CLINICAL STUDY ON SERUM COPPER AND ZINC LEVELS AND COPPER/ZINC RATIO IN MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA

173 simultaneous determinations of serum copper levels (SCL), serum zinc levels (SZL) and copper/zinc ratio (CZR) were made by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 51 previously untreated lymphoma patients. SCL and CZR were significantly higher in patients before treatment (mean value 22.97 μmol/L, 1.55, respectively) and in those who did not reach complete remission (mean 21.21 μmol/L, 1.36) as compared with the patients in complete remission (mean 16.36 μmol/L, 1.06) or normal controls (mean 15.67 μmol/L, 0.98). The mean value of SCL and CZR of patients in complete remission did not differ significantly from those of normal controls. Patients in stages HI and IV had higher SCL and CZR (mean 25.15 μmol/L, 1.79) than those in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ (mean 19.30 μmol/L, 1.16). No significant difference in SZL was observed between the patient groups and normal controls. Thus, SCL and CZR may be used as prognostic indicators for monitoring disease activity and response to therapy in malignant lymphoma.

Zinc Levels in Raw and Blanched Slenderleaf sp. (<i>Crotalaria ochroleuca</i>&<i>Crotalaria brevidens</i>) Indigenous Vegetables

An estimated 20% of the world’s population is at risk for zinc (Zn) deficiency. Micronutrient deficiencies are most prevalent in Africa and remain a major problem facing poor populations, whose impact is worsened by HIV/AIDS pandemic. Adequate zinc nutrition is essential for adequate growth, immunocompetence and neurobehavioral development. In Sub-Saharan Africa, Zn deficiency risk stands at 34.6% with 25.6% of its population having inadequate zinc intake. It is widespread in areas where diets lack diversity and it has been implicated as a contributing factor to stunting in approximately a third of children in low-income countries. In Kenya, it is a public health problem that about 50% of children under 6 years and 50% of women are affected. Zn deficiency rates are severe and pose severe consequences whose impact would translate into poor economic development and would set a vicious cycle effect that will take many generations to correct if left unchecked. It is important to examine zinc in the diet but its concentration in food varies depending partly on processing besides other factors. The objective of this study was to assess blanching as a food preparation method’s implication to Zn levels in vegetables. Blanching is a method where vegetables are dipped in boiling water for around two minutes and removed to avoid over cooking. Zn levels in slenderleaf sp. Indigenous vegetable commonly found in the Lake Victoria Basin region is not known. An experimental study was carried out to analyze zinc levels in raw and blanched slenderleaf sp. (Crotalaria ochroleuca & Crotalaria brevidens) vegetables. Results indicated that blanching reduces Zinc levels in slenderleaf vegetables, however, the reductions are not significant;the levels after blanching are still vital. It is, therefore, recommended to minimize blanching time in order to reduce loss of the vital nutrient in slenderleaf sp. vegetables.

Serum zinc levels and multiple health outcomes: Implications for zinc-based biomaterials

Background:Zinc-based biomaterials,including biodegradable metal,nanoparticles,and coatings used in medical implants release zinc ions that may increase the whole-body and serum zinc concentrations.The impact of serum zinc concentrations on major health outcomes can provide insights for device design and clinical transformation of zinc-based biomaterials.Methods:This nationally representative cross-sectional study enrolled participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES,2011-2014)including 3607 participants.Using unadjusted and multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analyses,two-piecewise linear regression model with a smoothing function and threshold level analysis,we evaluated the associations between elevated serum zinc levels and major health outcomes.Results:Elevated serum zinc levels were significantly associated with an increase in total spine and total femur bone mineral density(BMD).Every 10μg/dL increase was associated with a 1.12-fold increase in diabetes mellitus(DM)and 1.23-fold and 1.29-fold increase in cardiovascular diseases(CVD)and coronary heart disease(CHD),in participants with serum zinc levels≥100μg/dL.It had no significant linear or nonlinear associations with risk of fractures,congestive heart failure,heart attack,thyroid disease,arthritis,osteoarthritis,rheumatoid arthritis,dyslipidemia and cancer.Conclusion:Serum zinc levels are significantly associated with increased BMD in the total spine and total femur,and risk of DM,and CVD/CHD among participants with serum zinc levels≥100μg/dL.

The relationship between serum zinc levels and rheumatoid arthritis activity

OBJECTIVES： Rheumatoid arthritis （RA） is one of the most prevalent chronic autoimmune diseases; it typically involves the hands, wrists, ankles, and eventually all joints. Some studies have reported that zinc serum levels are lower in patients with RA than in healthy individuals. MATERIALS and METHODS： Seventy-nine patients with RAwere selected. The patients were all less than 75 years old and were diagnosed by a rheumatologist. Serum zinc levels were measured using the flame photometry method with a blood sample of 5 mL. The relationship between the average serum zinc level and disease activity was analyzed based on the DAS28 scoring scale for different RA groups. The significance threshold was set atp 〈 0.05. Data analyses were implemented in SPSS 22.0. RESULTS： There was a significant inverse relationship between the serum zinc levels and disease activity. Chi-square tests were used to compare zinc serum levels with respect to disease activity. There were significant differences in zinc levels among three groups of patients with different levels of disease severity, such that disease activity increased as the serum zinc level decreased （p 〈 0.001）. CONCLUSION： There was a significant inverse relationship between the serum zinc level and RA activity based on the DAS28 score. Therefore, it is recommended that mineral deficiencies should be addressed by optimizing the zinc supply along with other standard medications in order to reduce RA activity.

Correlation of Whole Blood Zinc Levels,CD4 Cell Count,Disease Stage,and Dermatologic Manifestations Among HIV Patients:A Single Center Experience in Philippines

Objective:Zinc deficiency is the most common micronutrient abnormality seen in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection.Depletion of CD4 cells is a hallmark of HIV infection.The study aims to determine the association between whole blood zinc levels and CD4 cell count and stage of HIV infection among patients in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines.Methods:Sixty-five newly diagnosed HIV-positive patients of the institution were recruited.Demographic profile,whole blood zinc levels,CD4 cell count level,HIV disease stage,and presence of any dermatologic manifestations were noted.Prevalence of zinc deficiency and correlation between whole blood zinc levels and CD4 cell count were determined.The data were analyzed by chi-square and pearson correlation analysis.Results:Among the 65 patients,overall zinc deficiency was noted at 33.8%.Low CD4 count and HIV disease stage IV participants had the highest percentage of zinc deficiency at 54.6%and 50%,respectively.A correlation coefficient atr=0.3364 was noted between whole blood zinc levels and CD4 cell count(P=0.006).Twenty-nine patients presented with dermatologic manifestations,with 10 patients being zinc deficient.Conclusion:A weak positive correlation was seen between zinc levels and CD4 count.There is an increasing frequency of zinc level deficiency with a higher HIV disease stage.Dermatologic manifestations of HIV may be present in both patients with normal and deficient zinc levels.

Optical Properties, Electronic Energy Level Structure and Electroluminescent Characteristics of Salicylaldehyde Anil Zinc

A new electroluminescent material, salicylaldehyde anil zinc （SAZ） was synthesized, which can form high quality, thermal stability, nano-scale amorphous films by vacuum evaporation. Its structure, thermal stability were characterized by infrared （IR） spectra, differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry （DTA-TG） analysis, respectively. The optical properties of SAZ were investigated by UV absorption spectra, Photoluminescence （PL） excitation and emission spectra. The highest occupied molecular orbits （HOMO）, lowest unoccupied molecular orbits （LUMO） and optical band gap were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry curve and optical absorption band edge. The electroluminescent devices using SAZ as the emissive layer emit green light with a peak wavelength at 509 nm and a brightness of about 3.1 cd/m^2.

High levels of Zinc-α-2-Glycoprotein among Omani AIDS patients on combined antiretroviral therapy

Objective:To investigate the levels of zinc-α-2-glycoprotein(ZAG) among Omani AIDS patients receiving combined antiretroviral therapy(cART).Methods:A total of 80 Omani AIDS patients(45 males and 33 females),average age of 36 vears.who were receiving cART at the Saltan Qaboos University Hospital(SQUH).Muscat,Oman,were tested for the levels of ZAG.In addition,SO healthy blood donors(46 males and 34 females),average age of 26 years,attending the SOUH Blood Bank,were tested in parallel as a control group.Measurement of the ZAG levels was performed using a competitive enzyme—linked immunosorbent assay and in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.Results:The ZAG levels were found to he significantly higher among AIDS patients compared to the healthy individuals(P=0.033).A total of 56(70%) of the AIDS patients were found to have higher levels of ZAG and 16(20%) AIDS patients were found to have high ZAG levels,which are significantly(P>0.031) associated with weight loss.Conclusions:ZAG levels are high among Omani AIDS patients on cART and this necessitales the measurement of ZAG on routine basis,as it is associated with weight loss.

Dry Matter Partitioning and Harvest Index Differ in Rice Genotypes with Variable Rates of Phosphorus and Zinc Nutrition

Phosphorus （P） and zinc （Zn） deficiencies are the major problems that decrease crop productivity under rice-wheat cropping system. Field experiments were conducted to investigate impacts of P （0, 40, 80 and 120 kg/hm^2） and Zn levels （0, 5, 10 and 15 kg/hm^2） on dry matter （DM） accumulation and partitioning, and harvest index of three rice genotypes ＇fine （Bamati-385） vs. coarse （F-Malakand and Pukhraj）＇ at various growth stages （tiliering, heading and physiological maturity）. The experiments were conducted at farmers＇ field at Batkhela in Northwestern Pakistan for two years in summer 2011 and 2012. The two year pooled data reveled that there were no differences in percent of DM partitioning into leaves and culms with application of different P and Zn levels, and genotypes at tillering. The highest P level （120 kg/hm^2） partitioned more DM into panicles than leaves and culms at heading and physiological maturity stages. The highest Zn level （15 kg/hm^2） accumulated more DM and partitioned more DM into panicles than leaves and culms at heading and physiological maturity stages. The hybrid rice （Pukhraj） produced and partitioned more DM into panicles than F-Malakand and Bamati-385 at heading and physiological maturity stages. Higher DM accumulation and greater amounts of partitioning into panicles at heading and physiological maturity stages was noticed with increase in P and Zn levels, and the increase was significantly higher in the coarse rice genotypes than fine. We concluded that the growing hybrid rice with application of 120 kg/hm^2 P ＋ 15 kg/hm^2 Zn not only increases total DM accumulation and partitioned greater amounts into the reproductive plant parts （panicles） but also results in higher harvest index.

LAWS GOVERNING THE DISTRIBUTION OF LEAD-ZINC DEPOSITS IN CHINA

An attempt is made in this paper to describe the following laws governing the distribution of lead-zinc deposits in China: spatial distribution laws, temporal distribution laws, deep level control laws, and deposits association and zoning laws.

不同锌源与锌水平日粮对生长期雌性水貂营养物质消化率及氮代谢的研究

本试验主要研究了不同锌源及锌水平对生长期雌性水貂营养物质消化率及氮代谢的影响。本试验采用单因子试验设计,每组12个重复,每个重复1只,Ⅰ-Ⅵ组水貂基础日粮中蛋氨酸螯合锌添加量(以锌元素计)分别为0(Ⅰ组)、15(Ⅱ组)、30(Ⅲ组)、45(Ⅳ组)、60(Ⅴ组)、75 mg/kg(Ⅵ组)、Ⅶ组水貂基础日粮中硫酸锌添加量(以锌元素计)为60 mg/kg。结果表明,冬毛生长期雌性水貂对添加蛋氨酸螯合锌水平为45 mg/kg的日粮的干物质、蛋白质和脂肪的消化率最高;不同锌源及锌水平日粮对生长期雌性水貂氮代谢的影响无显著差异。

高锌和高铜对断奶仔猪生产性能、消化生理和盲肠微生物数量的影响

本试验旨在考察高锌(Zn)和高铜(Cu)对断奶仔猪生产性能、消化生理和盲肠微生物数量的影响。选取105头(25±1)日龄断奶的D×L×Y仔猪,随机分为3个组,每个组5个重复,每个重复7头仔猪,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+2 500 mg/kg锌(氧化锌)和基础日粮+250 mg/kg铜(硫酸铜)。试验期28 d。于试验的第3周末时,每个重复选1头仔猪屠宰,考察消化道消化酶活性和盲肠微生物数量。结果表明,日粮添加高锌和高铜使仔猪全期(1～4周)平均日增重(ADG)分别提高19.92%(P<0.05)和23.24%(P<0.01),料重比(F/G)分别降低6.67%(P>0.05)和12.78%(P<0.01)。高锌和高铜均能使Ca和P的消化率提高(P<0.01或P<0.05)。高锌和高铜均能提高仔猪胃蛋白酶和胰淀粉酶活性(P<0.05),改善回肠、空肠和十二指肠绒毛高度及3肠段绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比,其中回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著增加(P<0.05),且高铜组空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)和高锌组(P<0.05)。高锌和高铜有降低盲肠大肠杆菌、乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌数量的趋势,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合来看,高铜高锌能改善断奶仔猪生产性能、养分消化率及消化酶活性,且高铜促生长效应优于高锌。

日粮不同锌添加水平对育成期雄性水貂消化代谢、生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

本试验选用硫酸锌和蛋氨酸螯合锌两种锌源,在日粮添加60mg/kg硫酸锌、蛋氨酸螯合锌为0、15、30、45、60、75mg/kg水平下,对比研究了不同锌水平对育成期雄性水貂营养物质消化率、氮代谢和血清生化指标的影响。结果表明,育成期雄性水貂日粮中添加15mg/kg的蛋氨酸螯合锌时,水貂采食量和蛋白质消化率较高(P<0.05)。日粮中添加锌水平对水貂干物质消化率、脂肪消化率、氮代谢、生长性能和血清尿素氮、血清乳酸脱氢酶活性没有显著性影响(P>0.05)。

干旱条件下氮、磷水平对土壤锌、铜、锰、铁有效性的影响

研究了干旱条件下不同N、P水平对微量元素Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe有效性的影响。结果表明 ,在中壤质土壤含水量 11%～ 14%的情况下 ,不同N、P配比明显增加了土壤剖面中速效P的含量 ,但随着土壤深度的增加 ,土壤速效P呈不断下降的趋势。大田和土壤培养试验表明 ,施P有增加土壤Zn、Cu、Mn有效性的趋势 ,但有效Fe则有下降的趋势。土壤速效P、Zn、Cu、Mn、Fe之间的相关分析表明 ,土壤速效P与有效Zn之间存在显著的正相关关系 (r =0 .6 5 ) ,而与有效Fe之间则存在显著的负相关关系 (r =- 0 .6 3)。

0～21日龄肉仔鸡饲粮中锌适宜水平研究

本文研究了不同水平无机锌对肉仔鸡生长性能、含锌酶活性及组织锌含量的影响，并对每一指标进行曲线拟合（二次曲线与渐近性），从中筛选合适的指标以确定肉仔鸡实用饲粮中锌的适宜水平。选用1日龄AA肉公鸡384只，随机分为8个处理组，每个处理6个重复，分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮（对照组）和锌添加水平为20、40、60、80、100、120 和140 mg/kg （硫酸锌）的饲粮, 试验期21 d。结果表明：（1）随饲粮锌水平的增加日增重和采食量有显著增加（P〈0.05），添加20 mg/kg锌组鸡的日增重和采食量显著高于对照组；（2）血浆5′-核苷酸酶活性随饲粮锌含量增加呈明显的二次曲线变化（P〈0.01），估测的锌适宜添加水平为52.13 mg/kg；（3）胰脏锌与胫骨锌含量随饲粮锌水平的增加呈渐近线上升趋势（P〈0.01），以此2指标确定的锌适宜添加水平分别为30.78与33.86 mg/kg；（4）含锌酶中碱性磷酸酶（AKP）及铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（CuZnSOD）活性以及肾脏锌含量随饲粮锌水平变化没有显著变化（P〉0.10），表明上述指标均不适宜用来估测锌适宜水平。以上结果表明，0～21日龄，肉仔鸡饲粮中锌的适宜水平约为80 mg/kg。

锌对苦瓜叶片碳代谢及相关酶活性的影响研究

田间试验研究不同Zn肥施用量对苦瓜叶片C代谢及相关酶活性的影响结果表明 ,低Zn胁迫时苦瓜上位和下位叶片蔗糖、可溶性糖、淀粉、Zn含量、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性和碳酸酐酶活性均显著下降 ,而酸性转化酶活性、中性转化酶活性和淀粉酶活性显著提高 ,且它们之间均呈显著和极显著相关性。

锌对烤烟漂浮育苗中烟苗生长及生理特性的影响

采用漂浮育苗法对不同施Zn处理烟苗生长和生理特性作用进行研究 .结果表明 ,施Zn处理较对照烟苗生长量大 ,根系活力显著提高 ,叶片叶绿素含量增加 ,NR活性提高 .其中以 10 0mg·kg-1和 2 0 0mg·kg-1Zn处理最佳 .当Zn含量超过 30 0mg·kg-1,成苗期对烟苗根系吸收面积有不良影响 .不同Zn用量处理间烟苗的烟碱、Cl含量没有明显差异 .对照的还原糖含量低于施Zn处理 ,总N和K2 O含量高于施Zn处理 .

锌对菠萝幼苗生长发育及生理代谢的影响

采用水培试验的方法,探讨了锌对菠萝幼苗生长发育及生理代谢的影响。研究结果表明,适量的锌可促进菠萝生长发育,高浓度的锌则起抑制作用。同时发现,在一定锌浓度范围内,适量的锌可不同程度地提高菠萝幼苗叶片POD、OD、CAT及PPO等酶的活性,高浓度的锌则使菠萝幼苗叶片MDA、O2-.的含量较高;适量的锌还可提高叶片叶绿素含量,增强光合作用,促进碳水化合物的合成和代谢。

锌肥水平对苦瓜叶片多胺含量与活性氧代谢的影响

采用田间试验、植株生理生化测定方法,研究了不同锌肥水平对苦瓜(品种为大顶)叶片多胺类化合物与活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明:在土壤有效锌为0.45mg/kg的低锌胁迫下,苦瓜叶片中丙二醛(MDA)含量和自动氧化速率(AOR)增加,多胺(PAs)、腐胺(Put)、亚精胺(Spd)、精胺(Spm)、抗坏血酸(ASA)的含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性都下降,因而施锌有利于苦瓜抗膜脂过氧化胁迫,延缓叶片衰老;叶片MDA含量与AOR呈极显著正相关,而与PAs、Put、ASA的含量以及SOD、POD、CAT的活性都呈显著和极显著负相关。

不同锌水平对剑麻幼苗生长发育及生理代谢的影响

采用水培试验的方法,探讨了不同锌水平对剑麻幼苗生长发育及生理代谢的影响。研究结果表明,适量的锌可促进剑麻生长发育,高浓度的Zn2+则起抑制作用。同时发现,在一定Zn2+浓度范围内,适量的锌可不同程度地提高剑麻幼苗叶片POD、SOD、CAT及PPO等酶的活性,从而相应地降低剑麻幼苗叶片MDA、O2-的含量;适量的锌还可提高剑麻叶片叶绿素含量,增强光合作用,促进碳水化合物的合成和代谢。

蛋白质与锌不同摄入水平对大鼠锌吸收与存留影响的研究

WAK纯品系断奶雄大鼠30只,随机分为6组。喂纯合成饲料。第1、2、3组饲料含锌分别为6、15和24ppm,含蛋白质均为10％。第4、5、6组饲料含蛋白质分别为5％、10％和20％,含锌量均为15ppm。喂养50天后按体重每100g灌胃^(65)Zn 1.5μCi,即日起连续收集5天粪尿,用^(65)Zn示踪法测定各组动物锌吸收与存留情况。结果表明:低锌组大鼠锌吸收率与存留率显著增高;低蛋白组大鼠锌吸收率与存留率显著降低,提高蛋白质摄入水平可明显改善锌的吸收与存留;大鼠尿锌排出率很低,作为研究锌代谢指标的意义不大。本文并对锌吸收与存留的测定方法进行了讨论。