉通陆核的早期结合带在后期演化中依然保持着构造薄弱带的属性;大青山山前断裂、色尔腾山山前断裂是交汇区的主干断裂,它们均具备正断和走滑性质,而乌拉山山前断裂、北缘断裂分别在两者之间起到调节作用,推测1996年包头6.4级地震的发震断层对应北部色尔腾山山前断裂东段沿南倾方向在地壳深部的延伸.

定日县岗嘎地堑盆地隐伏断层氡气特征及其活动性分析

在中尼铁路的前期地质勘查工作中,岗嘎地堑盆地的活动断层对于铁路选址的影响是不可忽略的因素。为查明岗嘎地堑盆地的盆地边界断层、3个地垒的边界正断层以及其他隐伏断层的位置与活动性,开展了土壤氡气测量工作。通过测量,查明了盆地的东侧、西侧、北侧3个边界断层的大致位置,明确了3个地垒边界正断层的位置及其延伸走向。对盆地内断层的活动性进行了分析,北侧断层的活动性整体强于南侧,东侧强于西侧。研究可为中尼铁路的选址工作提供科学依据。

内蒙古二连断陷盆地陡带区地球物理响应及地震采集关键参数研究

断陷盆地陡带区多沉积于湖盆的边界同生断层一侧,具有山高坡陡、近物源、沉积速度快的特点,多发育有冲积扇、近岸水下扇或扇三角洲,在地震相上多表现为楔形杂乱相、楔形空白相。本文所述内蒙古二连断陷盆地探区的陡带区沉积大量厚度大、延伸长、无分选的粗细混合碎屑物质,造成地震资料存在能量弱、信噪比低、成像差的问题。为有效改善陡带区地震资料品质难以满足地质需求的问题,本文在对大量陡带区地震资料的分析,在充分分析陡带区沉积模式基础上完成了断陷盆地陡带区地球物理建模以及地球物理响应论证。认为大量的粗碎屑物质未经分选、快速沉积是导致断陷盆地陡带区地震采集资料反射能量弱、资料信噪比低、成像困难的直接原因。据此,通过充分的理论论证、模拟以及实际资料验证,推荐断陷盆地陡带区地震资料采集时采用较高的覆盖次数、相对适中的面元、较宽方位和适宜的炮检距。该成果可为类似地区的地震勘探提供参考借鉴。

Extensional tectonics and sedimentary response of the Early—Middle Cambrian passive continental margin,Tarim Basin,Northwest China

The fact that several half-grabens and normal faults developed in the Lower--Middle Cambrian of Tazhong （central Tarim Basin） and Bachu areas in Tarim Basin, northwest China, indicates that Tarim Basin was under extensional tectonic setting at this time. The half-grabens occur within a linear zone and the normal faults are arranged in en echelon patterns with gradually increasing displacement eastward. Extensional tectonics resulted in the formation of a passive continental margin in the southwest and a cratonic margin depression in the east, and most importantly, influenced the development of a three- pronged rift in the northeast margin of the Tarim Basin. The fault system controlled the development of platform -- slope -- bathyal facies sedimentation of mainly limestone-dolomite-gypsum rock-saline rock-red beds in the half-grabens. The NW-SE trending half-grabens reflect the distribution of buried basement faults.

Control of relay structure on mineralization of sedimentary-exhalative ore deposit in growth faults of graben systems

Based on the study of ore deposits and orebody structures of two sedimentary-exhalative ore deposits, i.e., Changba and Xitieshan Ore Deposits, it is found that the structural patterns of metallogenic basin of seafloor exhalative sulfide deposits in the ancient graben systems are controlled by relay structures in normal faults. The shapes of metallogenic basins are composed of tilting ramp, fault-tip ramp and relay ramp, which dominate migration of gravity current of ore-hosted fluid and shape of orebody sedimentary fan in the ramp. By measuring and comparing the difference of length-to-thickness ratios of orebody sedimentary fan, the result shows that the occurrence of the ramp has a remarkable impact on the shape of orebody.

Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Generated and Expelled from the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Source Rocks in the Lynedoch Field, Northern Bonaparte Basin, Australia

The Lynedoch field is located on the west flank of the Calder Graben in the north-eastern Bonaparte Basin, Australia. The data from the wells Lynedoch 1 and Lynedoch 2 and Seismic Line N11809 were used to reconstruct the burial and thermal histories and evaluate the hydrocarbon generated and expelled from the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous source rocks of the study area. Basin Mod 1-D and 2-D softwares were used for modeling. The Upper Jurassic Cleia (Lower Frigate) and Lower Cretaceous Echuca Shoals formations source rocks in the well Lynedoch 1 were a fair-to-good source richness with poor hydrocarbon generating potential, showing kerogen type III and gas prone. The Middle Jurassic Plover Formation source rock in the well Lynedoch 2 was a good organic matter richness with poor hydrocarbon generative potential, the late Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Elang Formation source rock in the same well was a fair source rock with poor hydrocarbon generation potential, and the Lower Cretaceous Echuca Shoals Formation source rock in the same well was a fair-to-very good organic richness with poor-to-fair hydrocarbon generating potential, gas prone with kerogen type III, and reaching wet gas window at present day. These previous formations of the both wells generated oil at the Late Cretaceous and gas at the Early Neogene. But, only Echuca Shoals Formation source rock in the well Lynedoch 2 was able to expelled hydrocarbon at the Middle Paleogene and continued up to present day. This Formation represents fair to slightly good potential source rock in the Lynedoch field.

Application of Multi-well Subsidence Analysis of the Beryl Embayment,Viking Graben,Northern North Sea

The Beryl Embayment is situated at the south end of the North Viking Graben in the North Sea. Three sets of normal faults, with N-S, NW-SE and NE-SW orientations, have been recognized in the Beryl Embayment. High-resolution subsidence analysis of 73 wells, combined with some seismic data, has been used to document Middle to Late Jurassic subsidence patterns in this area. The high temporal resolution achieved （1 to 2 million years per data point） has also allowed an assessment to be made of temporal evolution of faults with different orientations, and a study made of how and when the East Shetland Fault was linked and controlled sedimentary facies distributions. The results indicate that the East Shetland Fault can be divided into northern and southern parts which were linked together during the Early-Mid Oxfordian. The Mid-Late Jurassic syn-rift phase can be divided into four stages： minor active extension stage during the Bathonian-Middle Callovian, early syn-rotational stage during the Late Callovian-Early-Mid Oxfordian, syn-rotational climax stage during the Late Oxfordian-Early Volgian, and late syn-rotational stage during the Mid-Late Volgian. The results also show that there was a sequential variation of extension direction of active normal faults with different orientations, with an overall shift in the dominant orientation of active normal faults from N-S in the Bathonian-Middle Oxfordian, through NNW-SSE in the Late Oxfordian-Early Volgian （≈N30°E）, to NW-SE （≈N45°E） in the Mid-Late Volgian.

箕状断陷湖盆裂陷期层序地层及沉积演化——以松辽盆地西南缘奈曼凹陷九佛堂组下段为例

基于T-R(湖进—湖退)的层序划分方法,综合运用元素录井、三维地震、钻测井、岩心等资料,研究松辽盆地西南缘奈曼凹陷白垩系九佛堂组下段层序地层特征、沉积相和岩石学特征,建立层序地层格架及沉积演化模式。结果表明:奈曼凹陷九佛堂组下段为1个T-R三级旋回,可划分为湖进、湖退两个体系域。构造上为西陡东缓的单断箕状凹陷,沉积体系受控盆断裂影响,具有明显的东西分带特征,西部陡坡带兼具牵引流及重力流特征,发育扇三角洲沉积;东部斜坡带以牵引流特征为主,发育辫状河三角洲沉积。层序演化过程中,构造沉降、沉积物供给、古地貌和可容空间等因素不断变化,造成层序格架内沉积相类型及发育规模的差异。湖进体系域(T旋回)沉积时期,物源供给充足,西斜坡控盆断裂运动不断产生新的可容空间,扇三角洲发育规模大,东斜坡可容空间受构造影响小,辫状河三角洲发育规模较小;湖退体系域(R旋回)沉积时期,西陡坡物源供给减弱,扇三角洲发育规模变小,东斜坡沉积物快速充填可容空间减小,辫状河三角洲砂体向湖盆进积,发育规模大。该结果为岩性油气藏勘探及裂陷期优势储层预测提供指导。

The pre-Sinian rift in central Sichuan Basin and its control on hydrocarbon accumulation in the overlying strata

Based on the latest seismic data, resistivity profile, outcrop evidence and logging data, the structural features of basement in Sichuan Basin and its control on the hydrocarbon accumulation in the Sinian-Cambrian strata was discussed. It was found that a NE striking pre-Sinian rift was developed across the whole basin. Controlled by a series of rift-parallel normal faults, horst-graben structures were developed inside the rift, large horst-graben structures and later activity of their boundary faults controlled the distribution of beach facies of the overlying strata. The horst-graben structures induced the formation of local highs of ancient landform and controlled the successive development of overlapped bioherm beach facies in long-term marine setting from the Sinian period to the Permian period, and as a result a widely distributed favorable sedimentary facies belt was developed. The pre-Sinian rift and later activities of related normal faults controlled the development of the grain beach and karst reservoirs and the deposition of high quality source rock, which form structural-lithologic traps. Through comprehensive evaluation, two large structural-lithologic composite trap favorable exploration areas in the south and north of the Gaoshiti-Moxi area, were selected.

基于土地利用情景模拟的喀斯特关键带生态系统服务权衡与协同分析—以蒙自喀斯特断陷盆地为例

以蒙自喀斯特断陷盆地为例,利用CLUE-S模型设置自然演化、微度、适度、强力生态治理情景并探究2030年不同情景对生态系统服务的影响及权衡与协同特征。结果表明:(1)2018年蒙自喀斯特断陷盆地植被净初级生产力(NPP)、产水量、覆盖型喀斯特区土壤保持量、裸露型喀斯特区土壤保持量、食物供给量分别增加了13.98%、38.97%、23.04%、25%、105.43%,且各种服务变化存在一定的空间差异性;(2)随着生态治理力度加大,2030年NPP和土壤保持量不断增加,产水量不断减少,食物供给量在强力生态治理情景下减少,在其他三种情景下增加;(3)NPP与产水量、食物供给量为权衡关系,与土壤保持量为协同关系;产水量与土壤保持量为权衡关系,与食物供给量为协同关系;土壤保持量与食物供给量为权衡关系;(4)相较于2018年,适度生态治理情景下四种生态系统服务之间的协调性最好,是较为合理的生态治理模式。

云南岩溶断陷盆地植被演替土壤碳氮磷化学计量学特征

岩溶断陷盆地生态环境脆弱,石漠化严重,植被恢复是该地区生态重建、水土保持的有效措施。文章采用空间换时间的方法,以云南省泸西县岩溶断陷盆地5种不同演替阶段(玉米地、人工林、草地、灌木林、原始林)不同土层(0~10、10~20 cm)的土壤为研究对象,对比分析不同植被类型和不同深度条件下土壤C(碳)、N(氮)、P(磷)含量及化学计量比差异,旨在探明研究区土壤养分垂向分布及化学计量学特征,为该地区植被恢复管理及土地合理利用提供科学依据。结果表明:不同演替阶段、不同土壤深度土壤养分含量存在较大差异;随着演替年限的增长,土壤SOC(土壤有机碳)、TN(总氮)含量总体呈增长趋势且主要表现在0~10 cm深度土层上,而TP(总磷)含量存在波动,未表现出明显变化规律;各演替阶段0~10 cm土层的SOC、TN含量数值上均要高于10~20 cm土层,除原始林地以外,其余演替阶段不同土层间TP含量没有显著差异;在0~10 cm土层上,C/N、C/P、N/P均与土壤SOC含量呈显著正相关,C/P、N/P与土壤TN含量呈显著正相关,土壤TP含量与C/N、C/P和N/P无显著相关性;植被类型和土壤深度显著影响研究区土壤SOC、TN和TP含量及其化学计量比。

准噶尔盆地二叠纪盆地属性的再认识及其构造意义

准噶尔盆地及其邻区野外剖面、钻井剖面的系统对比和地震剖面的精细解释表明,二叠系沉积演化、断裂控制沉积、箕状断-超反射特征及大地构造背景均显示,二叠纪准噶尔盆地是形成于张性背景下的断陷-裂陷盆地。准噶尔盆地及邻区火山岩地化特征、年代学数据及区域构造研究成果也证明,二叠纪是张性的大地构造背景。早二叠世—中二叠世早期以发育冲积扇沉积为特征,各构造部位的沉积环境差异较大,强烈断陷并逐渐形成坳隆相间的沉积格局,为断陷盆地的裂陷期;中二叠统中晚期由早二叠世隆坳分割的局面逐渐转化为统一的大型内陆湖盆,吐哈盆地与准噶尔盆地水体相通,形成统一的沉积体系,为断陷盆地扩张期;晚二叠世时期以出现冲积-河流相红色粗碎屑沉积为特征,准噶尔盆地和吐哈盆地分割自成沉积体系,是断陷盆地的萎缩期。因此,中生代盆地演化是建立在二叠纪张性背景的基础之上,二叠纪断陷-裂陷盆地的提出对重新认识中生代盆地演化历程将具有重要启示意义,也将对今后的油气勘探具有重要指导意义,值得进一步研究。