Impacts of Land Use and Cover Change on Land Surface Temperature in the Zhujiang Delta

Remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) technologies were used to detect land use/cover changes (LUCC) and to assess their impacts on land surface temperature (LST) in the Zhujiang Delta. Multi-temporal Landsat TM and Landsat ETM+ data were employed to identify patterns of LUCC as well as to quantify urban expansion and the associated decrease of vegetation cover. The thermal infrared bands of the data were used to retrieve LST. The results revealed a strong and uneven urban growth,which caused LST to raise 4.56℃in the newly urbanized part of the study area. Overall, remote sensing and GIS technologies were effective approaches for monitoring and analyzing urban growth patterns and evaluating their impacts on LST.

RESEARCH ON THE POPULATION CARRYING CAPACITY OF THE LAND RESOURCES IN THE ECONOMIC AREA OF ZHUJIANG DELTA

The authors once made a preliminary research on population carrying capacity of the land in the Economic Area of Zhujiang Delta (EAZD for short) in 1995, and reckoned that the ultimate population in this region will be 23 550 thousand by year of 2000. While the population in being in EAZD was 22.62 million in 1999.This accords with the prefigured result in the rough from the point of view of development. According to the data of plow land resources from the 2000 Statistical Yearbook of EAZD and the study on the population-foodstuff-plow land relationship, this paper calculates the productive potential of plow land and the population carrying capacity of land by year of 2010, and puts forward the countermeasures for improving the population carrying capacity of land in this region.

THE CHARACTER AND CHANGE TENDENCY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE IN THE ZHUJIANG DELTA－A CASE STUDY OF SHUNDE CITY

In this paper, Shunde City is selected as a typical region standing for the Zhujiang Delta because of its excellent location and dike-pond system.There are three main characters of agricultural land use in this region. First, the most typical land use form is dike-pond system. It is a special form of artificial ecosystem of land-water interaction. Second, sandy field is also an important land type in this region. Third, land use is greatly influenced by export-oriented economy. Recently, with economic reforming and the opening up of the Zhujiang Delta, the structure of agricultural land use has been changed greatly. The area of mulberry dike has decreased and a variety of planting crops has increased.Various structure of dike-pond farming has emerged in the Zhujiang Delta such as 'fruit dike-fish pond', 'flower dike-fish pond', 'grass dike-fish pond', 'vegetable dike-fish pond'. The area of water has slightly increased and its development tends to modernization due to the use of modern equipment and advanced breeding ways. The area for 'three high'(high yield, high quality and high efficiency) agriculture has increased greatly.

Relationship Between Producer Services Developing Level and Urban Hierarchy——A Case Study of Zhujiang River Delta

As the Central Place Theory indicates, the centricity of a central city can influence the extension of its ser- vice. Since the service industry in the theory is mostly consumer services, it is worth studying the relationship between the producer services and the centricity of the city in the service society with producer services becoming a more im- portant part of the service industry. The paper takes the case of the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta (PRD), a developed region in China, to study the relationship between the developing level of producer services and the urban hierarchy. Based on the analysis about the spatial difference of the producer services in the nine cities of the PRD, and the divi- sion of the nine cities according to some economic indices, it is shown that there is a correlation between the develop- ing level of producer services and the urban hierarchy. Furthermore, two deductions about the future status of the pro- ducer services in the city and the location of the producer services in a large region can be made from this correlation between the developing level of producer services and the urban hierarchy.

Projection of the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta's potential submerged area due to sea level rise during the 21st century based on CMIP5 simulations

Projections of potential submerged area due to sea level rise are helpful for improving understanding of the influence of ongoing global warming on coastal areas. The Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition method is used to adaptively decompose the sea level time series in order to extract the secular trend component. Then the linear relationship between the global mean sea level （GMSL） change and the Zhujiang （Pearl） River Delta （PRD） sea level change is calculated： an increase of 1.0 m in the GMSL corresponds to a 1.3 m （uncertainty interval from 1.25 to 1.46 m） increase in the PRD. Based on this relationship and the GMSL rise projected by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 under three greenhouse gas emission scenarios （representative concentration pathways, or RCPs, from low to high emission scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5）, the PRD sea level is calculated and projected for the period 2006-2100. By around the year 2050, the PRD sea level will rise 0.29 （0.21 to 0.40） m under RCP2.6, 0.31 （0.22 to 0.42） m under RCP4.5, and 0.34 （0.25 to 0.46） m under RCP8.5, respectively. By 2100, it will rise 0.59 （0.36 to 0.88） m, 0.71 （0.47 to 1.02） m, and 1.0 （0.68 to 1.41） m, respectively. In addition, considering the extreme value of relative sea level due to land subsidence （i.e., 0.20 m） and that obtained from intermonthly variability （i.e., 0.33 m）, the PRD sea level will rise 1.94 m by the year 2100 under the RCP8.5 scenario with the upper uncertainty level （i.e., 1.41 m）. Accordingly, the potential submerged area is 8.57x103 km2 for the PRD, about 1.3 times its present area.

Spatial Structure and Land Use Control in Extended Metropolitan Region of Zhujiang River Delta,China

The Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta is one of the most developed Extended Metropolitan Regions (EMR) in China.With the rapid urbanization,the agglomeration of population and industries has emerged,which has led to dramatic changes of spatial structure and land use in this region.With data of high resolution TM remote sensing images and Google Earth maps,this paper identified and analyzed the spatial pattern of the Zhujiang River Delta EMR using Envy and ArcGIS tools.It was found that 1) the industrial land uses were expanding substantially,particularly on the bank sides of the Zhujiang River estuary;2) large-scale housing developments were concentrated in the fringe of metropolitan areas such as those of Guangzhou and Shenzhen;3) a regional transportation network with the spatial pattern of ″1 circle +2 pieces + 3 axes″ had significantly affected the location choice of manufacture enterprises.At the same time,both highly specialized land use and severely mixed land use patterns were identified.As a consequence of the latter,land use efficiency of the whole EMR areas was reduced.Moreover,ecologic and environmental problems were severe.Based on the above analysis,suggestions were given from the viewpoint of spatial safety,land use efficiency,and the reorganization of spatial structure in the Zhujiang River Delta EMR.

Empirical Analysis of City Contact in Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta, China

In traditional urban geography, city contact research is a classic study element in city research. In general, researchers use the traditional gravity model to characterize the contacts that exist between two cities. The traditional gravity model assumes ideal conditions, but these preconditions and their results often do not exist in realistic conditions. Thus, we used a modified gravity model to characterize the city contacts within a specific region. This model considers factors such as intercity complementarities, government intervention, and the diversity of the transportation infrastructure which is characterized as the transportation distance instead of the traditional Euclidean distance. We applied this model to an empirical study of city contact in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta(PRD) of China. The regression results indicated that the modified gravity model could measure city contact more accurately and comprehensively than the traditional gravity model, i.e., it yielded a higher adjusted R2 value(0.379) than the traditional gravity model result(0.259). Our study also suggests that, in addition to urban-regional and metropolitan development, the complementarities of the basic functions of cities at the administrative and market levels, as well as the corporeal and immaterial levels, play very significant roles in the characterization of city contact. Given the complexity of city contact, it will be necessary to consider more relevant influential factors in the modified gravity model to characterize the features of city contact in the future.

A prediction of sea level rising amplitude in 2030 and defensive countermeasures in the Zhujiang delta

By analysing comprehensively the factors such as theoretical sealevel, abnormal fluctuation of sea level, rising amplitude of floodtide water level and land deformation, a rising amplitude of 22-33 cm of relative sea level by the year of 2030 is forecasted in the Zhujiang Delta. From the forecasted amplitude of 30 cm, using hydraulic and hydrometric models the scope influenced by sea level rise is delimited and the reappearing periods of floodtide water level, protecting ability of embankments, design parameters of water conservancy project, drain waterlogging, saline intrusion, resource of mud beach and comprehensive prevention measures are discussed.

ON FEATURES OF TOWN DEVELOPMENT IN THE ZHUJIANG RIVER DELTA SINCE 1978

since 1978, rural urbanization has been accelerated in the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta because of the rapid development of commodity agriculture, industrialization and tertiary industry. Its natural urban population increase had been mostly mechanical before now, and the towns have been transformed from traditional centers into those serving various functions, particularly industrial ones.In the Zhujiang River Delta, population density and the level of economic changes are high in central areas, and low in outlying area, but on the other hand, urban population has increased slowly in central area and fast in outlying area. In the central areas more industrial towns emerge. So the gap has been greatly reduced. The reform of the construction of the region’s economy, the improvement of transportation, the adjustment of the standard of town setting have promoted the distribution of the towns in the Zhujiang River Delta from being centralized to balanced.

SEA LEVEL RISE OF THE ZHUJIANG RIVER DELTA AND NEOTECTONICS

A linear regression analysis of 28 selected tide-gauge stations of the Zhujiang Estuary shows that there has been a tendency of local sea level rise at a rate of 2.028 mm per year. The origin of the variation is significantly attributed to the local tectonic movement of discrepant fault-block. Based on this, four types of relative local sea level changes are classified. According to calculation, half of the fertile land, or 800 km2 of the delta plain will have been submerged by sea water by about 2040. This will yield a significant influence on the economic construction and human activities.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE OF THE ZHUJIANG RIVER DELTA IN HOLOCENE AND ITS CULTURAL ORIGINS AND PROPAGATION

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PROBLEMS OF THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT AND COUNTERMEASURES IN RAPID ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE ZHUJIANG RIVER DELTA

The Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta is the rapid economic development region in China since the opening and reform door policy was carried out in 1978. Being the rapid development of industry and city, the impact on the aquatic environmental quality was sig

ON ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF THE GENESIS OF TORNADO IN THE ZHUJIANG RIVER DELTA IN SPRING

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Daily Changes of Spatial Patterns of Meteorological Elements over Pearl River Delta Based on GIS and MM5

The spatial distribution of meteorological elements is important for understanding the regional meteorology and climate changes. However,previous studies rarely focused on the daily changes of the spatial patterns of meteorological elements due to the limitation of remote sensing(RS) techniques and traditional meteorological methods. In this paper,the regional meteorological elements were simulated by the fifth-generation non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model(MM5) ,and the spatial patterns of meteorological elements and their diurnal variations were analyzed in landscape level over the Pearl(Zhujiang) River Delta(PRD) ,China. The results showed that there were several centers of urban heat islands,cold islands,dry islands,wet islands,high wind over the PRD at noon. The diurnal changes of Moran I of meteorological elements were obvious and they reached the extremum at noon and 2-3 hours after the sunrise. The landscape indices of meteorological elements,such as area-weighted mean Fractal Dimension Index(FRAC_AM) ,Landscape Shape Index(LSI) ,Shannon's Diversity Index(SHDI) and Contagion Index(CONTAG) ,were more variable at about the sunrise,noon and sunset. The occurrence of wave crests and vales of landscape indices was affected by the surface net radiation,turbulence and local circumfluence. The spatial patterns of meteorological elements correlated well with the land surface,thermal exchanges and local circumfluence. A new approach combining GIS,RS and numerical simulations technologies and the landscape ecology method was presented to analyze spatial patterns of meteorological elements,which may be useful for studying global and regional climate changes.

海相砂岩油藏沉积微相特征及对剩余油的控制——以南海东部X油田为例

X油田为南海东部典型的海相砂岩油田,开发中后期剩余油特征不清晰,充分利用动静态资料,展开沉积微相及动油水界面研究。结果表明:研究区油藏范围内发育水下分流河道主体、河道侧缘、河口坝、远砂坝及分流间湾等微相,河道主体厚度较大,动油水界面在构造高部位趋于水平;河道侧缘、河口坝、远砂坝等砂体储层较薄,横向连续性受物源方向控制,在开发中后期,来水方向受砂体展布方向控制,波及程度较弱,从而产生剩余油富集区。

洪季珠江三角洲水系烷基酚污染状况研究

对夏季珠江三角洲河流及珠江口表层水中溶解态的壬基酚 (NPs)和辛基酚 (OP)的污染状况进行了分析 .结果表明 ,河流样品中除珠江正干平洲水道口、沙湾水道口及西江虎跳门处NPs值较高分别达 98 84、12 9 82和 16 4 98ng/L外 ,其他地点均为 <2 0～ 4 0ng/L ;伶仃洋及近海表层水NPs含量较低为 <10～ 14ng/L .OP值以澳门内港处最高为 8 5 4ng/L ,另外在白鹅潭、沙湾水道口和虎跳门处分别为 2 89、2 4 4、2 12ng/L ,其余采样点均低于检测限 2ng/L ,伶仃洋及近海表层水样OP值低于检测限 1ng/L .

珠江三角洲部分断裂晚第四纪垂直位移速率

珠江三角洲地区断裂比较发育 ,晚第四纪以来的活动方式皆具有垂直差异运动特征 ,且大多数都呈隐伏状态。文中在对三角洲发育阶段分析的基础上 ,利用已有钻孔资料 ,沿断裂两侧寻找位置相互靠近、且能揭露出时代和堆积环境相同的地层层位的一对或多对钻孔进行对比。根据断裂两侧相同层位现今所处海拔高度的差异确定它们沉积以来的垂直位移量 ,再根据该层位的测年数据计算断裂的垂直位移速率。共计算了 5条断裂晚第四纪以来的垂直位移速率 ,位移速率值为 0 14～0 4 7mm/a。

珠江三角洲地区地下水铁的分布特征及其成因

为了解珠江三角洲地区地下水中铁的含量及其成因,采集并分析了352组地下水样和12组地表水样。分析结果表明:珠江三角洲地区地下水铁含量为未检出～94.8mg/L,平均含量为1.46mg/L。该地区地下水铁含量的分布与其工业化程度及所处区域的补、径、排条件密切相关,尤其在平原区,地下水铁含量与部分地表河流的污染程度更是密切相关,随着远离污染的地表河流,地下水铁含量有明显减少的趋势。不同地区对其地下水铁含量起主导作用的因素也不相同,氧化还原条件是影响珠江三角洲地区地下水铁含量分布的主要因素之一,而酸碱条件和地面污染则只在局部地区对地下水铁含量的分布起主导作用。另外,含水层介质组分、径流条件、上覆土层性质等因素对珠江三角洲地区地下水铁含量也都起到了一定的作用。