Objective Doubly labeled water （DLW） method is the gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure （TEE）. We used this method to measure TEE in Chinese young men. Methods Sixteen healthy young men age 23±...Objective Doubly labeled water （DLW） method is the gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure （TEE）. We used this method to measure TEE in Chinese young men. Methods Sixteen healthy young men age 23±1 recruited. TEE was measured by the DLW method, by indirect calorimetry. We also conducted 24-h estimate energy requirements of the subjects. years with body mass index 22.0±1.4 kg/m2 were and basal energy expenditure （BEE） was determined activity, energy balance and factorial approach to Results TEE of subjects by DLW method was 9.45±0.57 M J/day （2258±180 kcal/day）. The 24-h activity was 10.80±0.33 M J/day （2582±136 kcal/day）. The energy requirement, derived from energy balance observations, was 9.93±1.32 M J/day （2373±315 kcal/day）. The BEE of 6.65±0.28 M J/day （1589±67 kcal/day）, calculated by the adjusted Schofield equation, was significantly higher （P〈O.O01） than that measured by indirect calorimetry, 5.99-±0.66 M J/day （1433-±158 kcal/day）. The TEE derived from the factorial approach was 10.31-±0.43 M J/day （2463±104 kcal/day）. Conclusion The TEE of Chinese young men measured by the DLW method was about 10% lower than the current recommended nutrient intake （RNI）, suggesting that the RNI for Chinese men maybe overestimated. Further studies are warranted to determine the value of the estimated energy requirement.展开更多
Objective To understand the current semen quality status among Chinese young men and influential factors in China and to explore its evaluation index. Methods A total of 562 healthy male volunteers were recruited duri...Objective To understand the current semen quality status among Chinese young men and influential factors in China and to explore its evaluation index. Methods A total of 562 healthy male volunteers were recruited during their premarital examinations in seven provincials and municipal regions' MCH centers; descriptive and principal component analyses were used to analyze data.Results The findings show that semen volume (2. 61± 1. 10 mL), sperm density (64. 47× 34. 59× 106/mL), percentage of sperm forward progression (59. 89%± 17. 11%), percentage of sperm viability (77. 19% ± 11. 87%), and percentage of normal sperm morphology ( 78. 23% ± 9. 15% ). The first principal component function is Z1= -8.512 54 + 0. 001 35X1' + 0. 031 92X2'+0. 043 52X3'+ 0. 039 84X4', which is closely related to percentage of sperm viability (X3), percentage of sperm forward progression (X2), and percentage of normal sperm morphology (X4)The second principal component function is: Z2= 0. 491 92+ 0. 080 80X1- 0. 000 58X2-0. 005 10X3- 0. 018 07X4, which depends on the total sperm count (X1). Conclusion Only 42. 3% subjects meet all the common WHO standard of semen quality. The multiple analysis of Z1 showed that the highest Z1 are among subjects from Guizhou,workers, or town residents. Multiple analysis of Z2 showed that the older age when the subjects had the first sexual impulse, the longer period of sexual abstinence and more quantity of sperm they had; the more sexual activity subjects had, the less amount of sperm they had.展开更多
Background:The prevalence of obesity has been increasing in both males and females worldwide.In Thailand,the National Health Examination Surveys reported that the prevalence of obesity(body mass index(BMI)≥30 kg/m^2)...Background:The prevalence of obesity has been increasing in both males and females worldwide.In Thailand,the National Health Examination Surveys reported that the prevalence of obesity(body mass index(BMI)≥30 kg/m^2)among Thai male adults aged 20–59 years increased from 1.7%in 1991 to 6.8%in 2009.Obesity has been confirmed to lead to health problems,including noncommunicable diseases.In the present study,we report trends in the prevalence of obesity among new conscripts from 2009 to 2016.We also investigated the associated factors of obesity.Methods:Serial cross-sectional studies were conducted from 2009 to 2016 among male Royal Thai Army(RTA)conscripts whose weight and height had been measured to determine BMI after being inducted.Each subject completed a detailed risk factor questionnaire.Obesity was defined as BMI≥30 kg/m2.Results:A total of 26,540 young Thai males conscripted into the RTA were included in this study.The prevalence of obesity was 2.2%in 2009,3.4%in 2010,2.5%in 2011,2.9%in 2012,3.4%in 2013,4.4%in 2014,5.0%in 2015,and 4.8%in 2016(P for trend<0.0001).The independent risk factors for obesity were coming from the north central and south regions compared with the northeast,higher education level,indoor occupation and no regular exercise.Conclusions:Our data emphasized that obesity constitutes a serious problem among young Thai men.We could apply these findings in military units to other groups at any age.Regular exercise should be provided to young adults and other age groups to slow the process of obesity,so that associated complications,especially noncommunicable diseases,will cease.展开更多
In the 1950s,the“Angry Young Men”,a literary genre,emerged in Britain,which had a profound impact on the develop⁃ment of English literature.As one of the representative writers of the“Angry Young Men”,Arnold Weske...In the 1950s,the“Angry Young Men”,a literary genre,emerged in Britain,which had a profound impact on the develop⁃ment of English literature.As one of the representative writers of the“Angry Young Men”,Arnold Wesker has created many works reflecting the strong realistic style of this genre.This paper takes Chicken Soup with Barley in the Wesker Trilogy as an example,and focuses on analyzing the distinctive realistic characteristics contained in this work.展开更多
Background: Evidence suggests that cancer patients with increased travel burden to treatment centers may have limited treatment options. Purpose: To investigate the association between travel distance to a treatment f...Background: Evidence suggests that cancer patients with increased travel burden to treatment centers may have limited treatment options. Purpose: To investigate the association between travel distance to a treatment facility and initial treatment choice among young men with low-risk prostate cancer in a rural state. Methods: A retrospective medical charts review was conducted of young men (65 years or younger) newly diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer from January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2014 who were treated with either active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, or brachytherapy at either of the two major hospital systems in Bismarck, ND, USA. Results: Information on a random sample of 242 patients was studied. The majority of patients (66%) received radical prostatectomy. Patients who received radical prostatectomy were significantly younger (p-value 0.001). PSA at diagnosis, clinical stage, and Gleason score were not associated with treatment choice (p-value = 0.06;p-value = 0.1794;and p-value = 1.00;respectively). Adjusting for age at diagnosis, PSA at diagnosis, and treatment facility, treatment choice was not associated with travel distance (p-value = 0.309). Patients treated at St. Alexius facility were more likely to undergo radical prostatectomy than Sanford health patients (p-value Conclusions: We found no association between travel distance and treatment choice for low-risk prostate cancer. Treatment choice was associated with institution which may suggest institutional bias in patterns of care.展开更多
目的了解年轻男男性行为者(young men who have sex with men,YMSM)改变现有生活方式的自我意愿,分析可能性的关联因素。方法用“滚雪球”抽样法,对绵阳市YMSM进行改变现有生活方式的自我意愿、可能性等的问卷调查,共计调查351人。采用...目的了解年轻男男性行为者(young men who have sex with men,YMSM)改变现有生活方式的自我意愿,分析可能性的关联因素。方法用“滚雪球”抽样法,对绵阳市YMSM进行改变现有生活方式的自我意愿、可能性等的问卷调查,共计调查351人。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析YMSM改变现有生活方式可能性的关联因素。结果有效问卷338份,48.2%的受访者曾有改变现有生活方式的自我意愿,改变的可能性中,10.4%认为能、33.7%不确定、55.9%不可能。受访者能改变现有生活方式的原因中,26.5%认为没意思,64.2%因家庭压力,12.6%因社会压力。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,首次肛交时知晓艾滋病感染风险大(OR=3.95)、首个性伴是女性(OR=10.06)、改变现有生活方式的原因认为没意思(OR=13.07)、有异性结婚打算(OR=6.04)的YMSM能改变现有生活方式的可能性更大,年龄>20岁(OR=0.29)的YMSM能改变现有生活方式的可能性更小(P<0.05)。结论YMSM曾有改变现有生活方式的自我意愿近半数,能改变的可能性较小。改变可能性与年龄、早期性经历、结婚意愿、对现有生活方式的内在感受及风险认识相关。展开更多
目的了解年轻男男性行为者(young men who have sex with men,YMSM)自我接纳现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用“滚雪球”抽样法,通过6名不同人口学特征的“种子”招募研究对象,对四川省绵阳市YMSM采用自我接纳量表等进行问卷调查,用Pear...目的了解年轻男男性行为者(young men who have sex with men,YMSM)自我接纳现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用“滚雪球”抽样法,通过6名不同人口学特征的“种子”招募研究对象,对四川省绵阳市YMSM采用自我接纳量表等进行问卷调查,用Pearson相关性、t检验和多元线性回归进行自我评价和自我接纳两因子及总得分的影响因素分析。结果有效问卷337份,总体平均分为(42.25±6.79)分,其中自我评价、自我接纳因子平均得分为(21.11±4.74)分、(21.14±3.61)分。多因素分析结果显示,年龄>20岁、有风险认识、近6个月肛交有保护与自我评价因子得分呈正相关,近6个月有异性性行为与该得分呈负相关(P<0.05);知晓艾滋病知识、有风险认识、首个同性性伴关系是朋友或熟人/认识、性伴相处坚持主张、近6个月肛交与自我接纳因子得分呈正相关(均P<0.05);年龄>20岁、知晓艾滋病知识、有风险认识、首个同性性伴关系是朋友或熟人/认识、性伴相处坚持主张、近6个月肛交与自我接纳总得分呈正相关,首次同性性行为年龄与总得分呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论YMSM自我接纳水平较高,自我接纳受多种因素影响,艾滋病知识、风险认识和性行为保护是YMSM自我接纳的促进因素,对艾滋病防治具有积极效应,可通过这些因素提高其自我接纳水平。展开更多
Background: Trauma is major public health problem in developing countries where they are associated with many factors, mainly such as lack of road safety, poverty and inadequate urban planning. We aim to highlight the...Background: Trauma is major public health problem in developing countries where they are associated with many factors, mainly such as lack of road safety, poverty and inadequate urban planning. We aim to highlight the epidemiology of the fractures limbs bones in a rural area where people live in a context of low economy, low education and insecurity. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study involving all patients admitted for fracture in the surgical department of FOMULAC-KATANA General Reference Hospital from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2011 to 31<sup>st</sup> December 2014. The patients whose medical records were not completed were excluded. Results: Among 136 patients included in our study, 140 bones limbs were registered. Most of them (60.1%) were aged between 15 - 44 years and the average age is 30, 1 year. Male predominance is noticed (72.8%) with a male/female ratio of 2.7/1, and informal professionals are the most found in our patients (67.6%). The main circumstances of fracture occurrence are, respectively, road traffic accidents (57.4%), falls (22.3%) and firearms (10.3%). The leg bones (33.6%) and forearm bones (20%) are the most concerned bones. Open fractures are recorded in 40.7% of patients. The supporting treatment is mainly orthopedic (64.5%) but also surgical (35.5). The mortality rate is 3.6%. Conclusion: The fractures of the limbs bones in Katana General Reference Hospital mainly affect young male which is informal professional. The road traffic accidents are the first circumstance leading to fractures followed by falls. The leg bones are the most fractured body part and fractures are commonly opened.展开更多
基金supported by the projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30771811)the National Technology Research and Development Program in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan of China(No.2008BAI58B01)
文摘Objective Doubly labeled water （DLW） method is the gold standard for measuring total energy expenditure （TEE）. We used this method to measure TEE in Chinese young men. Methods Sixteen healthy young men age 23±1 recruited. TEE was measured by the DLW method, by indirect calorimetry. We also conducted 24-h estimate energy requirements of the subjects. years with body mass index 22.0±1.4 kg/m2 were and basal energy expenditure （BEE） was determined activity, energy balance and factorial approach to Results TEE of subjects by DLW method was 9.45±0.57 M J/day （2258±180 kcal/day）. The 24-h activity was 10.80±0.33 M J/day （2582±136 kcal/day）. The energy requirement, derived from energy balance observations, was 9.93±1.32 M J/day （2373±315 kcal/day）. The BEE of 6.65±0.28 M J/day （1589±67 kcal/day）, calculated by the adjusted Schofield equation, was significantly higher （P〈O.O01） than that measured by indirect calorimetry, 5.99-±0.66 M J/day （1433-±158 kcal/day）. The TEE derived from the factorial approach was 10.31-±0.43 M J/day （2463±104 kcal/day）. Conclusion The TEE of Chinese young men measured by the DLW method was about 10% lower than the current recommended nutrient intake （RNI）, suggesting that the RNI for Chinese men maybe overestimated. Further studies are warranted to determine the value of the estimated energy requirement.
文摘Objective To understand the current semen quality status among Chinese young men and influential factors in China and to explore its evaluation index. Methods A total of 562 healthy male volunteers were recruited during their premarital examinations in seven provincials and municipal regions' MCH centers; descriptive and principal component analyses were used to analyze data.Results The findings show that semen volume (2. 61± 1. 10 mL), sperm density (64. 47× 34. 59× 106/mL), percentage of sperm forward progression (59. 89%± 17. 11%), percentage of sperm viability (77. 19% ± 11. 87%), and percentage of normal sperm morphology ( 78. 23% ± 9. 15% ). The first principal component function is Z1= -8.512 54 + 0. 001 35X1' + 0. 031 92X2'+0. 043 52X3'+ 0. 039 84X4', which is closely related to percentage of sperm viability (X3), percentage of sperm forward progression (X2), and percentage of normal sperm morphology (X4)The second principal component function is: Z2= 0. 491 92+ 0. 080 80X1- 0. 000 58X2-0. 005 10X3- 0. 018 07X4, which depends on the total sperm count (X1). Conclusion Only 42. 3% subjects meet all the common WHO standard of semen quality. The multiple analysis of Z1 showed that the highest Z1 are among subjects from Guizhou,workers, or town residents. Multiple analysis of Z2 showed that the older age when the subjects had the first sexual impulse, the longer period of sexual abstinence and more quantity of sperm they had; the more sexual activity subjects had, the less amount of sperm they had.
文摘Background:The prevalence of obesity has been increasing in both males and females worldwide.In Thailand,the National Health Examination Surveys reported that the prevalence of obesity(body mass index(BMI)≥30 kg/m^2)among Thai male adults aged 20–59 years increased from 1.7%in 1991 to 6.8%in 2009.Obesity has been confirmed to lead to health problems,including noncommunicable diseases.In the present study,we report trends in the prevalence of obesity among new conscripts from 2009 to 2016.We also investigated the associated factors of obesity.Methods:Serial cross-sectional studies were conducted from 2009 to 2016 among male Royal Thai Army(RTA)conscripts whose weight and height had been measured to determine BMI after being inducted.Each subject completed a detailed risk factor questionnaire.Obesity was defined as BMI≥30 kg/m2.Results:A total of 26,540 young Thai males conscripted into the RTA were included in this study.The prevalence of obesity was 2.2%in 2009,3.4%in 2010,2.5%in 2011,2.9%in 2012,3.4%in 2013,4.4%in 2014,5.0%in 2015,and 4.8%in 2016(P for trend<0.0001).The independent risk factors for obesity were coming from the north central and south regions compared with the northeast,higher education level,indoor occupation and no regular exercise.Conclusions:Our data emphasized that obesity constitutes a serious problem among young Thai men.We could apply these findings in military units to other groups at any age.Regular exercise should be provided to young adults and other age groups to slow the process of obesity,so that associated complications,especially noncommunicable diseases,will cease.
文摘In the 1950s,the“Angry Young Men”,a literary genre,emerged in Britain,which had a profound impact on the develop⁃ment of English literature.As one of the representative writers of the“Angry Young Men”,Arnold Wesker has created many works reflecting the strong realistic style of this genre.This paper takes Chicken Soup with Barley in the Wesker Trilogy as an example,and focuses on analyzing the distinctive realistic characteristics contained in this work.
文摘Background: Evidence suggests that cancer patients with increased travel burden to treatment centers may have limited treatment options. Purpose: To investigate the association between travel distance to a treatment facility and initial treatment choice among young men with low-risk prostate cancer in a rural state. Methods: A retrospective medical charts review was conducted of young men (65 years or younger) newly diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer from January 1, 2005 through December 31, 2014 who were treated with either active surveillance, radical prostatectomy, or brachytherapy at either of the two major hospital systems in Bismarck, ND, USA. Results: Information on a random sample of 242 patients was studied. The majority of patients (66%) received radical prostatectomy. Patients who received radical prostatectomy were significantly younger (p-value 0.001). PSA at diagnosis, clinical stage, and Gleason score were not associated with treatment choice (p-value = 0.06;p-value = 0.1794;and p-value = 1.00;respectively). Adjusting for age at diagnosis, PSA at diagnosis, and treatment facility, treatment choice was not associated with travel distance (p-value = 0.309). Patients treated at St. Alexius facility were more likely to undergo radical prostatectomy than Sanford health patients (p-value Conclusions: We found no association between travel distance and treatment choice for low-risk prostate cancer. Treatment choice was associated with institution which may suggest institutional bias in patterns of care.
文摘目的了解年轻男男性行为者(young men who have sex with men,YMSM)改变现有生活方式的自我意愿,分析可能性的关联因素。方法用“滚雪球”抽样法,对绵阳市YMSM进行改变现有生活方式的自我意愿、可能性等的问卷调查,共计调查351人。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析YMSM改变现有生活方式可能性的关联因素。结果有效问卷338份,48.2%的受访者曾有改变现有生活方式的自我意愿,改变的可能性中,10.4%认为能、33.7%不确定、55.9%不可能。受访者能改变现有生活方式的原因中,26.5%认为没意思,64.2%因家庭压力,12.6%因社会压力。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,首次肛交时知晓艾滋病感染风险大(OR=3.95)、首个性伴是女性(OR=10.06)、改变现有生活方式的原因认为没意思(OR=13.07)、有异性结婚打算(OR=6.04)的YMSM能改变现有生活方式的可能性更大,年龄>20岁(OR=0.29)的YMSM能改变现有生活方式的可能性更小(P<0.05)。结论YMSM曾有改变现有生活方式的自我意愿近半数,能改变的可能性较小。改变可能性与年龄、早期性经历、结婚意愿、对现有生活方式的内在感受及风险认识相关。
文摘目的了解年轻男男性行为者(young men who have sex with men,YMSM)自我接纳现状,并分析其影响因素。方法采用“滚雪球”抽样法,通过6名不同人口学特征的“种子”招募研究对象,对四川省绵阳市YMSM采用自我接纳量表等进行问卷调查,用Pearson相关性、t检验和多元线性回归进行自我评价和自我接纳两因子及总得分的影响因素分析。结果有效问卷337份,总体平均分为(42.25±6.79)分,其中自我评价、自我接纳因子平均得分为(21.11±4.74)分、(21.14±3.61)分。多因素分析结果显示,年龄>20岁、有风险认识、近6个月肛交有保护与自我评价因子得分呈正相关,近6个月有异性性行为与该得分呈负相关(P<0.05);知晓艾滋病知识、有风险认识、首个同性性伴关系是朋友或熟人/认识、性伴相处坚持主张、近6个月肛交与自我接纳因子得分呈正相关(均P<0.05);年龄>20岁、知晓艾滋病知识、有风险认识、首个同性性伴关系是朋友或熟人/认识、性伴相处坚持主张、近6个月肛交与自我接纳总得分呈正相关,首次同性性行为年龄与总得分呈负相关(均P<0.05)。结论YMSM自我接纳水平较高,自我接纳受多种因素影响,艾滋病知识、风险认识和性行为保护是YMSM自我接纳的促进因素,对艾滋病防治具有积极效应,可通过这些因素提高其自我接纳水平。
文摘Background: Trauma is major public health problem in developing countries where they are associated with many factors, mainly such as lack of road safety, poverty and inadequate urban planning. We aim to highlight the epidemiology of the fractures limbs bones in a rural area where people live in a context of low economy, low education and insecurity. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, retrospective study involving all patients admitted for fracture in the surgical department of FOMULAC-KATANA General Reference Hospital from 1<sup>st</sup> January 2011 to 31<sup>st</sup> December 2014. The patients whose medical records were not completed were excluded. Results: Among 136 patients included in our study, 140 bones limbs were registered. Most of them (60.1%) were aged between 15 - 44 years and the average age is 30, 1 year. Male predominance is noticed (72.8%) with a male/female ratio of 2.7/1, and informal professionals are the most found in our patients (67.6%). The main circumstances of fracture occurrence are, respectively, road traffic accidents (57.4%), falls (22.3%) and firearms (10.3%). The leg bones (33.6%) and forearm bones (20%) are the most concerned bones. Open fractures are recorded in 40.7% of patients. The supporting treatment is mainly orthopedic (64.5%) but also surgical (35.5). The mortality rate is 3.6%. Conclusion: The fractures of the limbs bones in Katana General Reference Hospital mainly affect young male which is informal professional. The road traffic accidents are the first circumstance leading to fractures followed by falls. The leg bones are the most fractured body part and fractures are commonly opened.
