Implementation of the Acclimatization Process for Ginger Plantlets (Zingiber officinale Roscoe)

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is an important culinary and medicinal spice but is rarely cultivated due to the unavailability of seeds. Given the difficulties in adapting to plantlets produced in natural environments, it is important to analyze the survival conditions of ginger plantlets. For this reason, we varied the incubation temperature and humidity as well as the substrate during the weaning phase. Then, we varied the nutrients contained in the watering solution during the hardening phase. The statistical analysis showed that physical factors and substrates significantly influenced (p < 0.0001) plantlet survival. Nutrient solutions significantly influenced the phylogenesis, rhizogenesis, and height growth of the plantlets. The suitable physical factors for good development of plantlets are a temperature of 26.54˚C and a humidity of 96.16%. The 1C2T2TC substrate (1 Compost + 2 Soil + 2 Coconut Peat) had a significant survival rate of approximately 92.5%. During hardening, the Plantzym solution promoted good growth in terms of plantlet height (0.6 cm) and good development of roots (30 roots) and leaves (03 leaves). This work will make it possible to develop a technical seed production sheet for better development of ginger cultivation in Benin.

结晶姜酚的制取与鉴定

为了获得高纯度的姜酚,以干姜粉制取的姜油树脂为原料,通过硅胶干柱层析、2次制备薄板层析、葡聚糖凝胶(SephadexLH20)层析和重结晶等分离纯化方法,获得了结晶姜酚,通过紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、质谱等测定证实所获得的结晶为姜酚。该结晶可用于作测定姜酚的标样或进行药理研究之用。

姜的脱毒方法比较与繁殖生根同步化培养技术研究

考察了茎尖大小、热处理催芽结合茎尖培养以及催芽后高温热处理结合茎尖培养等对姜（Zingiber officinale Rosc.）茎尖培养脱毒效果影响,并进行了脱毒姜试管苗的繁殖生根同步化培养基筛选。结果表明,0.3 mm的茎尖能够获得较为理想的成活率、成苗率,并且具有较好的脱毒效果;热处理结合茎尖培养能够提高脱毒效果,且催芽后高温短时间热处理的脱毒效果优于热处理直接催芽;确定脱毒姜繁殖生根同步化培养的最佳培养基为MS＋2.50 mg/L 6-BA＋0.4 mg/L NAA＋0.2~0.3 mg/L ABT,在此培养基上生长的试管苗长势旺盛,根系发达,移栽成活率高。

A New Antioxidant Cyclic Diarylheptanoid from the Rhizomes of Zingiber officinale

The bioassay was directed to the fractionation of the methanol extract of the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe leading to the isolation of a new antioxidant cyclic diarylheptanoid. The structure of the new compound was established as 1, 5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-phenyl)-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) heptane (1) on the basis of MS, 1D and 2D-NMR experiments.

萃取6-姜酚工艺条件的研究

为了研究从6-姜酚洗脱液中萃取6-姜酚的工艺条件,用乙醚、正己烷、氯仿三种有机溶剂对其进行了萃取,采用HPLC法测定了不同有机溶剂的萃取溶液及同一溶剂不同萃取次数溶液中6-姜酚的浓度。结果表明,用乙醚萃取纯度高、提取量大、次数少、所需剂量小。生产中可以采用乙醚为萃取溶剂,每次用量为待提取液的20%,萃取两次效果最佳。

6-脱氢姜酚的制取与鉴定

为了获得高纯度的脱氢姜酚,以干姜粉制取的姜油树脂为原料,通过溶剂萃取、硅胶干柱层析和硅胶柱真空层析等分离纯化方法,获得了黄色粉状物,通过紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱等测定证实所得粉状黄色粉状物为6-脱氢姜酚,证实了其烯醇互变异构体———6-脱氢姜二酮的存在。

生姜提取液对白鲢鱼肉的保鲜作用研究

为将生姜(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)提取液应用于新鲜白鲢鱼肉的保鲜,通过测定货架期白鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)鱼肉的pH、挥发性盐基总氮、TBA值、菌落总数以及感官评定,研究了提取液对于白鲢鱼肉货架期品质的影响。结果表明,生姜提取液能够有效地保持鱼肉的货价期品质,延缓鱼肉pH值、TVBN值、TBA值以及菌落总数的升高。

一些加工条件对姜酚稳定性的影响

以分离、提取的姜酚为样品,采用HPLC测定姜酚的含量;研究了糖、明矾、酸度、硫处理等因素对姜酚稳定性的影响。结果证实姜酚在pH7.0条件下最不稳定,不耐热处理,明矾、糖和二氧化硫都不利于姜酚的稳定。

Study on Soil Nutrient Contents and Nutrient Characteristics of Ginger(Zingiber officinale Rosc.)

[Objective] This study was conducted to provide scientific basis for fertilization of ginger with high quality and high yield. [Method] The soil nutrient contents and plant nutrient characteristics of Zhugen ginger（Zingiber officinale Rosc.） were studied. [Result] The results showed that： the soil of ginger planting area in Chongqing（Yongchuan） Seedlings of science and technology city was acidic overall,the soil organic matter content was low and alkali-hydrolyzable N was at moderate level; and the contents of available P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were extremely rich, while the available S was in lack. The contents of N and K were abundant and P was little in ginger plants, the content of K was more than N in ginger roots and stems, while the content of N was more than K in ginger leaves. [Conclusion]In practical production, it was necessary to fertilize rationally and control the ratio of N fertilizer to K fertilizer according to local conditions, thereby promoting ginger growth and realize high-yield ginger production.

武陵山区生姜产业发展经济效果的评价——以恩施州来凤县生姜产业为例

以湖北省恩施州来凤县特色生姜(Zingiber officinale Rosc.)产业为例,根据生姜产业发展现状,运用对比法进行经济效益的实证分析,提出了"做大做强"武陵山区优势特色农业产业的相关对策建议。

Antibacterial effect of Allium sativum cloves and Zingiber officinale rhizomes against multiple-drug resistant clinical pathogens

Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial properties ot Allium sativum(garlic) cloves and Zingiber officinale(ginger) rhizomes against multi-drug resistant clinical pathogens causing nosocomial infection.Methods:The cloves of garlic and rhizomes of ginger were extracted with 95%(v/v) ethanol.The ethanolic extracts were subjected to antibacterial sensitivity test against clinical pathogens.Results:Anti-bacterial potentials of the extracts of two crude garlic cloves and ginger rhizomes were tested against five gram negative and two gram positive multi-drug resistant bacteria isolates.All the bacterial isolates were susceptible to crude extracts of both plants extracts.Except Enterobacter sp.and Klebsiella sp.,all other isolates were susceptible when subjected to ethanolic extracts of garlic and ginger.The highest inhibition zone was observed with garlic(19.4S mm) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa).The minimal inhibitory concentration was as low as 67.00 μg/mL against P.aeruginosa.Conclusions:Natural spices of garlic and ginger possess effective anti-bacterial activity against multi-drug clinical pathogens and can be used for prevention of drug resistant microbial diseases and further evaluation is necessary.

Antimicrobial activity and essential oils of Curcuma aeruginosa,Curcuma mangga,and Zingiber cassumunar from Malaysia

Objective:To analyze the chemical composition of the essential oils of Curcuma aeruginosa (C.aeruginosa),Curcuma mangga(C.mangga),and Zingiber cassumunar(Z.cassumunar). and study their antimicrobial activity.Methods:Essential oils obtained by steam distillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass speclrometry(GC-MS).The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was evaluated against four bacteria:Bacillus cereus(H.cereus).Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).Escherichia coli(E.coli).and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa);and two fungi:Candida albicans(C.albicans) and Cyptococcus neoformans(C.neoformans),using disc-diffusion and broth microdilution methods.Results:Cycloisolongifolene,8.9-dehydro-9- formyl(35.29%) and dihydrocoslunolide(22.51%) were the major compounds in C.aeruginosa oil; whereas caryophyllene oxide(18.71%) and caryophyllene(12.69%) were the major compounds in C.mangga oil:and 2,6.9,9-tetramethyl-2.6.10-cycloundecatrien-1-one(60.77%) andα-caryophyllene(23.92%) were abundant in Z.cassumunar oil.The essential oils displayed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against all lested microorganisms.C.mangga oil had the highest and most broad-spectrum activity by inhibiting all microorganisms tested,with C.neoformans being the most sensitive microorganism by having the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration(MFC) values of 0.1μL/mL. C.aeruginosa oil showed mild antimicrobial activity,whereas Z.cassumunar had very low or weak activity against the tested microorganisms.Conclusions:The preliminary results suggest promising antimicrobial properties of C.mangga and C.aeruginosa,which may be useful for food preservation,pharmaceutical treatment and natural therapies.

Larvicidal and repellent properties of some essential oils against Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles and Anopheles subpictus Grassi(Diptera:Culicidae)

Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and repellent properties of essential oils from various parts of four plant species Cymbopogan citrates,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Rosmarinus of ficinalis and Zingiber of ficinale against Culex tritaeniorhynchus（Cx.tritaeniorhynchus） and Anopheles subpictus（An.subpktus）.Methods:Essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation method.The mosquitoes were reared in the vector control laboratory and twenty five late third ins tar larvae of Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpictus were exposed to based on the wide range and narrow range test,essential oil tested at various concentrations ranging from 25 to 250 ppm.The larval mortality was observed after 24 h under the laboratory conditions.The repellent efficacy was determined against two mosquito species at three concentrations viz., 1.0,2.5 and 5.0 mg/cm2 under laboratory conditions.Results:Results showed all the four plant essential oil produced significant larval mortality against two mosquito species.However,the highest larvicidal activity was observed in the essential oil from Zingiber of ficinale against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus with the LC50 and LC90 values as 98.83,57.98 ppm and 186.55, 104.23 ppm,respectively.All the four essential oil shows significant repellency against Cx. tritaeniorhynchus than An.subpktus.Among four essential oil tested the highest repellency was observed in Zingiber of ficinale,a higher concentration of 5.0 mg/cm2 provided 100%protection up to 150 and 180 min against Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus,respectively.Conclusions: In this work,it can be concluded that four essential oils which were distilled from Cymbopogan citrates,Cinnamomum zeylanicum,Rosmarinus of ficinalis and Zingiber of ficinale showed promising larvicidal and repellent agent against Cx.tritaeniorhynchus and An.subpktus.

Two new compounds from Zingiber officinale

A new cyclic diarylheptanoid, 1,5-epoxy-3-hydroxy-1-（3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl）-7-（4-hydroxyphenyl）-heptane （1）, as well as a new monoterpene, 10-O-β-n-glucopyranosyl-hydroxy cineole （2） were isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established based on their spectral data. In addition, the antioxidant activities of these compounds were also measured.

Densitometric HPTLC analysis of 8-gingerol in Zingiber officinale extract and ginger-containing dietary supplements,teas and commercial creams

Objective:To develop and validate a simple,accurate HPTLC method for the analysis of 8-gingerol and to determine the quantity of 8-gingerol inZingiber officinaleextract and gingercontaining dietary supplements,teas and commercial creams.Methods:The analysis was performed on 10×20 cm aluminium-backed plates coated with 0.2 mm layers of silica gel 60 F254(E-Merck,Germany)with n-hexane:ethyl acetate 60:40(v/v)as mobile phase.Camag TLC Scanner III was used for the UV densitometric scanning at 569.Results:This system was found to give a compact spot of 8-gingerol at retention factor(Rf) value of(0.39依0.04)and linearity was found in the ranges 50-500 ng/spot(r2=0.9987).Limit of detection(12.76 ng/spot),limit of quantification(26.32 ng/spot),accuracy(less than 2%)and recovery(ranging from 98.22-99.20)were found satisfactory.Conclusions:The HPTLC method developed for quantification of 8-gingerol was found to be simple,accurate,reproducible,sensitive and is applicable to the analysis of 8-gingerol in Zingiber officinaleextract and ginger-containing dietary supplements,teas and commercial creams.

Effects of Roselle and Ginger on cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity in rats

Aim： To evaluate the protective effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa （Roselle） and Zingiber officinale （Ginger） against cisplatin-induced reproductive toxicity in rats and to study the mechanisms underlying these effects. Methods： Ethanol extracts of H. sabdariffa or Z. officinale [1 g/（kg·day）] were given p.o. to male albino rats for 26 days, which began 21 days before a single cisplatin i.p. injection （10 mg/kg body weight）. Results： Extracts of H. sabdariffa and Z. offcinale reduced the extent of cisplatin-induced sperm abnormality and enhanced sperm motility. Both extracts restored the control level of malondialdehyde （MDA） （lipid peroxidation marker） in the cisplatin-treated testis. The cisplatin injection induced decline in the levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, reduced glutathione （GSH） and catalase （CAT） were significantly reversed to control levels in groups where cisplatin was preceded by the administration of either H. sabdariffa or Z. officinale. Conclusion： Both H. sabdariffa and Z. officinale treatment increased the activities of testicular antioxidant enzymes and restored sperm motility of cisplatin-treated rats. The protective effects of tested plants are, therefore, suggested to be mediated by their potent antioxidant activities.

Three new diarylheptanoids and their antioxidant property

Three new diarylheptanoids, i.e., sodium（5S,2E）- 1,7-bis（4-hydroxyphenyl）- 1-hydroxy-2-hepten-5 -sulfonate （1）, sodium（5R,2E）-1,7-bis（4-hydroxyphenyl）-1-hydroxy-2-hepten-5-sulfonate （2） and 3,5-diacetoxy-1-（3-methoxy-4,5-dihydroxyphenyl）-7-（4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl）heptane （3） were isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. The antioxidant activities of 3 were assayed by in vitro models involving DPPH free radicals and superoxide anion radicals.

Two New Diarylheptanoids from the Rhizomes of Zingiber officinale

Two new diaryheptanoids, (5S)-5-acetoxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3- heptanone (1) and (3S,5S)-3,5-diacetoxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)heptane (2) were isolated from the rhizomes of Zingiber officinale. Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods.

蘘荷优质种苗繁育技术

足量和好苗是蘘荷优质高产的基础。探索兴义市蘘荷优质种苗繁育技术,包括蘘荷种处理、掰(切)块茎分种、苗床制作、苗期管理、剪叶打顶控苗、适时起苗等措施。

Chemical Constituents of the Root Essential Oils of <i>Zingiber rubens</i>Roxb., and <i>Zingiber zerumbet</i>(L.) Smith

Zingiber rubens Roxb., and Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith were collected respectively from Nghe An, Province and Ha Tinh, Province,Vietnam. The root essential oils were obtained by water distillation and analyzed by Gas chromatography (GC) and Gas chromatography coupled with Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The most abundant components of Z. rubens were (Z)-citral (30.1%), camphene (9.7%), β-phellandrene (7.5%) and 1,8-cineole (7.0%) and zingiberene (5.3%). The main oil constituents of Z. zerumbet were (Z)-citral (26.1%), camphene (16.3%), sabinene (14.6%), zingiberene (7.2%) and lavandulyl acetate (6.7%). This species has low zerumbone (1.2%) content.