In this study,newly sprouted shoots of Zanthoxylum armatum(Z.armatum),which were collected after the harvesting period,were used as the primary experimental specimens.A randomized block design and paraffin sectioning ...In this study,newly sprouted shoots of Zanthoxylum armatum(Z.armatum),which were collected after the harvesting period,were used as the primary experimental specimens.A randomized block design and paraffin sectioning method were used to investigate the flower bud differentiation process and the quantity and vitality of buds.Furthermore,the study examined the response of flowering and fruiting to cultivation methods for shoot growth,including layering and plant growth regulator application.The results showed that(a)layering and application of plant growth regulators for Z.armatum accelerated the process of flower bud differentiation by approximately 20 days compared to the control group.Additionally,both shoot control methods generated more and larger bud primordia and perianth primordia during the same differentiation phase.(b)The application of plant growth regulators resulted in well-developed buds,exhibiting higher levels of flower bud differentiation than the layering method.The quality of flower bud formation for both shoot control methods was superior to that of the control group.(c)The flowering phenological period was relatively consistent between the two cultivation methods,but the fruit maturity phase for shoot-controlled trees occurred 20 days earlier than the control group.(d)Both layering and the application of plant growth regulators significantly decreased the rates of unfertilized flower shedding and fruit shedding.However,no significant difference was noted in fruit setting per inflorescence and per flower between the two methods and the control.The effect of altitude for both methods on the fruit setting was not significant.Under both shoot control methods,the Z.armatum exhibited earlier morphological differentiation of flower buds,faster differentiation process,improved flower bud quality,and significantly decreased rates of flower and fruit shedding.Thus,these cultivation methods demonstrated the potential to promote flowering,improve fruit setting,and reduce fruit shedding in Z.armatum.展开更多
新型电力系统的惯性低,虚拟直流电机控制可以加强系统惯性和阻尼。多储能变换器应该考虑荷电状态(State of charge,SOC)均衡问题,提高系统稳定性。针对虚拟直流电机控制的多储能SOC均衡问题,利用直流电机机端电压和电枢电流的下垂特性,...新型电力系统的惯性低,虚拟直流电机控制可以加强系统惯性和阻尼。多储能变换器应该考虑荷电状态(State of charge,SOC)均衡问题,提高系统稳定性。针对虚拟直流电机控制的多储能SOC均衡问题,利用直流电机机端电压和电枢电流的下垂特性,提出引入SOC离差及变均衡系数的变电枢电阻控制;针对下垂引起的电压偏移问题,采用虚拟直流电机转速补偿,用母线电容瞬时功率替代传统虚拟直流电机控制中电压PI控制,给定系统功率需求,减少比例积分环节个数。以两台蓄电池为例,在Simulink中进行仿真,并与参考文献的变电枢电阻函数对比可知,所提控制策略可抑制直流母线电压跌落,调节SOC均衡过程,提高其均衡速度和精度。展开更多
为了增强直流微电网中分布式储能系统的惯性,并在线路阻抗不匹配的情况下实现各储能单元(energy storage unit,ESU)的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)均衡,提出一种基于虚拟直流电机(virtual DC machine,VDCM)的分布式储能系统能量动态...为了增强直流微电网中分布式储能系统的惯性,并在线路阻抗不匹配的情况下实现各储能单元(energy storage unit,ESU)的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)均衡,提出一种基于虚拟直流电机(virtual DC machine,VDCM)的分布式储能系统能量动态分配策略。首先,将VDCM技术应用到储能侧控制中,利用VDCM的输出特性增强系统的抗扰能力。然后,利用电枢回路方程输出特性,并根据储能系统能量分配需求,动态设计虚拟电枢电阻,使其可随SOC在规定界限内自适应变化,实时调整各变换器的输出功率,并引入压降调节因子动态微调各变换器输出虚拟压降至相等,从而补偿线路阻抗的不匹配度,实现各ESU的SOC均衡。此外,采用一致性算法在相邻ESU间获得所需平均值信息,增强系统的可扩展性。最后,搭建光伏多储能直流微电网系统模型,仿真和实验结果验证了所提控制策略的合理性和有效性。展开更多
Short circuit due to the brushes over the commutator segments of DC machines causes reduction in the armature resistance and flux linkage, which is especially meaningful when the electric machine is running at zero or...Short circuit due to the brushes over the commutator segments of DC machines causes reduction in the armature resistance and flux linkage, which is especially meaningful when the electric machine is running at zero or extremely low speed. In design computation of DC machines, usually the average values of the coefficients are used in consideration of the effects of the short circuit. How-ever, the average values have complicated relationships with the parameters of electric machines, therefore, no usable mathematical model has been established yet for precise computation. In this paper, a relatively simple and generalized method for precise computation of the average values of the short-circuit coefficients is proposed. This method decouples some of the machine parameters and, therefore establishes a highly parameterized mathematical model and is convenient in formulation for computation. In addition, the computation data for one and two brush pairs, which are the most common cases, is provided.展开更多
When a direct-current (DC) machine runs at extremely low speed or standstill, the reduction in the armature resistance and the armature flux linkage due to the short circuited coils by the brushes on the commutator ...When a direct-current (DC) machine runs at extremely low speed or standstill, the reduction in the armature resistance and the armature flux linkage due to the short circuited coils by the brushes on the commutator should not be neglected. Taking this reduction effect into account, the average values of the reduction coefficients relate to the machine parameters in complicated forms. In this paper, an effective algorithm for the precise computation of the average values of these reduction coefficients is proposed. Furthermore, in the algorithm, the effect of the insulation thickness between the commutator segments and the multiplicity of the wave winding are considered for the first time. The proposed algorithm can also be accommodated into the computer-aided design (CAD) of a DC machine, which normally runs at extremely low speed or standstill.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the germination rate of Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)seeds and shorten the germination period.[Methods]Different germination beds,seed soaking temperatures,seed soaking tim...[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the germination rate of Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)seeds and shorten the germination period.[Methods]Different germination beds,seed soaking temperatures,seed soaking time and culture temperatures were set to study the effects on seed germination of Z.nitidum.[Results]The germination rate on the filter paper germination bed was stable and it was easy for the control of humidity.The germination rate of seeds soaked in warm water at 50℃for 24 h was about 53.33%.The germination rate of seeds cultured at 25℃was as high as 91.98%.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for seedling breeding and large-scale production of Z.nitidum.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Southwest Forestry University Research Foundation (No.18210135)the Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province,Study and Demonstration on the Key Technology of Improving Quality and Efficiency of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Industry (No.202102AE090013).
文摘In this study,newly sprouted shoots of Zanthoxylum armatum(Z.armatum),which were collected after the harvesting period,were used as the primary experimental specimens.A randomized block design and paraffin sectioning method were used to investigate the flower bud differentiation process and the quantity and vitality of buds.Furthermore,the study examined the response of flowering and fruiting to cultivation methods for shoot growth,including layering and plant growth regulator application.The results showed that(a)layering and application of plant growth regulators for Z.armatum accelerated the process of flower bud differentiation by approximately 20 days compared to the control group.Additionally,both shoot control methods generated more and larger bud primordia and perianth primordia during the same differentiation phase.(b)The application of plant growth regulators resulted in well-developed buds,exhibiting higher levels of flower bud differentiation than the layering method.The quality of flower bud formation for both shoot control methods was superior to that of the control group.(c)The flowering phenological period was relatively consistent between the two cultivation methods,but the fruit maturity phase for shoot-controlled trees occurred 20 days earlier than the control group.(d)Both layering and the application of plant growth regulators significantly decreased the rates of unfertilized flower shedding and fruit shedding.However,no significant difference was noted in fruit setting per inflorescence and per flower between the two methods and the control.The effect of altitude for both methods on the fruit setting was not significant.Under both shoot control methods,the Z.armatum exhibited earlier morphological differentiation of flower buds,faster differentiation process,improved flower bud quality,and significantly decreased rates of flower and fruit shedding.Thus,these cultivation methods demonstrated the potential to promote flowering,improve fruit setting,and reduce fruit shedding in Z.armatum.
文摘新型电力系统的惯性低,虚拟直流电机控制可以加强系统惯性和阻尼。多储能变换器应该考虑荷电状态(State of charge,SOC)均衡问题,提高系统稳定性。针对虚拟直流电机控制的多储能SOC均衡问题,利用直流电机机端电压和电枢电流的下垂特性,提出引入SOC离差及变均衡系数的变电枢电阻控制;针对下垂引起的电压偏移问题,采用虚拟直流电机转速补偿,用母线电容瞬时功率替代传统虚拟直流电机控制中电压PI控制,给定系统功率需求,减少比例积分环节个数。以两台蓄电池为例,在Simulink中进行仿真,并与参考文献的变电枢电阻函数对比可知,所提控制策略可抑制直流母线电压跌落,调节SOC均衡过程,提高其均衡速度和精度。
文摘为了增强直流微电网中分布式储能系统的惯性,并在线路阻抗不匹配的情况下实现各储能单元(energy storage unit,ESU)的荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)均衡,提出一种基于虚拟直流电机(virtual DC machine,VDCM)的分布式储能系统能量动态分配策略。首先,将VDCM技术应用到储能侧控制中,利用VDCM的输出特性增强系统的抗扰能力。然后,利用电枢回路方程输出特性,并根据储能系统能量分配需求,动态设计虚拟电枢电阻,使其可随SOC在规定界限内自适应变化,实时调整各变换器的输出功率,并引入压降调节因子动态微调各变换器输出虚拟压降至相等,从而补偿线路阻抗的不匹配度,实现各ESU的SOC均衡。此外,采用一致性算法在相邻ESU间获得所需平均值信息,增强系统的可扩展性。最后,搭建光伏多储能直流微电网系统模型,仿真和实验结果验证了所提控制策略的合理性和有效性。
文摘采用可视化分析的方式对广西特色药材两面针[Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)DC.]的研究进展和主要研究方向进行分析,预测该领域未来发展走向,以期为后续深入研究两面针提供理论参考。以“两面针”为检索词,从中国知网(CNKI)中整合1971—2022年的相关中文文献,运用CiteSpace V 5.7 R5软件从作者、机构、关键词等主题进行可视化分析。结果表明,筛选、排除与主题无关的文献后共纳入788篇文献,其中,发文量最多的作者是刘华钢,共发文65篇;发文较多的机构集中于广西,广西医科大学为研究两面针最多的机构,且有明显的地域性;高校与企业间合作较多,如广州中医药大学与华润三九医药股份有限公司等;关键词分析显示对两面针的研究主要集中在化学成分、药理作用及临床应用。结合高效液相色谱法对两面针及其相关中药复方以及产品的质量控制是研究热点。氯化两面针碱的抗肿瘤活性以及结合高效液相色谱法进行质量控制研究将是该领域的热门方向。
文摘Short circuit due to the brushes over the commutator segments of DC machines causes reduction in the armature resistance and flux linkage, which is especially meaningful when the electric machine is running at zero or extremely low speed. In design computation of DC machines, usually the average values of the coefficients are used in consideration of the effects of the short circuit. How-ever, the average values have complicated relationships with the parameters of electric machines, therefore, no usable mathematical model has been established yet for precise computation. In this paper, a relatively simple and generalized method for precise computation of the average values of the short-circuit coefficients is proposed. This method decouples some of the machine parameters and, therefore establishes a highly parameterized mathematical model and is convenient in formulation for computation. In addition, the computation data for one and two brush pairs, which are the most common cases, is provided.
文摘When a direct-current (DC) machine runs at extremely low speed or standstill, the reduction in the armature resistance and the armature flux linkage due to the short circuited coils by the brushes on the commutator should not be neglected. Taking this reduction effect into account, the average values of the reduction coefficients relate to the machine parameters in complicated forms. In this paper, an effective algorithm for the precise computation of the average values of these reduction coefficients is proposed. Furthermore, in the algorithm, the effect of the insulation thickness between the commutator segments and the multiplicity of the wave winding are considered for the first time. The proposed algorithm can also be accommodated into the computer-aided design (CAD) of a DC machine, which normally runs at extremely low speed or standstill.
基金Supported by General Project of Guangxi Science and Technology Department(2020GXNSFAA259043)Guangxi First-class Discipline of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Guangxi Education Scientific Research No.12,2018)+1 种基金Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Project(05018028F2)Guangxi Zhuang Yao Medicine Key Laboratory(GXZYZZ2020A-04).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to improve the germination rate of Zanthoxylum nitidum(Roxb.)seeds and shorten the germination period.[Methods]Different germination beds,seed soaking temperatures,seed soaking time and culture temperatures were set to study the effects on seed germination of Z.nitidum.[Results]The germination rate on the filter paper germination bed was stable and it was easy for the control of humidity.The germination rate of seeds soaked in warm water at 50℃for 24 h was about 53.33%.The germination rate of seeds cultured at 25℃was as high as 91.98%.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for seedling breeding and large-scale production of Z.nitidum.