Dark mudstones and shales of the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation are widely developed in northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, SW China. However, the distribution, reservoir characterization, and exploration potential ...Dark mudstones and shales of the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation are widely developed in northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, SW China. However, the distribution, reservoir characterization, and exploration potential of organic-rich shales in this area are yet to be quantified, thus limiting the prospect of shale gas in this area. This study investigates the basic geological conditions of Jiusi shale gas, using core data, well-logs, and some other test data, obtaining the following results. The organic-rich shales are mainly composed of deltaic-to-shallow-shelf deposits, with thickness ranging from 0 to 450 m, and above 350 m around the subsidence center. The organic matter is mainly type Ⅱ kerogen with TOC content of mostly 1%–2%, indicating a moderate maturity. The argillaceous shale reservoirs are indicative of strong heterogeneity, high clay minerals content, low porosity, low permeability, high specific surface area, and relatively developed secondary porosity. The gas-log anomaly intervals obtained from the survey wells have a cumulative thickness that is apparently greater than 200 m, and a few shale intervals showing high desorbed and adsorbed gas contents. Due to complex structures in the study area, conditions responsible for shale gas occurrence and trapping are generally moderate. However, areas having wide and gentle folds with moderate depth of burial reveals relatively favorable conditions of hydrocarbon traps. In contrast with typical marine-continental transitional shales, the Jiusi shale have better geological conditions for shale gas preservation. The analysis of the geological framework and hydrocarbon potential of Carboniferous Jiusi Formation provide more insight for the exploration of Carboniferous shale gas in southern China.展开更多
During the War of Liberation,the liberated areas,under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,kept deepening and developing the concepts and ideas of protecting human rights,promulgated a series of human right...During the War of Liberation,the liberated areas,under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,kept deepening and developing the concepts and ideas of protecting human rights,promulgated a series of human rights laws and related administrative programs,and put them into practice.The contents included not only the political rights of citizens but also their economic,social,and cultural rights,with emphasis on the protection of the rights to subsistence and development.The human rights legislation in the liberated areas has a wartime and class-based nature due to its social environment.It reflects the transition of the Communist Party of China from a revolutionary party to a ruling party on the historical stage.It played an important role in directing,advancing,and promoting the progress of democracy and the rule of law at that time and accumulated experience for the human rights legislation after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.History proves that the Communist Party of China has always been a political party dedicated to fighting for the human rights of the Chinese people,and only the Communist Party of China can lead China’s human rights development to a deeper level.展开更多
Background: Border malaria is one of the most intractable problems hindering malaria elimination worldwide.Movement of both the human population and anopheline mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium spp.can cause cross-b...Background: Border malaria is one of the most intractable problems hindering malaria elimination worldwide.Movement of both the human population and anopheline mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium spp.can cause cross-border malaria transmission.The Yunnan border area was still hyperendemic for malaria in the early part of this century.The objective of this case study was to analyze the strategies,interventions and impacts of malaria control and elimination in the Yunnan border area.Main text: A total of 10,349 malaria cases and 17.1 per 10,000 person-years of annual parasite incidence(API)were reported in the border area in 2003.Based on natural village-based stratification,integrated interventions,including mass drug administration for radical cures and preventive treatment,clinically presumptive treatment of all febrile patients for malaria and indoor residual spraying or dipping bed nets with insecticides were successfully carried out from 2003 to 2013.The overall API was reduced to 0.6 per 10,000 person-years by 2013,while effective cross-border collaboration interventions dramatically reduced the malaria burden in the neighbouring border areas of Myanmar.From 2014 forward,the comprehensive strategy,including universal coverage of surveillance to detect malaria cases,a rapid response to possible malaria cases and effective border collaboration with neighbouring areas,successfully eliminated malaria and prevented reintroduction of malaria transmission in the Yunnan border area.Conclusions: In Yunnan malaria burden has successfully reduced by dynamically accurate stratification and comprehensive interventions;and then the region achieved elimination and prevented reintroduction of malaria transmission through intensive surveillance,rapid response and border collaboration.Other border areas should perform their own intervention trials to develop their own effective strategy.展开更多
基金supported by National Science and Technology Major Project entitled Test and Application Promotion of Shale Gas Exploration and Evaluation Techniques(No.2016ZX05034)a project organized by the China Geological Survey entitled Shale Gas Geological Survey in Northeastern Yunnan(No.DD20190080).
文摘Dark mudstones and shales of the Carboniferous Jiusi Formation are widely developed in northern Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, SW China. However, the distribution, reservoir characterization, and exploration potential of organic-rich shales in this area are yet to be quantified, thus limiting the prospect of shale gas in this area. This study investigates the basic geological conditions of Jiusi shale gas, using core data, well-logs, and some other test data, obtaining the following results. The organic-rich shales are mainly composed of deltaic-to-shallow-shelf deposits, with thickness ranging from 0 to 450 m, and above 350 m around the subsidence center. The organic matter is mainly type Ⅱ kerogen with TOC content of mostly 1%–2%, indicating a moderate maturity. The argillaceous shale reservoirs are indicative of strong heterogeneity, high clay minerals content, low porosity, low permeability, high specific surface area, and relatively developed secondary porosity. The gas-log anomaly intervals obtained from the survey wells have a cumulative thickness that is apparently greater than 200 m, and a few shale intervals showing high desorbed and adsorbed gas contents. Due to complex structures in the study area, conditions responsible for shale gas occurrence and trapping are generally moderate. However, areas having wide and gentle folds with moderate depth of burial reveals relatively favorable conditions of hydrocarbon traps. In contrast with typical marine-continental transitional shales, the Jiusi shale have better geological conditions for shale gas preservation. The analysis of the geological framework and hydrocarbon potential of Carboniferous Jiusi Formation provide more insight for the exploration of Carboniferous shale gas in southern China.
基金a phased achievement of the key project of the National Social Science Fund of China,“Study on Developing‘Fengqiao Experience’in the New Era”(21AZD083)
文摘During the War of Liberation,the liberated areas,under the leadership of the Communist Party of China,kept deepening and developing the concepts and ideas of protecting human rights,promulgated a series of human rights laws and related administrative programs,and put them into practice.The contents included not only the political rights of citizens but also their economic,social,and cultural rights,with emphasis on the protection of the rights to subsistence and development.The human rights legislation in the liberated areas has a wartime and class-based nature due to its social environment.It reflects the transition of the Communist Party of China from a revolutionary party to a ruling party on the historical stage.It played an important role in directing,advancing,and promoting the progress of democracy and the rule of law at that time and accumulated experience for the human rights legislation after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.History proves that the Communist Party of China has always been a political party dedicated to fighting for the human rights of the Chinese people,and only the Communist Party of China can lead China’s human rights development to a deeper level.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81560543 and 81673113).
文摘Background: Border malaria is one of the most intractable problems hindering malaria elimination worldwide.Movement of both the human population and anopheline mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium spp.can cause cross-border malaria transmission.The Yunnan border area was still hyperendemic for malaria in the early part of this century.The objective of this case study was to analyze the strategies,interventions and impacts of malaria control and elimination in the Yunnan border area.Main text: A total of 10,349 malaria cases and 17.1 per 10,000 person-years of annual parasite incidence(API)were reported in the border area in 2003.Based on natural village-based stratification,integrated interventions,including mass drug administration for radical cures and preventive treatment,clinically presumptive treatment of all febrile patients for malaria and indoor residual spraying or dipping bed nets with insecticides were successfully carried out from 2003 to 2013.The overall API was reduced to 0.6 per 10,000 person-years by 2013,while effective cross-border collaboration interventions dramatically reduced the malaria burden in the neighbouring border areas of Myanmar.From 2014 forward,the comprehensive strategy,including universal coverage of surveillance to detect malaria cases,a rapid response to possible malaria cases and effective border collaboration with neighbouring areas,successfully eliminated malaria and prevented reintroduction of malaria transmission in the Yunnan border area.Conclusions: In Yunnan malaria burden has successfully reduced by dynamically accurate stratification and comprehensive interventions;and then the region achieved elimination and prevented reintroduction of malaria transmission through intensive surveillance,rapid response and border collaboration.Other border areas should perform their own intervention trials to develop their own effective strategy.
