Texture and Geochemistry of Multi-stage Hydrothermal Scheelite in the Mamupu Cu-Au-Mo(-W)Deposit,Eastern Tibet:Implications for Tungsten Mineralization in the Yulong Belt

Multistage tungsten mineralization was recently discovered in the Mamupu copper-polymetallic deposit in the southern Yulong porphyry copper belt(YPCB),Tibet.This study reports the results of cathodoluminescence,trace element and Sr isotope analyses of Mamupu scheelite samples,undertaken in order to better constrain the mechanism of W mineralization and the sources of the ore-forming fluids.Three different types of scheelite are identified in the Mamupu deposit:scheelite A(Sch A)mainly occurs in breccias during the prograde stage,scheelite B(Sch B)forms in the chlorite-epidote alteration zone in the retrograde stage,while scheelite C(Sch C)occurs in distal quartz sulfide veins.The extremely high Mo content and negative Eu anomaly in Sch A represent high oxygen fugacity in the prograde stage.Compared with ore-related porphyries,Sch A has a similar REE pattern,but with higher ΣREE,more depleted HREE and slightly lower(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i ratios.These features suggest that Sch A is genetically related to ore-related porphyries,but extensive interaction with carbonate surrounding rocks affects the final REE and Sr isotopic composition.Sch B shows dark(Sch B-I)and light(Sch B-II)domains under CL imaging.From Sch B-I to Sch B-II,LREEs are gradually depleted,with MREEs being gradually enriched.Sch C has the highest LREE/HREE ratio,which indicates that it inherited the geochemical characteristics of fluids after the precipitation of HREE-rich minerals,such as diopside and garnet,in the early prograde stage.The Mo content in Sch B and Sch C gradually decreased,indicating that the oxygen fugacity of the fluids changed from oxidative in the early stages to reductive in the later,the turbulent Eu anomaly in Sch B and Sch C indicating that the Eu anomaly in the Mamupu scheelite is not solely controlled by oxygen fugacity.The extensive interaction of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids and carbonate provides the necessary Ca^(2+)for the precipitation of scheelite in the Mamupu deposit.

Anomaly Models of Spatial Structures for Copper-Molybdenum Ore Deposits and their Application

This paper discusses the enrichment and depletion regularities for porphyry coppermolybdenum ore deposits in different regions and varied deposit genetic types in the same area, taking three porphyry copper-molybdenum ore deposits （i.e., the Chengmenshan in Jiangxi, Wunugetushan in Inner Mongolia, Baishantang in Gansu） and two copper deposits in Gansu Province （the Huitongshan skarn deposit and Gongpoquan composite deposit） as case studies. The results show that porphyry Cu-Mo deposits or skarn copper deposits include both enrichment of the ore-forming elements and associated elements, and depletion of some lithophile dispersed elements, rare earth elements （REE） and some major elements. And the depleted elements vary with deposits, having generality and their own features. On a deposit scale, the positive anomalies of enriched elements and negative anomalies of depleted elements follow in a sequence to comprise regular anomaly models of spatial structures. The exploration in the Tongchang deposit in Jiangxi and Huitongshan deposit in Gansu suggests that anomaly models play a key role in the identification of mineral occurrences and deposits compared to one single enriched element anomaly. And the anomaly models exert a critical effect on the optimization of prospecting targets and their potential evaluation.

SEDIMENTARY, MAGMATIC AND TECTONIC CONSTRAINTS ON THE FORMATION OF THE YULONG SUPPER0-LARGE PORPHYRY COPPER POLYMETAL DEPOSIT, EAST TIBET

The Yulong supper\|large copper deposit is situated within the well\|known S\|N striking Yulong copper\|molybdenum ore belt. The ore\|bearing biotite\|monogranitic porphyry was emplaced within clastic rocks (mainly shales and siltstones) of the Jiapila Formation (T 3 j ) and carbonate rocks of the Bolila Formation (T 3 b ) of the Upper Triassic. Five mineralization patterns have been recognized in the deposit, i.e., ①veinlet\|disseminated Cu\|Mo ore in the porphyry; ②skarn\|type Cu ore at the contact zone with carbonates (T 3 b ); ③stratiform\|like oxidized Cu ore between T 3 b carbonate rocks and T 3 j hornstones; ④brecciated Cu ore at the local periphery of porphyry; and ⑤vein Pb\|Zn\|Ag ore in the outer contact zone. They constitute a unique integrated polymetal mineralization series of epigenetic intermediate\|acid magmatic hydrothermal system.Studies have shown that the Yulong deposit was the coupling product of sedimentation, magmatism, and tectonism. The Cu\|bearing sandstones in the Japila Formation have provided partial ore\|bearing materials for the porphyry mineralization during the Himalayan period. The mineralized porphyry mass was passively emplaced and controlled by a nose\|like anticlinal trap opening to the north. The interlayered fractured zone formed during folding between the Jiapila and Bolila Formations acted as favorable host space for stratiform\|like skarn and oxidized ores. A large number of cleavages and fissures developed during folding provided both conduits for the circulation of ore\|forming fluids and host spaces for Pb\|Zn\|Ag ore veins. The veinlet\|disseminated Cu\|Mo ore in the porphyry mass owns the characteristics of typical porphyry copper deposits in the world. The veinlet\|disseminated ore body and the stratiform\|like skarn\|type and/or oxidized ore body, the two main ore bodies in Yulong, are connected with each other and shown as “mushroom\|like" shape, in which the former occurs as “mushroom stem" and the latter as “mushroom cover".

Geochronology and Geochemistry of the Mamupu Cu-Au Polymetallic Deposit,Eastern Tibet:Implications for Eocene Cu Metallogenesis in the Yulong Porphyry Copper Belt

The Mamupu skarn-type Cu-Au polymetallic deposit represents the first discovery of a medium deposit in the southern Yulong porphyry copper belt(YPCB),eastern Tibet.The Cu-Au mineralization mainly occurs as chalcopyrite in breccia,within the plate-like carbonate interlayer,being closely related to chloritization(e.g.,chlorite,magnetite and epidote)and skarnization(e.g.,diopside,tremolite and garnet).The ore-related quartz syenite porphyry(QSP)and granodiorite porphyry(GP)were emplaced at 40.1±0.2 Ma and 39.9±0.3 Ma,respectively.The QSP of Mamupu is an alkaline-rich intrusion,relatively enriched in LREE,LILE,depleted in HFSE,with no significant negative Eu and Ce anomalies,slightly high(^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr)i,lowε_(Nd)(t),uniform(^(206)Pb/^(204)Pb)i andε_(Hf)(t)values,which indicates that the porphyry magma may be caused by both the mixing of metasomatized EM II enriched mantle and thickened juvenile lower crust.The QSP in the Mamupu deposit shares a similar genesis of petrology to other ore-related porphyries within the YPCB.High oxygen fugacity and water content of the magmas are essential for the formation of porphyry and skarn Cu deposits.The QSP has similar high magmatic oxidation states and water content to the Yulong deposit,which indicates that the Mamupu has a high prospecting potential.Differences in the geological characteristics and scale of mineralization between the Mamupu and other YPCB deposits may be due to the different emplacement depths of ore-related intrusions,as well as differences in the surrounding rocks.

REMOTE SENSING RESEARCH ON NORTH PART OF THE YULONG COPPER DEPOSITS ZONE IN XIZANG (TIBET)

The zone of Yulong copper deposit is considered superlarge in scale all over the world, which is a part of Tethys to Himalaya Ore\|forming zone. The geological background of the Jinshajiang and Lancangjiang Faults provided utility for accumulated of copper, molybdenum and so on. The Yulong copper zone is the most important characteristic in the east Qinghai—Xizang Plateau (Tibet), which isabout 400km in length from north to south, and 30～70km in width from east to west. The structural channel for ores accumulation was constructed in Yanshan orogeny and the process of ore forming of the zone was mainly in Himalaya orogeny. The Yulong copper zone can be divided into three subzones, each named as north, south and east subzone which the north subzone is 50km in length of about NNW direction. Based on the geological interpretation (Fig.1), we understood that NW structures are distributed mainly in this area, then EW and NNW, and the sigmoid structures extended reflect their extrusion character. The EW and NNW structures are distributed in small scale and extended stable, which are cut to each other. The NNW structure was interpreted as undercover fracture, which may occurred earlier than NW one. Beside, of the structure, there are some differences in image tone, linear, relief, strata combination, structure pattern and so on. Therefore, the undercover fault played key efforts to Yulong copper formation.

Mineralogical Characteristics and Short-wave Infrared Spectra of Chlorite as Indicators of Hydrothermal Centers: A Case Study of the Giant Porphyry Copper-Molybdenum Deposit at Qulong, Tibet

The Qulong deposit in Tibet is one of the largest porphyry copper-molybdenum deposits in China. We used short-wave infrared(SWIR) spectroscopy to examine the spectral characteristics of the extensively developed chlorite in this deposit. X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe analyses were used for phase identification and to obtain the chemical composition, ion substitution relationships, and formation environment of the chlorite. SWIR spectral parameters were applied to detect the hydrothermal centers. The results indicate that the wavelength of the absorption feature for Qulong chlorite Fe-OH(Pos2250) range from 2240 to 2268.4 nm;the chlorite substitution relationships are dominated by Mg-Fe substitution at the octahedral sites together with Al;-Si substitution at the tetrahedral sites;the chlorite formation temperatures range within the medium-low temperature hydrothermal alteration range from 164 to 281°C, with an average value of 264℃;the wavelength of the chlorite peak position for Fe-OH(2250 nm) absorption and its chemical composition are positively correlated with Al^(Ⅵ), Fe + Al^(Ⅵ), Fe/(Fe + Mg), Fe, and Fe + Al^(Ⅳ)but negatively correlated with Mg and Mg/(Fe + Mg);and the wavelength associated with the chlorite Fe-OH(2250 nm) absorption feature is positively correlated with the temperature at which the chlorite formed. These correlations indicate that more Fe and Al^(Ⅵ) ions and fewer Mg ions at the octahedral sites of chlorite lead to a longer the wavelength of the chlorite Fe-OH(2250 nm) absorption feature and a higher chlorite formation temperature. The wavelength of the Qulong chlorite Fe-OH(2250 nm) absorption feature(>2252 nm) can thus serve as an exploration indicator to guide the detection of hydrothermal centers in porphyry copper deposits. The results of the study indicate that the mineralogical and SWIR spectral characteristics of chlorite are significant indicators for locating hydrothermal centers within porphyry deposits.

斑岩铜矿蚀变分带与成矿机制:玉龙矿床水-岩反应热力学平衡模拟例析

蚀变分带和成矿机制的准确厘定是建立斑岩成矿模型与找矿预测的关键。本文以新生代金沙江-哀牢山成矿带的玉龙斑岩铜矿为例,通过质量作用定律(LMA)和吉布斯自由能最小化模型(GEM),构建含矿热液与斑岩侵入体的pH-f O 2相图和动态传输模型,以揭示蚀变分带成因和金属成矿机制。LMA与GEM结果显示初始成矿流体pH值为4.7,logf_(O2)=-23.0(ΔFMQ=+2.7),且溶解Cu含量为1138×10^(-6),Mo为1.2×10^(-6)。研究表明,当该酸性及强氧化性流体流入二长花岗斑岩体时,在温度为450~360℃范围内,代表钾硅酸盐化蚀变的钾长石、黑云母、硬石膏、赤铁矿和磁铁矿的矿物逐渐沉淀,且与钾硅酸盐化蚀变相关流体具有较高pH值(5.0~7.0)和氧逸度(ΔFMQ=+2.9~+3.6)特征;当温度在360~320℃范围时,代表青磐岩化蚀变阶段的典型矿物如绿帘石、铁绿泥石和斜绿泥石等逐渐形成,流体pH值(5.0~6.4)和氧逸度(ΔFMQ=+1.1)均有所下降;当温度进一步从320℃下降到200℃时,流体pH值(5.0~5.7)进一步小幅下降,而氧逸度则(ΔFMQ=+1.7)略有回升,在此期间,绢云母和方解石等开始沉淀并形成典型的绢英岩化蚀变。此外,以HMoO_(4)^(-)和MoO_(4)^(2-)为载体的Mo在狭窄高温区间(450~370℃)内沉淀,而以CuCl(CuCl_(4)^(3-)、CuCl_(2)^(-)、CuCl)为主要载体的Cu则在在中、高温(450~300℃)范围中沉淀。通过利用LMA反演及GEM正演相结合定量化地刻画了玉龙斑岩铜矿水岩反应过程,由此揭示了斑岩矿床蚀变分带是逐渐冷却的单一岩浆热液与斑岩体不断反应的结果,且不同温度窗口对应着钾硅酸盐化(450~360℃)、青磐岩化(360~320℃)和绢英岩化(320~200℃)蚀变矿物的形成,故含矿流体温度的快速下降可能是玉龙铜矿蚀变叠加的重要因素。此外,Cu、Mo络合离子溶解度对温度变化的差异响应,导致了Mo矿化主要发育于靠近斑岩体的高温区域,而Cu则以网脉状-浸染状叠加到Mo矿化之上,并广泛分布于斑岩体周边的高-中温区域。

GEOLOGICAL FEATURES AND FORMATIVE MECHANISM OF THE YULONG PORPHYRY COPPER BELT OF INTRACONTINENTAL REJUVENATED PLATFORM TYPE IN CHINA

Extending in a NNW-SSE direction. the Yulong porphyry copper belt is the largest and richest porphyry copper belt in China, originating in the Paleogene. Tectonically located on the eastern margin of the northern Tibet geodepression. and nearly 500 km of the Himalayan Yarlung Zangbo plate subduction zone of nearly E-W trend. it is a relatively typical intracontinental rejuvenated platform-type porphyry copper belt. Ore-bearing porphyry masses in the belt mainly represented by monzogranite-porphyry occurring as stocks in variegated sandshale of the lower Upper Triassic Jiapila Fromation and its overlying and underlying copper-bearing strata. They are characterized by enrichment in K. CI and LREE. abundant fluid inclusions and a distinct porphyroblastic texture. The oxygen. hydrogen. strotium. lead and sulfur isotopic values of the rock show the feature of crust-mantle mixing.The Orebodies are plpe-shaped stratoid; the mineralization is dominated by Cu and Mo, accompanied by Fe. Co. Au. Ag. Bi. W. Pb. Zn. and Pt-group elements. Alteration is strong. marked mainly by potassic alteration, silicification. skarnization and propylitization. The formation of this type of deposit largely progressed through two stages. The first stage was the stage of formation of Cu-bearing source beds. It occurred in the Triassic. when a transgressive copper-bearing formation was deposited on the western margin of the Qamdo Bay. which was represented by intermediate-acid volcanic rocks and variegated sandshale in the lower part. dolomitic carbonate rocks in the middle and black carbonaceous sandshale in the upper part. In the second stage. composite porphyry copper deposits were formed. This stage took place in the Paleogene. when this district was in a stage of platform rejuvenation. forming a series of NNW-trending deep faults. so that Na, K. Cl. H2O and CO2-rich hydrothermal fluids from the depths were injected into the upper crust and replaced and melted copper-bearing sialic rocks of the upper crust. e. g. the Triassic copper-bearing rock series in the Yulong area. to form porphyroblastic cooper-bearing intermediate-acid porphyry.

西藏玉龙铜钼矿同位素年代学研究

西藏玉龙铜钼矿是三江地区玉龙成矿带上的超大型铜矿。随着矿区开采工作的启动,矿区外围的找矿工作也逐步展开。本文在矿区外围找矿项目中,采用高精度离子探针方法对矿区及外围的岩体进行了年代学测试,获得玉龙铜钼矿两件含矿黑云母二长花岗斑岩的成岩年龄分别为43.0±0.5Ma(MSWD=1.3)、43.8±0.7Ma(MSWD=2.6);矿区外围北部甘龙拉地区石英二长花岗斑岩成岩年龄为43.9±0.6Ma(MSWD=1.19),矿区外围南部的纳加扎地区黑云母二长花岗斑岩成岩年龄为41.4±0.6Ma(MSWD=1.6)。表明玉龙斑岩铜钼矿带岩体主要于中始新世沿碰撞产生的拉分盆地侵入、就位,并且具有由北向南逐渐演化的趋势。矿区北部地区具有一定的找矿潜力。结合三江地区其他矿床的年代学数据和动力学背景,认为以玉龙铜钼矿为中心往北及往南均存在较大的找矿潜力。

西藏玉龙斑岩铜钼矿辉钼矿铼-锇同位素定年及其成矿学意义

玉龙铜钼矿床是金沙江—红河斑岩铜矿带北部的一个超大型铜钼矿,也是我国目前最大的几个铜矿之一。玉龙铜矿曾经作为我国新生代最典型的斑岩铜矿,在西南三江及冈底斯斑岩铜矿带的地质找矿工作中起到了典型示范作用;但与其成矿作用有关的科学问题还尚待进行深入研究,精确的成矿时代及其成矿演化历史就是其中主要课题之一。文章对采自矿区钻孔的5件辉钼矿样品进行铼-锇同位素定年,得到的等时线年龄为(41.6±1.4)Ma。5件样品的模式年龄表明,玉龙超大型铜钼矿床成矿作用的时间跨度约为1.5Ma,说明成矿作用是在较短时期内完成,反映了独特的成矿背景和成矿机制;成矿时代也表明玉龙铜钼矿形成于早喜马拉雅阶段变形变质造山高峰期与中喜马拉雅阶段变形变质造山高峰期之间,反映了独特的成矿背景和成矿机制。

西藏玉龙铜钼矿区斑岩体Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

文章对西藏玉龙斑岩铜钼矿含矿斑岩体及外围岩体进行了系统的锆石Hf同位素原位分析,测得玉龙含矿斑岩体的176Hf/177Hf值为0.282681～0.282884,εHf(t)为1.60～4.86,矿区外围北部甘龙拉石英二长斑岩岩体176Hf/177Hf值为0.282812～0.282884,εHf(t)为2.39～4.92,矿区外围南部的纳加扎Y3石英二长斑岩岩体176Hf/177Hf值为0.282449～0.282894,εHf(t)为0.81～10.51,Hf同位素测试结果与亏损地幔地球化学储库的Hf同位素特征较为相似,表明本区成矿斑岩的源岩或源区可能来自亏损地幔,结合区域地球物理资料,认为玉龙斑岩铜矿带斑岩体是由软流圈上涌及其诱发的强烈底侵作用,使得本区地壳增厚继而发生部分熔融而形成。

西藏玉龙斑岩铜(钼)矿床物质来源研究

本文运用多种地球化学方法,分析所掌握的有关数据,以玉龙斑岩铜(钼)矿床的主要矿体—斑岩型和矽卡岩-次生富集型矿体为主要研究对象,追索玉龙矿床成矿物质的来源。最终判定玉龙矿床成矿物质主要来源于下地壳或上地幔,有少量上地壳围岩物质加入。但在不同类型的矿体中,不同来源的物质所占比例存在差异。

岩浆熔融体性质及演化在成矿过程中的作用——以西藏玉龙斑岩铜(钼)矿床为例

玉龙斑岩铜 (钼 )矿床是亚洲最大的斑岩型铜矿床 ,包含多种矿化类型 ,成矿作用复杂。作为典型的斑岩型矿床 ,岩浆熔融体的性质在玉龙铜矿床的形成过程中起到了至关重要的作用。本文将分别从岩浆熔融体的物理和化学性质出发 ,解释玉龙矿床为何能成为玉龙成矿带中唯一一个超大型矿床的原因。在熔体演化方面 ,笔者主要通过对熔体密度、粘度的计算获得有关数据 ,以了解熔体运移、含矿流体分离的过程 。

藏东玉龙斑岩铜矿地质特征及成矿模型

西藏玉龙斑岩铜矿是世界级超大型铜矿,从其发现开始迄今,众多学者对其展开了深入研究,积累了大量的资料。随着玉龙铜矿开发进入全面实质性阶段,迫切地需要对玉龙铜矿的研究成果进行系统的归纳总结,分析成矿地质特征以及成矿模式,以便指明玉龙铜矿的找矿方向,达到增加储量满足后续开发的需求。笔者利用Micromine软件建立了主要矿体的三维立体模型,分析了矿体以及矿石类型三维空间分布规律。通过总结常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素以及流体包裹体地球化学特征,分析同位素测年,厘定矿床成矿时代,建立出玉龙斑岩铜矿成矿模式。该模式的建立对于玉龙斑岩铜矿乃至三江地区斑岩铜矿床找矿突破和潜力评价具有重要的指导意义和应用价值。

藏东玉龙斑岩铜矿床多期流体演化与成矿的流体包裹体证据

通过对王龙斑岩铜矿石英斑晶、辉钼矿石英脉中流体包裹体岩相学、包裹体显微测温分析、包裹体成分的激光拉曼探针分析及包裹体中子矿物的扫描电镜/能谱分析,发现矿化斑岩石英斑晶中发育多期流体包裹体。斑晶中除流体包裹体外尚可见少量熔体包裹体,与斑岩期矿化有关的成矿流体以中高温(200～537℃)、高盐度(29.6～44.7 wt%NaCleq)为特征,与粘土化蚀变有关的流体包裹体以低温、富 Ca 为特征,不同气相充填度的气液两相包裹体与高盐度含子矿物多相包裹体共存,且具有相似的均一温度,显示不混溶流体包裹体特征。温度、压力降低引起的流体不混溶是造成斑岩型矿化矿质沉淀的主要因素,斑岩期流体与浅成低温热液期流体形成于统一的流体系统,为同源演化结果。

SHRIMP锆石年代学对西藏玉龙斑岩铜矿成矿年龄的制约

锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年结果表明,玉龙岩体侵入时限至少为2．6Ma,其中成矿前石英二长斑岩的年龄为43．6±0．8Ma,成矿期黑云母二长花岗斑岩的年龄为41．0Ma±1．0Ma,代表了两幕较大的岩浆活动。玉龙斑岩铜矿主体成矿年龄约为40Ma,长时限多期幕式岩浆侵入和成矿期物理化学条件的剧变,是形成玉龙超大型斑岩铜矿的主要原因。玉龙斑岩铜矿与金沙江-红河成矿带众多新生代斑岩铜矿一样,属于印度-亚欧大陆45Ma陆陆主体碰撞之后第一次大规模应力释放的产物。

西藏玉龙上三叠统甲丕拉组沉积特征及铜矿质的初步富集

西藏玉龙铜矿带以班岩铜矿带闻名于世，而对成矿带中最具工业价值的似层状氧化矿体的研究较少。在“国家计委′９５重大项目专题研究”的最新基础资料和研究成果基础上，我们首次提出了西藏东部上三叠统甲丕拉组的“沉积矿质初步富集”，并以玉龙铜矿床似层状矿体的解剖阐述它与玉龙铜矿带的关系。

斑岩型铜矿找矿预测中环形构造的示矿作用——以玉龙—马拉松多子区为研究区

在斑岩型铜矿资源潜力评价中,斑岩体是圈定铜矿最小找矿预测区的重要依据。研究表明,遥感图像上的许多环形影像与岩浆活动(包括斑岩体)有关。为了快速进行斑岩型铜矿成矿预测,利用遥感技术在西藏玉龙—马拉松多斑岩型铜矿周边地区开展了找矿预测。首先建立了环形构造的遥感解译标志;然后开展了环形构造的解译工作,研究了该区环形构造的展布特征;最后总结了由环形构造推断斑岩体的标志。结果表明,遥感解译的环形构造为该区斑岩型铜矿最小找矿预测区的圈定提供了重要依据。

玉龙斑岩铜矿含矿与非含矿斑岩元素和同位素地球化学对比研究

地质地球化学对比研究表明,玉龙含矿与非舍矿斑岩是由岩石圈地慢中交代成因的金云母-石榴石单斜辉石岩脉发生不同程度部分熔融而形成的。分矿斑岩是最早阶段熔融体,主要是由交代成因脉中副矿物(如磷灰石和碳酸盐矿物等)和舍水矿物金云母发生部分熔融而形成的,因而富含 F、Cl 和水等挥岌份,加上该阶段岩浆具有高氧化性特征,从而富含 Cu 等成矿元素;非含矿斑岩是交代成固咏相对较高熔融程度的产物,单斜辉石和石榴石介入了熔融作用,岩浆熔体相对贫乏F、Cl 和水等挥发份,加上该阶段岩浆具有较低的 f_(0_2),从而不利于成矿。斑岩体全岩的 F 和 Cl 含量(舍矿斑岩 F>1200 ppm,Cl>150 ppm;非含矿斑岩 F<1200 ppm,Cl<150 ppm)、K_2O/Na_2O(含矿斑岩>1.2,非含矿斑岩<1.2)和 Sm/Yb(含矿斑岩>6.5,非含矿斑岩<6.5)比值以及黑云母中的 Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)比值(含矿斑岩>0.7,非舍矿斑岩<0.7)是区分含矿与非含矿斑岩的重要地球化学参数。含矿斑岩与非分矿斑岩具有非常相似的 Sr-Nd-Pb 同位素组成,,表明含矿与非含矿班岩具有相同的源区。

西藏玉龙铜矿床——鼻状构造圈闭控制的特大型矿床

文章研究了背斜圈闭构造控制玉龙斑岩-矽卡岩型铜(钼)矿的形成和矿体的分布。通过对成矿体系中各矿体的产出和形态特征、矿床地球化学原生晕分布特征、圈闭构造的古构造应力场恢复等的研究,认为玉龙铜矿的斑岩型(Ⅰ号矿体)、矽卡岩型(Ⅱ、Ⅴ号似层状原生矿体、Ⅴ号矿体上层矿体)、矽卡岩-次生氧化富集型(Ⅱ、Ⅴ号似层状次生氧化矿体)、角岩型(接触带角岩中硫化物矿体)、隐爆角砾岩型等矿体的分布受甘龙拉背斜的南段倾伏端的构造圈闭控制。因此,超大型玉龙铜(钼)矿床的形成与良好的背斜圈闭构造有关。