This data article describes data acquired from the Database of Youth Health(DYH)program.The DYH program consisted of a multi-wave survey conducted annually in the academic year 2015/2016,2016/2017,2017/2018,and 2020/2...This data article describes data acquired from the Database of Youth Health(DYH)program.The DYH program consisted of a multi-wave survey conducted annually in the academic year 2015/2016,2016/2017,2017/2018,and 2020/2021 to investigate the status quo of health and health-related behaviors of Chinese junior and senior high school students.A total of 99,327 students from 186 secondary schools in 17 cities of Shandong province participated in the survey.The dataset is longitudinal and consists of rich parameters in aspects of individual information,social-economic status,social interaction,nutrition and diet,psychological cognition,mental health,school adaptation,quality of life,spare-time physical activity,risk behaviors,and physical fitness evaluation results based on the National Student Physical Fitness and Health 2014.It is the first open shared dataset about Chinese adolescents’health and health-related behaviors.It would be valuable and beneficial for policy makers,educational institutions,and other stakeholders to generate or adjust the existing strategies for improving Chinese adolescents’wellbeing.展开更多
AIMTo study impact of baseline mental health disease on hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment; and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) changes with sofosbuvir- and interferon-based therapy. METHODSThis is a retros...AIMTo study impact of baseline mental health disease on hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment; and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) changes with sofosbuvir- and interferon-based therapy. METHODSThis is a retrospective cohort study of participants from 5 studies enrolled from single center trials conducted at the Clinical Research Center of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States. All participants were adults with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection and naïve to HCV therapy. Two of the studies included HCV mono-infected participants only (SPARE, SYNERGY-A), and 3 included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV co-infected participants only (ERADICATE, PFINPK, and ALBIN). Patients were treated for HCV with 3 different regimens: Sofosbuvir and ribavirin in the SPARE trial, ledipasvir and sofosbuvir in SYNERGY-A and ERADICATE trials, and pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin for 48 wk in the PIFNPK and ALBIN trials. Participants with baseline mental health disease (MHD) were identified (defined as either a DSM IV diagnosis of major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder or requiring anti-depressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers or psychotropics prescribed by a psychiatrist). For our first aim, we compared sustained virologic response (SVR) and adherence (pill counts, study visits, and in 25 patients, blood levels of the sofosbuvir metabolite, GS-331007) within each study. For our second aim, only patients with HIV coinfection were evaluated. BDI scores were obtained pre-treatment, during treatment, and post-treatment among participants treated with sofosbuvir-based therapy, and compared to scores from participants treated with interferon-based therapy. Statistical differences for both aims were analyzed by Fisher’s Exact, and t-test with significance defined as a P value less than 0.05. RESULTSBaseline characteristics did not differ significantly between all participants with and without MHD groups treated with sofosbuvir-based therapy. Among patients treated with sofosbuvir-based therapy, the percentage of patients with MHD who achieved SVR was the same as those without (SPARE: 60.9% of those MHD compared to 67.6% in those without, P = 0.78; SYNERGY-A: 100% of both groups; ERADICATE: 100% compared to 97.1%). There was no statistically significant difference in pill counts, adherence to study visits between groups, nor mean serum concentrations of GS-331007 for each group at week 2 of treatment (P = 0.72). Among patients with HIV co-infection, pre-treatment BDI scores were similar among patients treated with sofosbuvir, and those treated with interferon (sofosbuvir-based 5.24, IFN-based 6.96; P = 0.14); however, a dichotomous effect on was observed during treatment. Among participants treated with directly acting antiviral (DAA)-based therapy, mean BDI scores decreased from 5.24 (pre-treatment) to 3.28 during treatment (1.96 decrease, P = 0.0034) and 2.82 post-treatment. The decrease in mean score from pre- to post-treatment was statistically significant (-2.42, P = 0.0012). Among participants treated with IFN-based therapy, mean BDI score increased from 6.96 at pre-treatment to 9.19 during treatment (an increase of 2.46 points, P = 0.1), and then decreased back to baseline post-treatment (mean BDI score 6.3, P = 0.54). Overall change in mean BDI scores from pre-treatment to during treatment among participants treated with DAA-based and IFN-therapy was statistically significant (-1.96 and +2.23, respectively; P = 0.0032). This change remained statistically significant when analysis was restricted to participants who achieved SVR (-2.0 and +4.36, respectively; P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONSofosbuvir-based therapy is safe and well tolerated in patients with MHD. A decline in BDI associated with sofosbuvir-based HCV treatment suggests additional MHD benefits, although the duration of these effects is unknown.展开更多
Nearly half of the world’s population comprise youths. However, addressing their Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) remains a challenge. Globally countries are mandated to continually provide Youth Friendly Sexual ...Nearly half of the world’s population comprise youths. However, addressing their Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) remains a challenge. Globally countries are mandated to continually provide Youth Friendly Sexual and Reproductive Health services (YFSRHs) to the youth. The objective of this study was to assess and describe youth’s perspectives on a sustainable model for the provision of YFSRHs in Kenya. Data was collected among 400 youths aged 18 - 24 years in Embu and Kirinyaga counties, Kenya. A structured questionnaire was utilized as the data collection tool. Collected data was analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.4. Statistical threshold of P ≤ 0.05 was used. Overall the mean age of the study participants was ±standard deviation (SD) 21.2 ± 1.86 years. Majority of the participants’ perspective on the health care system sustainability was that the waiting time at the facility should be less than an hour, accessible geographically (less than a kilometre), affordable (≤20 Ksh.), and convenient working hours (weekday and weekends ratio 1:1). Advocacy was on health care provider’s attributes of politeness, welcoming, confidential and non-judgmental. The most preferred locations for the youth friendly centres by the participants were community and school based locations. Similarly, parental and community support was reported to highly contribute to sustained utilization and provision of the YFSRHs (P < 0.001). Unlike popular belief, 99.8% did not see the need for recreational facilities at the youth centres to ensure sustainability of the model. To ensure a sustainable model for the provision of YFSRHs, there is need for a multi-sectoral and stakeholder involvement that is;youth, health care system structure, health care service providers, parents and community. Further research is needed on parents and health care service provider’s perspectives on how to sustain the provision of YFSRH services.展开更多
Background:Safety protocols are an essential component of studies addressing violence and mental health but are rarely described in the published literature from Sub-Saharan Africa.We designed and implemented a safety...Background:Safety protocols are an essential component of studies addressing violence and mental health but are rarely described in the published literature from Sub-Saharan Africa.We designed and implemented a safety protocol within Project YES!(Youth Engaging for Success),which enrolled 276 youth living with HIV(ages 15–24 years)in a randomized controlled trial of a peer-mentoring intervention across four HIV clinics in Ndola,Zambia.Methods:Youth who reported severe violence and/or suicidal thoughts on research surveys or during meetings with youth peer mentors(YPM)were referred to designated healthcare providers(HCP).We explored experiences with the safety protocol using:a)monitoring data of referrals,and b)in-depth interviews with youth(n=82),HCP(n=10),YPM(n=8),and staff(n=6).Descriptive statistics were generated and thematic analysis of coded transcripts and written memos performed.Results:Nearly half of youth enrolled(48%of females,41%of males)were referred to a HCP at least once.The first referral was most often for sexual violence(35%)and/or suicidal ideation/depression(29%).All referred youth aged 15–17 years and over 80%of referred youth aged 18+agreed to see a HCP.HCP referred 15%for additional services outside the clinic.Twenty-nine youth,all HCP,all YPM,and all staff interviewed discussed the safety protocol.Most youth felt“encouraged,”“helped,”“unburdened,”and“relieved”by their meetings with HCP;some expressed concerns about meeting with HCP.The safety protocol helped HCP recognize the need to integrate care for violence and mental health with medication adherence support.HCP,YPM,and study staff raised implementation challenges,including youth choosing not to open up to HCP,time and resource constraints,deficiencies in HCP training,and stigma and cultural norms inhibiting referrals outside the clinic for emotional trauma and mental health.Conclusions:Implementing a safety protocol within an HIV clinic-based research study is possible and beneficial for youth and HCP alike.Implementation challenges underscore that HCP in Zambia work in over-stretched healthcare systems.Innovative strategies must address deficiencies in training and resources within HIV clinics and gaps in coordination across services to meet the overwhelming need for violence and mental health services among youth living with HIV.展开更多
Purpose and Motivation: Youth coaches continue to be among the most important influences in the lives of children and adolescents. This article looks at four specific youth coaching styles and how three of the coachin...Purpose and Motivation: Youth coaches continue to be among the most important influences in the lives of children and adolescents. This article looks at four specific youth coaching styles and how three of the coaching approaches evoke poor coping skills and weaken resiliency behaviors in children and adolescents. Problem: The authors present an overview of how youth coaching styles contribute to unconscious powerful Transactional Analysis (TA) life scripts that can negatively impact children into adulthood. The authors examine four unique coaching styles and their effect on the Winner, Loser, and Non-Winner life scripts found in the Transactional Analysis literature. Methods: While the literature is quite limited on this topic, themes and inferences were drawn from previously published professional literature. Results: Findings reflect how specific coaching styles may evoke winner, loser and non-winner scripts in young athletes, and that these scripts can influence children later in life. Conclusion: The authors recommend using the positive-structured coaching style in youth sports to promote resiliency, fun, and improved coping skills in youth playing sports.展开更多
Background Mental health issues among retirees have become increasingly concerning because the aging population presents a significant challenge globally,particularly in Western countries.Previous studies on this issu...Background Mental health issues among retirees have become increasingly concerning because the aging population presents a significant challenge globally,particularly in Western countries.Previous studies on this issue are plagued with bias owing to lacking panel data and estimation strategies.This study investigated the depression levels of European adults around the time of retirement.Methods We used data obtained from Waves 1-7 of the Survey of Health,Ageing,and Retirement in Europe(SHARE)to create panel data covering the 2004-2017 period.Wave 3(SHARELIFE)was excluded from the sample because it provided mismatched information.Fixed-effects(FE)and fixed-effects instrumental variables(FE-IV)models with multiple imputations were employed to examine the impacts of retirement on mental health before and after retirement,where being over pension age(normal and early)was used as the instrument variable.Results Our results indicated that retirement based on aspirational motivations(β=−0.115,p<0.001)and positive circumstances(β=−0.038,p<0.001)significantly reduced depression,whereas retiring under negative circumstances could deteriorate one’s mental health(β=0.087,p<0.001).FE and FE-IV models indicated that overall,retiring reduced retirees’depression(β=−0.096,p<0.001 andβ=−0.261,p<0.001,respectively).The results of FE-IV models showed that adults planning to retire in the next two years experienced less depression compared with others in the workforce(λ=−0.313,p<0.01).These adults must have adjusted their lifestyles in response to their impending retirement,thereby evincing Ashenfelter’s dip.Two years after retirement,when the“honeymoon”phase was over,retirees may have completely adapted to their new lives and the effect of retirement was no longer important.Conclusions Retirement improves mental health before it happens,but not after.Increasing the pension eligibility age may postpone the beneficial effects of retirement on health.However,policy implications should be tailored according to the unique situations of each country,job sector,and population.Providing flexible schemes regarding retirement timing decisions would be better than a generalized retirement policy.展开更多
NEWTON’s laws of motion predicted that light would travel faster from a moving source—it doesn’t.Einstein was convinced that unruly electrons had no place in an orderly,understandable universe.Both assumed that hum...NEWTON’s laws of motion predicted that light would travel faster from a moving source—it doesn’t.Einstein was convinced that unruly electrons had no place in an orderly,understandable universe.Both assumed that human knowledge could be perfected,mathematically,and that a coherent scientific account of the world we find ourselves in,not only exists,but is available and open to dedicated human enquiry.This paper argues that Hume,Kant and recent work on Hubble’s Constant render this idealistic position untenable.The remedy proposed is not to tighten scientific definitions ever further,but to reposition Science so as to prioritise the biosphere.This entails placing the process of living organisms centre stage,since they defy the Second Law of Thermodynamics,thereby reducing Uncertainty for all—an approach best exemplified in clinical medicine,where despite unbridgeable gaps in medical knowledge,healing can and does take place.Using Quaker insights developed in the 1650s,a non-theological pathway is offered which emphasises human creativity and social cohesion.Unhappily psychiatry today,under the guise of being 100%scientific in the Einstein way,discards three counts of millennial medical wisdom,with catastrophic consequences,as shown by scientifically valid data.A healthier approach to mental and social health,emphasising trust and consent,is described.展开更多
该文对B/S模式下心理预警系统的构建过程进行了分析。系统基于B/S模式,集在线测评、学习、宣传、管理于一体,实现了无纸化的心理学问卷调查,并能准确地计算测试结果。该系统运用了ASP.NET、SQL Server 2005数据库、网页设计等计算机技术...该文对B/S模式下心理预警系统的构建过程进行了分析。系统基于B/S模式,集在线测评、学习、宣传、管理于一体,实现了无纸化的心理学问卷调查,并能准确地计算测试结果。该系统运用了ASP.NET、SQL Server 2005数据库、网页设计等计算机技术,将心理学研究成果赋予实体,具有较强的先进性和可扩展性。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71273157)and the Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University(Data-base Professional HSSDB1502).
文摘This data article describes data acquired from the Database of Youth Health(DYH)program.The DYH program consisted of a multi-wave survey conducted annually in the academic year 2015/2016,2016/2017,2017/2018,and 2020/2021 to investigate the status quo of health and health-related behaviors of Chinese junior and senior high school students.A total of 99,327 students from 186 secondary schools in 17 cities of Shandong province participated in the survey.The dataset is longitudinal and consists of rich parameters in aspects of individual information,social-economic status,social interaction,nutrition and diet,psychological cognition,mental health,school adaptation,quality of life,spare-time physical activity,risk behaviors,and physical fitness evaluation results based on the National Student Physical Fitness and Health 2014.It is the first open shared dataset about Chinese adolescents’health and health-related behaviors.It would be valuable and beneficial for policy makers,educational institutions,and other stakeholders to generate or adjust the existing strategies for improving Chinese adolescents’wellbeing.
文摘AIMTo study impact of baseline mental health disease on hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment; and Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) changes with sofosbuvir- and interferon-based therapy. METHODSThis is a retrospective cohort study of participants from 5 studies enrolled from single center trials conducted at the Clinical Research Center of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States. All participants were adults with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection and naïve to HCV therapy. Two of the studies included HCV mono-infected participants only (SPARE, SYNERGY-A), and 3 included human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV co-infected participants only (ERADICATE, PFINPK, and ALBIN). Patients were treated for HCV with 3 different regimens: Sofosbuvir and ribavirin in the SPARE trial, ledipasvir and sofosbuvir in SYNERGY-A and ERADICATE trials, and pegylated interferon (IFN) and ribavirin for 48 wk in the PIFNPK and ALBIN trials. Participants with baseline mental health disease (MHD) were identified (defined as either a DSM IV diagnosis of major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder or requiring anti-depressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers or psychotropics prescribed by a psychiatrist). For our first aim, we compared sustained virologic response (SVR) and adherence (pill counts, study visits, and in 25 patients, blood levels of the sofosbuvir metabolite, GS-331007) within each study. For our second aim, only patients with HIV coinfection were evaluated. BDI scores were obtained pre-treatment, during treatment, and post-treatment among participants treated with sofosbuvir-based therapy, and compared to scores from participants treated with interferon-based therapy. Statistical differences for both aims were analyzed by Fisher’s Exact, and t-test with significance defined as a P value less than 0.05. RESULTSBaseline characteristics did not differ significantly between all participants with and without MHD groups treated with sofosbuvir-based therapy. Among patients treated with sofosbuvir-based therapy, the percentage of patients with MHD who achieved SVR was the same as those without (SPARE: 60.9% of those MHD compared to 67.6% in those without, P = 0.78; SYNERGY-A: 100% of both groups; ERADICATE: 100% compared to 97.1%). There was no statistically significant difference in pill counts, adherence to study visits between groups, nor mean serum concentrations of GS-331007 for each group at week 2 of treatment (P = 0.72). Among patients with HIV co-infection, pre-treatment BDI scores were similar among patients treated with sofosbuvir, and those treated with interferon (sofosbuvir-based 5.24, IFN-based 6.96; P = 0.14); however, a dichotomous effect on was observed during treatment. Among participants treated with directly acting antiviral (DAA)-based therapy, mean BDI scores decreased from 5.24 (pre-treatment) to 3.28 during treatment (1.96 decrease, P = 0.0034) and 2.82 post-treatment. The decrease in mean score from pre- to post-treatment was statistically significant (-2.42, P = 0.0012). Among participants treated with IFN-based therapy, mean BDI score increased from 6.96 at pre-treatment to 9.19 during treatment (an increase of 2.46 points, P = 0.1), and then decreased back to baseline post-treatment (mean BDI score 6.3, P = 0.54). Overall change in mean BDI scores from pre-treatment to during treatment among participants treated with DAA-based and IFN-therapy was statistically significant (-1.96 and +2.23, respectively; P = 0.0032). This change remained statistically significant when analysis was restricted to participants who achieved SVR (-2.0 and +4.36, respectively; P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONSofosbuvir-based therapy is safe and well tolerated in patients with MHD. A decline in BDI associated with sofosbuvir-based HCV treatment suggests additional MHD benefits, although the duration of these effects is unknown.
文摘Nearly half of the world’s population comprise youths. However, addressing their Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) remains a challenge. Globally countries are mandated to continually provide Youth Friendly Sexual and Reproductive Health services (YFSRHs) to the youth. The objective of this study was to assess and describe youth’s perspectives on a sustainable model for the provision of YFSRHs in Kenya. Data was collected among 400 youths aged 18 - 24 years in Embu and Kirinyaga counties, Kenya. A structured questionnaire was utilized as the data collection tool. Collected data was analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.4. Statistical threshold of P ≤ 0.05 was used. Overall the mean age of the study participants was ±standard deviation (SD) 21.2 ± 1.86 years. Majority of the participants’ perspective on the health care system sustainability was that the waiting time at the facility should be less than an hour, accessible geographically (less than a kilometre), affordable (≤20 Ksh.), and convenient working hours (weekday and weekends ratio 1:1). Advocacy was on health care provider’s attributes of politeness, welcoming, confidential and non-judgmental. The most preferred locations for the youth friendly centres by the participants were community and school based locations. Similarly, parental and community support was reported to highly contribute to sustained utilization and provision of the YFSRHs (P < 0.001). Unlike popular belief, 99.8% did not see the need for recreational facilities at the youth centres to ensure sustainability of the model. To ensure a sustainable model for the provision of YFSRHs, there is need for a multi-sectoral and stakeholder involvement that is;youth, health care system structure, health care service providers, parents and community. Further research is needed on parents and health care service provider’s perspectives on how to sustain the provision of YFSRH services.
基金provided by Project SOAR,a six-year cooperative agreement funded by the U.S.President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief(PEPFAR)the U.S.Agency for International Development(USAID,Agreement No.AID-OAA-A-14-00060)+1 种基金the Johns Hopkins Center for AIDS Research(P30AI094189)supported by the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number F31MH116821-01A1。
文摘Background:Safety protocols are an essential component of studies addressing violence and mental health but are rarely described in the published literature from Sub-Saharan Africa.We designed and implemented a safety protocol within Project YES!(Youth Engaging for Success),which enrolled 276 youth living with HIV(ages 15–24 years)in a randomized controlled trial of a peer-mentoring intervention across four HIV clinics in Ndola,Zambia.Methods:Youth who reported severe violence and/or suicidal thoughts on research surveys or during meetings with youth peer mentors(YPM)were referred to designated healthcare providers(HCP).We explored experiences with the safety protocol using:a)monitoring data of referrals,and b)in-depth interviews with youth(n=82),HCP(n=10),YPM(n=8),and staff(n=6).Descriptive statistics were generated and thematic analysis of coded transcripts and written memos performed.Results:Nearly half of youth enrolled(48%of females,41%of males)were referred to a HCP at least once.The first referral was most often for sexual violence(35%)and/or suicidal ideation/depression(29%).All referred youth aged 15–17 years and over 80%of referred youth aged 18+agreed to see a HCP.HCP referred 15%for additional services outside the clinic.Twenty-nine youth,all HCP,all YPM,and all staff interviewed discussed the safety protocol.Most youth felt“encouraged,”“helped,”“unburdened,”and“relieved”by their meetings with HCP;some expressed concerns about meeting with HCP.The safety protocol helped HCP recognize the need to integrate care for violence and mental health with medication adherence support.HCP,YPM,and study staff raised implementation challenges,including youth choosing not to open up to HCP,time and resource constraints,deficiencies in HCP training,and stigma and cultural norms inhibiting referrals outside the clinic for emotional trauma and mental health.Conclusions:Implementing a safety protocol within an HIV clinic-based research study is possible and beneficial for youth and HCP alike.Implementation challenges underscore that HCP in Zambia work in over-stretched healthcare systems.Innovative strategies must address deficiencies in training and resources within HIV clinics and gaps in coordination across services to meet the overwhelming need for violence and mental health services among youth living with HIV.
文摘Purpose and Motivation: Youth coaches continue to be among the most important influences in the lives of children and adolescents. This article looks at four specific youth coaching styles and how three of the coaching approaches evoke poor coping skills and weaken resiliency behaviors in children and adolescents. Problem: The authors present an overview of how youth coaching styles contribute to unconscious powerful Transactional Analysis (TA) life scripts that can negatively impact children into adulthood. The authors examine four unique coaching styles and their effect on the Winner, Loser, and Non-Winner life scripts found in the Transactional Analysis literature. Methods: While the literature is quite limited on this topic, themes and inferences were drawn from previously published professional literature. Results: Findings reflect how specific coaching styles may evoke winner, loser and non-winner scripts in young athletes, and that these scripts can influence children later in life. Conclusion: The authors recommend using the positive-structured coaching style in youth sports to promote resiliency, fun, and improved coping skills in youth playing sports.
基金funded by the European Commission through FP5(QLK6-CT-2001-00360)FP6(SHARE-I3:RII-CT-2006-062193,COMPARE:CIT5-CT-2005-028857,SHARELIFE:CIT4-CT-2006-028812)+1 种基金FP7(SHARE-PREP:No.211909,SHARE-LEAP:No.227822,SHARE M4:No.261982)funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research,the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science,the U.S.National Institute on Aging(U01 AG09740-13S2,P01 AG005842,P01 AG08291,P30 AG12815,r21 AG025169,Y1-AG-4553-01,IAG BSR06-11,OGHA 04-064,HHSN271201300071C)。
文摘Background Mental health issues among retirees have become increasingly concerning because the aging population presents a significant challenge globally,particularly in Western countries.Previous studies on this issue are plagued with bias owing to lacking panel data and estimation strategies.This study investigated the depression levels of European adults around the time of retirement.Methods We used data obtained from Waves 1-7 of the Survey of Health,Ageing,and Retirement in Europe(SHARE)to create panel data covering the 2004-2017 period.Wave 3(SHARELIFE)was excluded from the sample because it provided mismatched information.Fixed-effects(FE)and fixed-effects instrumental variables(FE-IV)models with multiple imputations were employed to examine the impacts of retirement on mental health before and after retirement,where being over pension age(normal and early)was used as the instrument variable.Results Our results indicated that retirement based on aspirational motivations(β=−0.115,p<0.001)and positive circumstances(β=−0.038,p<0.001)significantly reduced depression,whereas retiring under negative circumstances could deteriorate one’s mental health(β=0.087,p<0.001).FE and FE-IV models indicated that overall,retiring reduced retirees’depression(β=−0.096,p<0.001 andβ=−0.261,p<0.001,respectively).The results of FE-IV models showed that adults planning to retire in the next two years experienced less depression compared with others in the workforce(λ=−0.313,p<0.01).These adults must have adjusted their lifestyles in response to their impending retirement,thereby evincing Ashenfelter’s dip.Two years after retirement,when the“honeymoon”phase was over,retirees may have completely adapted to their new lives and the effect of retirement was no longer important.Conclusions Retirement improves mental health before it happens,but not after.Increasing the pension eligibility age may postpone the beneficial effects of retirement on health.However,policy implications should be tailored according to the unique situations of each country,job sector,and population.Providing flexible schemes regarding retirement timing decisions would be better than a generalized retirement policy.
文摘NEWTON’s laws of motion predicted that light would travel faster from a moving source—it doesn’t.Einstein was convinced that unruly electrons had no place in an orderly,understandable universe.Both assumed that human knowledge could be perfected,mathematically,and that a coherent scientific account of the world we find ourselves in,not only exists,but is available and open to dedicated human enquiry.This paper argues that Hume,Kant and recent work on Hubble’s Constant render this idealistic position untenable.The remedy proposed is not to tighten scientific definitions ever further,but to reposition Science so as to prioritise the biosphere.This entails placing the process of living organisms centre stage,since they defy the Second Law of Thermodynamics,thereby reducing Uncertainty for all—an approach best exemplified in clinical medicine,where despite unbridgeable gaps in medical knowledge,healing can and does take place.Using Quaker insights developed in the 1650s,a non-theological pathway is offered which emphasises human creativity and social cohesion.Unhappily psychiatry today,under the guise of being 100%scientific in the Einstein way,discards three counts of millennial medical wisdom,with catastrophic consequences,as shown by scientifically valid data.A healthier approach to mental and social health,emphasising trust and consent,is described.
文摘该文对B/S模式下心理预警系统的构建过程进行了分析。系统基于B/S模式,集在线测评、学习、宣传、管理于一体,实现了无纸化的心理学问卷调查,并能准确地计算测试结果。该系统运用了ASP.NET、SQL Server 2005数据库、网页设计等计算机技术,将心理学研究成果赋予实体,具有较强的先进性和可扩展性。
