Synthesis of ZSM-22/SAPO-11 composite molecular sieve-based catalysts with small crystallites and superior n-alkane hydroisomerization performance

To improve oil quality,ZSM-22/SAPO-11 composite molecular sieves were synthesized by adding ZSM-22 into a synthetic gel of SAPO-11 for n-decane hydroisomerization.The mass ratios of ZSM-22/(ZSM-22+SAPO-11)in the composite molecular sieves were optimized and the optimal ZSM-22/SAPO-11 composite(ZS-9)was obtained.The electrostatic repulsions between the ZSM-22 precursors and the SAPO-11 crystalline nuclei produced small ZSM-22 and SAPO-11 crystallites in ZS-9,which increased the specific surface area and mesopore volume and thereby exposed more acid sites.In comparison with conventional SAPO-11,ZSM-22 and their mechanical mixture,ZS-9 with smaller crystallites and the optimal medium and strong Brønsted acid centers(MSBAC)content displayed a higher yield of branched C_(10) isomers(81.6%),lower cracking selectivity(11.9%)and excellent stability.The correlation between the i-C_(10) selectivity and the MSBAC density of molecular sieves indicated that the selectivity for branched C_(10) isomers first increased and then decreased with increasing MSBAC density on the molecular sieves,and the maximum selectivity(87.7%)occurred with a density of 9.6×10^(−2)μmol m^(−2).

Investigation of ZSM-5/MCM-41 Composite Molecular Sieve for Reducing Olefin Content of FCC Gasoline

ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve was prepared by the nano-assembling method.The ZSM-5 molecular sieve,the MCM-41 molecular sieve,the ZSM-5/MCM-41 mechanical mixture and the ZSM-5/MCM-41 composite molecular sieve were characterized by X-ray powder diffractometry,N_2 adsorption isotherms,temperature programmed desorption of ammonia and scanning electron microscopy and their properties were analyzed.Using FCC gasoline as the feed,activities of different molecular sieves for reducing olefin content were investigated in a continuous high-pressure micro-reactor unit under the following conditions:a reaction temperature of 400℃,a reaction time of 2 h,a weight hourly space velocity of 3h^(-1),and a reaction pressure of 2.0 MPa.The results showed that the HMCM-41 molecular sieve had low reaction performance,and the HZSM-5 molecular sieve demonstrated high aromatization activity,while the ZSM-5/MCM- 41 composite molecular sieve exhibited a best olefin-reducing performance because of its high isomerization activity and moderate aromatization activity.With a largest olefin-reducmg capability and a reasonable distribution of products,the composite molecular sieve was more suitable for FCC gasoline upgrading compared to other three catalysts.

ZSM-5分子筛对典型涂装VOCs的吸附性能及机理研究

通过水热法成功合成了一系列宽硅铝比(50、100、150、300、500、800、1500、3000)的ZSM-5分子筛,旨在研究其对涂装行业典型挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的吸附规律。同时,结合分子筛表面的酸性位点,以解析硅铝比对分子筛吸附性能的影响机制。实验结果表明,丙酮的吸附能力主要受自身极性、支链结构和分子筛表面酸位点的影响。而乙酸丁酯、苯乙烯、对二甲苯、苯、甲苯的吸附性能会同时受到自身的分子量、分子直径、极性、分子结构和官能团的影响,分子量和分子直径大、极性强且具有支链结构的VOCs更容易被ZSM-5分子筛吸附。这6种VOCs中,ZSM-5分子筛对丙酮的吸附效果最好,硅铝比对其吸附性能的影响也最大。这是因为丙酮比其他VOCs更容易吸附在Lewis酸位点上,硅铝比的改变会影响酸位点的数量。低硅铝比的分子筛由于具有较多的酸位点,更适用于丙酮的吸附。

多级孔ZSM-5纳米晶团聚体分子筛的合成与优化研究

采用纳米粒子自组装策略,选择传统微孔模板剂四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)为单一模板剂和廉价的硅溶胶为硅源,合成了多级孔ZSM-5纳米晶团聚体分子筛。考察了硅铝摩尔比和体系Na^(+)摩尔分数对纳米晶团聚体ZSM-5分子筛形貌的影响,并追踪了不同晶化时间下纳米晶团聚体的形成过程,最后利用XRD､SEM和氮气吸附/脱附等表征手段对所合成分子筛的性质进行分析。结果表明,低硅铝摩尔比有利于纳米晶团聚体分子筛的形成,同时合成体系中的Na^(+)对团聚体的形成具有重要作用。经优化调控后,小试可合成固体收率达94.2%的ZSM-5纳米晶团聚体分子筛,经3 L合成釜进行40倍的放大合成可成功获得高结晶度､高产率的产品。

ZSM-5基复合分子筛催化裂解制低碳烯烃研究进展

系统介绍了ZSM-5基复合分子筛的合成方法;针对典型的核-壳结构和微-介孔结构,阐述了复合结构对其孔隙结构、酸性质和水热稳定性等的调控方法和规律。在此基础上,详细综述了复合分子筛在甲醇、轻烃、生物质及其混合原料催化裂解制低碳烯烃领域的应用,提出复合分子筛催化材料未来发展前景。

片状ZSM-5分子筛的合成及其催化苯酚甲醇烷基化反应性能

采用晶种诱导及矿化剂辅助方法合成了一系列具有不同b轴厚度及不同硅铝原子比的片状ZSM-5分子筛,通过SEM、XRD、N2吸附-脱附及NH3-TPD等方法对合成的分子筛进行表征,并将其用于苯酚甲醇烷基化反应中,考察了不同b轴厚度和硅铝原子比对催化反应稳定性及甲酚选择性的影响。实验结果表明,硅铝原子比为100、b轴厚度为20 nm的片状ZSM-5分子筛在该反应中表现出较好的催化性能及良好的容碳能力,苯酚转化率可达43%以上,甲酚选择性达51%,分子筛寿命超300 h。

Ni-MgO复合改性对HZSM-5分子筛催化性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni和MgO改性的HZSM-5催化剂,考察Ni和MgO含量对甲醇制备丙烯的影响,并利用XRD、SEM、BET、NH 3-TPD等方法考察了Ni和MgO对HZSM-5分子筛的酸强度和结构的影响,结果表明,少量的Ni-Mg复合改性的HZSM-5分子筛MFI结构没有改变,但有效改变了催化剂的酸强度和孔径结构,显著降低催化剂中强酸含量,微孔孔径由0.5105 nm降为0.5016 nm,0.5%Ni-0.5%Mg/HZSM-5分子筛表现出较佳的丙烯选择性,丙烯的选择性提高了11.5%。

减少模板剂合成ZSM-5分子筛技术研究

ZSM-5分子筛拥有良好的结构选择功能和裂解活性,在精细化工制备和原油精炼等领域广泛应用。目前,主要采用水热法合成上百种不同拓扑结构的分子筛晶体,其形态取决于模板剂的选择。但有机模板剂的应用却对环境和生产成本存在着不利影响。因此,研究了减少模板剂的ZSM-5分子筛合成工艺。研究结果表明:选择适宜的晶种、减少有机模板剂用量,可成功合成出物性指标合格的ZSM-5分子筛,产品结晶度在90以上。最佳合成工艺条件为升温速率90℃·h^(-1)、搅拌方式50 r·min^(-1)、陈化时间90 min、加料速率40 g·min^(-1),合成产品用于二甲苯异构化催化剂制备,活性和稳定性指标参数的平均值为PX/∑X=23.73%、EBC=63.90%,高于目前商业化的工业参比催化剂,达到国内先进水平。

晶种辅助预晶化法合成纳米ZSM-5分子筛及其在丙烷芳构化反应中的应用

在丙烷芳构化反应中,常规分子筛催化剂易积炭失活,导致催化性能及使用寿命均不理想。采用全硅分子筛Silicalite-1(S-1)作为晶种,结合晶种法和预晶化法合成了纳米ZSM-5分子筛(ZSM-5-Nano)。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和N2物理吸/脱附表征了ZSM-5-Nano的结构。结果表明,ZSM-5-Nano是由粒径为50 nm左右的小颗粒堆积而成的,其比表面积高达395 m^(2)/g,同时富含晶间介孔。将ZSM-5-Nano负载Zn后得到催化剂Zn-ZSM-5-Nano,然后在固定床反应器中评价了该催化剂在丙烷芳构化反应(n(N_(2)):n(C_(3)H_(8))=7:3、空速为3000 h^(-1)、反应温度为550℃)中的催化性能。结果表明,Zn/ZSM-5-Nano拥有相对温和的酸性质,在丙烷芳构化反应中表现出了良好的催化性能,5 h内的丙烷转化率和轻芳烃(苯、甲苯和二甲苯)选择性分别高达88.4%和86.7%,且在5 h内基本不失活,催化性能优于微米ZSM-5分子筛(水热法)负载Zn催化剂和纳米ZSM-5分子筛(预晶化法)负载Zn催化剂。构效分析结果表明,Zn/ZSM-5-Nano的形貌和酸性共同作用提升了其催化性能,更短的扩散距离和更温和的酸性有效延缓了积炭的生成。

多级孔ZSM-5分子筛催化餐厨废油制备轻质芳烃的研究

采用水热法合成不同硅铝摩尔比的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛,并对其结构进行表征,考察不同硅铝摩尔比多级孔ZSM-5分子筛对餐厨废油模型化合物(WCOMC)制备苯、甲苯和二甲苯(3种物质统称BTX)的影响。结果表明:L-赖氨酸的加入提高了多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的传质效率,其硅铝摩尔比的变化有效地调节了多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的酸性,且多级孔ZSM-5分子筛的酸性影响目标产物的分布和反应体系的稳定性。随着温度的升高,芳烃的相对含量提高,在600℃条件下多级孔ZSM-5-40分子筛催化WCOMC制备BTX的相对含量最高,为20.3%。

纳米薄层ZSM-5分子筛的制备及甲醇制丙烯反应性能

利用我国丰富的煤炭资源经甲醇制取丙烯,是一条重要的丙烯生产替代路线,其关键在于高效催化剂的研发。本文采用双子季铵盐C18-6-6Br2模板剂合成出二维层状堆积结构的纳米薄层ZSM-5分子筛。与亚微米级的ZSM-5分子筛相比,纳米薄层ZSM-5分子筛晶体在b轴方向上的厚度明显降低(仅为20nm左右),提高了催化剂的扩散性。应用于甲醇制丙烯(MTP)反应,相比于亚微米级ZSM-5分子筛A样品,纳米薄层ZSM-5分子筛B样品的丙烯选择性(48.3%v.s.40.1%)和催化寿命(170hv.s.80h)均显著提升,这为工业甲醇制丙烯催化剂的设计开发提供了新的思路。

粉煤灰为原料ZSM-5分子筛的制备及应用

利用低成本的原料生产高催化剂性能的分子筛一直是业界关注的焦点。将工业废物资源化利用与分子筛制备相结合,可达到一举两得的效果。以NaOH处理宁东能源化工基地粉煤灰,得到的硅铝凝胶作为ZSM-5分子筛合成原料的铝源和部分硅源。通过对NaOH用量考察,发现ZSM-5分子筛合成时不再需要额外添加NaOH。在硅铝凝胶中补充硅溶胶,并按比例加入模板剂(TPABr)和水即可合成ZSM-5分子筛。采用4水平9因素的均匀设计,考察晶化温度、晶化时间、模板剂及水用量等因素的影响。二次回归优化后,得出最佳合成条件。在晶化时间60 h、晶化温度190℃、TPABr用量5.4 g和水用量18 mL最佳条件下,对再次合成的ZSM-5分子筛进行表征,产品为长度(35~40)μm长条形纯净无杂晶的ZSM-5分子筛。并将制得的ZSM-5分子筛催化剂用于制备乙酸乙酯,在反应温度130℃、反应时间90 min、酸醇比1∶3和催化剂用量5%条件下,转化率最高为62%,产率为55%。

改性ZSM-5分子筛催化苯与甲醇烷基化反应研究进展

综述了近年来苯与甲醇烷基化反应催化剂ZSM-5分子筛的改性方法,包括金属及其氧化物改性、酸碱改性以及包覆二氧化硅的核壳改性等方法。介绍了不同改性方法对催化剂性能的影响,以及对苯和甲醇烷基化反应的影响。

不同改性方法对ZSM-5分子筛的影响

ZSM-5分子筛拥有择形性、高水热稳定性、固体强酸性等特点,被广泛应用于催化领域。本研究从ZSM-5分子筛的结构、酸性位点引入,总结了四种用于ZSM-5分子筛改性的方法——水热改性、碱改性、金属改性、非金属改性,分析了各种改性方法的优劣,旨在为开发新的ZSM-5分子筛提供思路。

The synthesis of Co-doped SAPO-5 molecular sieve and its performance in the oxidation of cyclohexane with molecular oxygen

Silicoaluminophosphate（SAPO） molecular sieves doped with cobalt（Co-SAPO-5） were synthesized hydrothermally with different concentrations of Co.Each sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption,scanning electron microscopy,ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy,temperature-programmed desorption of NH3（NH3-TPD）,and infrared spectrascopy of adsorbed pyridine（Py-IR）.The results showed that Co was highly dispersed in the Co-SAPO-5 samples.In addition,a part of the Co content had been incorporated into the SAPO-5 framework,while the remainder existed on the surface as extra-framework Co.The surface areas of the Co-SAOP-5 samples were similar to the SAPO-5 sample.However,the pore volumes of the Co-SAOP-5 samples were lower than that of the SAOP-5 sample.As the concentration of Co increased,the pore volume gradually decreased because extra-framework cobalt oxide was present on the catalyst surface.NH3-TPD and Py-IR results revealed that the amount of Br（？）nsted acid and the total amount of acid for the Co-SAPO-5 samples were higher than that for the SAPO-5 sample.These values were also higher for samples with higher Co content.The catalytic activity of the Co-SAPO-5 samples was evaluated for the oxidation of cyclohexane with molecular oxygen.When Co was added to the SAPO-5 catalyst,the catalytic activity of the Co-SAPO-5 catalysts improved.In addition,the conversion of cyclohexane increased as the Co content in the Co-SAPO-5 catalysts increased.However,with a high conversion of cyclohexane（6.30%）,the total selectivity of cyclohexanone（K） and cyclohexanol（A） decreased sharply.The K/A ratio ranged from 1.15 to 2.47.The effects of reaction conditions（i.e.,reaction temperature,reaction time,initial oxygen pressure,and the catalyst amount） on the performance of the Co-SAPO-5 catalysts have also been measured.Furthermore,the stability of the Co-SAPO-5 catalyst was explored and found to be good for the selective oxidation of cyclohexane by molecular oxygen.

HZSM-5分子筛一步法绿色合成

ZSM-5分子筛在吸附、催化中用途广泛,随着环保政策越来越严格,传统生产中面临的高耗能、高耗水及长流程给分子筛的应用带来阻碍。本文研究了以大孔硅胶、硝酸铝、正丙胺为原料一步法合成HZSM-5分子筛,考察了晶化时间的影响。结果表明,随着晶化时间延长,分子筛结构逐步生长,晶化36 h后成功制备出晶体呈棒状相互交错的高结晶度ZSM-5分子筛,其BET比表面积达到421 m^(2)/g,铝以四配位状态全部进入分子筛骨架。该合成方法流程简单,耗水量低,同时不添加高腐蚀性氟化氢,不需要铵交换,是一种有高效节能的分子筛绿色合成方法。

Synthesis and Characterization of the Large Pore Molecular Sieves VPI-5 and Si-VPI-5

The large pore molecular sieves VPI-5 and Si VPI-5 were synthesized by using three organic amines (dipropylamine, diisopropylamine and dipentylamine) as the structure-directing agents. Compared with general alumlnophosphate molecular sieves, the synthesis of the molecular sieves of VPI-5 type ls of many unique features. Both VPI-5 and Si-VPI-5 were characterized by XRD, IR, TG-DTA, and MAS-NMR.

Synthesis of Large Pore Molecular Sieve VPI-5 by Using Various Organic Amines

The molecular sieve VPI-5 was synthesized by using various organic amines (DEA, Di-PA, DBA, DPenA, TBA, DEOA and TEOA) as the structure-directing agent. The use of DPA enlarged the range of the crystallization temperature from 110℃ to 190℃ in the synthesis of VPI-5, while the use of TEOA changed the composition of the reactants in a broad variety. Diamines are the typical amines in the synthesis of VPI-5. Among them DBA and DPA are the most favorite structure-directing agents for the synthesis of VPI-5 molecular sieve.

Synthesis and Structure of Large Single Crystal of TPAF-AlPO_4-5 Molecular Sieve

A large single crystal of TPAF-AlPO4-5 molecular sieve was synthesized by hydrothermal crystallization in the presence of ammonium fluoride. Starting material composition was · 1 P2O5 · 1 Al2O3 · 2. 2 TPAOH · 1. 7 NH4F ·318 H2O. The crystal size has a hexagonal prism with 80μm across and 500μm length.The structure of tetrapropylarnmonium fluoride - aluminium phosphate type-5 was investigated with X-ray diffraction. The unit cell composition is 12AlPO4 · TPAF, space group P6cc (a= 13. 740(5), c= 8. 474(4) A ). Average bond distances are: P-O 1. 564A and Al-O 1. 640A ,which may be due to the partial disorder of the arrangement of P, Al in the framework. The angles of O-T-O and T-O-T (T?P, Al) are 102-116° and 148-176°, respectively. Residue electron density was not well enough defined to give a precise position for tetrapropylammonium fluoride (TPAF). The template agent, TPA+ cations, situate in the 12-ring channels and F- anions locate in double 4-rings near the 12-ring channels. Fixing atomic positions for the TPAF reduced the unweighted and weighted R, R, from 0. 063 and 0. 082 to 0. 046 and 0. 042,respectively.

环状ZSM-5分子筛的合成与表征

低温条件下,以四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)为模板剂、偏铝酸钠为铝源、正硅酸乙酯为硅源,采用水热合成法合成环状ZSM-5分子筛,考察了陈化温度、硅铝比和模板剂用量对分子筛环状结构形成的影响。利用XRD,SEM,TEM,N_(2)吸附-脱附等方法对环状ZSM-5与常规ZSM-5分子筛的形貌、晶体结构和孔结构进行表征。实验结果表明,较低的陈化温度(0℃)、低硅铝比(n(SiO_(2))∶n(Al_(2)O_(3))≤60)、n(TPAOH)∶n(SiO_(2))=(10~13)∶30的条件有利于形成环状结构的ZSM-5分子筛;与常规ZSM-5分子筛相比,环状ZSM-5分子筛形貌规整、结晶度高、分散更均匀,且由于环状中空结构的存在,环状ZSM-5分子筛的比表面积略高于常规ZSM-5分子筛;所得环状ZSM-5分子筛在催化苯和乙醇制乙苯反应中表现出较好的乙苯选择性。