Boosting Zn^(2+)kinetics via the multifunctional pre-desolvation interface for dendrite-free Zn anodes

Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)are an advanced secondary battery technology to supplement lithiumion batteries.It has been widely concerned and developed recently based on the element abundance and safety advantages.However,AZIBs still suffer from serious problems such as dendrites Zn,hydrogen evolution corrosion,and surface passivation,which hinder the further commercial application of AZIBs.Herein,an in-situ ZnCr_(2)O_(4)(ZCO)interface endows AZIBs with dendrite-free and ultra-low polarization by realizing Zn^(2+)pre-desolvation,constraining H2O-induced corrosio n,and boosting Zn^(2+)transport/deposition kinetics.The ZCO@Zn anode harvests an ultrahigh cumulative capacity of~20000 mA h cm^(-2)(cycle time:over 4000 h)at a high current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),indicating excellent reversibility of Zn deposition,Such superior performance is among the best cyclability in AZIBs.Moreover,the multifunctional ZCO interface improves the Coulombic efficiency(CE)to 99.7%for more than 2600 cycles.The outstanding electrochemical performance is also verified by the long-term cycle stability of ZCO@Zn//α-MnO_(2) full cells.Notably,the as-proposed method is efficient and low-cost enough to enable mass production.This work provides new insights into the uniform Zn electrodeposition at the scale of interfacial Zn^(2+)predesolvation and kinetics improvement.

Aqueous Zn-MnO_(2) battery: Approaching the energy storage limit with deep Zn^(2+) pre-intercalation and revealing the ions insertion/extraction mechanisms

Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)were considered as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to the merits of high safety and inexpensiveness.As AZIBs cathode material,Mn O_(2)possesses great merits but was greatly hindered due to the sluggish diffusion kinetic of Zn^(2+) during electrochemical operations.Herein,deep Zn^(2+) ions intercalatedδ-Mn O_(2)(Zn-Mn O_(2))was achieved by the in situ electrochemical deposition route,which significantly enhanced the diffusion ability of Zn^(2+) due to the synergistic effects of Zn^(2+) pillars and structural H;O.The resultant Zn-Mn O_(2)based AZIBs delivers a record capacity of 696 m Ah/g(0.5 m Ah/cm^(2))based on the initial mass loading,which is approaching the theoretical capacity of Mn O_(2)with a two-electrons reaction.In-situ Raman studies reveal highly reversible Zn^(2+)ions insertion/extraction behaviors and here the Zn-Mn O_(2)plays the role of a container during the charge–discharge process.Further charge storage mechanism investigations point out the insertion/extraction of Zn^(2+) and H^(+) coincides,and such process is significantly facilitated results from superior interlayered configurations of Zn-Mn O_(2)The excellent electrochemical performance of Zn-Mn O_(2)achieved in this work suggests the deep ions pre-intercalation strategy may aid in the future development of advanced cathodes for AZIBs.

Sympathetic electromagnetically induced transparency ground state cooling of a~(40)Ca^(+)–~(27)Al^(+)pair in an~(27)Al^(+)clock

We report on electromagnetically induced transparency cooling of ^(40)Ca^(+)to sympathetically cool the threedimensional secular modes of motion in a ^(40)Ca^(+)–^(27)Al^(+)two-ion pair near the ground state.We observe simultaneous ground state cooling across all radial modes and axial modes of a ^(40)Ca^(+)–^(27)Al^(+)ion pair,occupying a broader cooling range in frequency space over 3 MHz.The cooling time is observed to be less than 1 ms.The mean phonon number and heating rates of all motional modes are measured.This study is not only an important step for reducing the secular motion time-dilation shift uncertainty and uptime ratio of ^(27)Al^(+)optical clock,but also essential for high-fidelity quantum simulations and quantum information processors using trapped ions.

电离辐射对人舌鳞癌CAL-27细胞影响的生物信息学分析

通过生物信息学方法分析不同辐射源照射对人舌鳞癌CAL-27细胞基因表达谱的影响,为临床筛选口腔肿瘤放射治疗相关分子标志物提供参考.利用X射线和重离子照射CAL-27细胞,运用克隆存活实验及流式细胞术检测细胞存活率及凋亡率;进一步应用高通量测序技术筛选受照射细胞差异表达的miRNAs,并对差异表达基因进行生物学功能及代谢通路富集分析,以探讨其分子损伤机理.结果表明,X射线及重离子照射CAL-27细胞后,细胞存活率分别为88%、71%,细胞凋亡率分别为13.9%、30.4%.通过高通量测序技术检测分析发现,与X射线辐照组相比,重离子辐照组共有33个miRNAs表达差异,其中有12个miRNAs表达上调,21个miRNAs表达下调;通过KEGG(Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes)数据库在表达差异的miRNAs中筛选出了15条相关信号通路,如嗅觉传导通路、细胞因子受体交互通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路等.结果提示,在相同吸收剂量条件下,相比于X射线,重离子辐射对CAL-27细胞miRNA表达谱的影响较大,其变化机理可能与MAPK信号传导通路有关.

Effect of Magnesium on the C-S-H Nanostructure Evolution and Aluminate Phases Transition in Cement-Slag Blend

The microstructural study was conducted on cement and cement-slag pastes immersed in different concentrations of Mg（NO3）2 solutions utilizing ^29Si, ^27Al NMR spectroscopy and XRD techniques. The results show that the hydration of both the cement and cement-slag pastes is delayed when the pastes are cured in Mg（NO3）2 solutions as compared to the pastes cured in water. Moreover, Mg^2＋ ions also exhibit an decalcifying and dealuminizing effect on the C-A-S-H in cement and cement-slag pastes, and thereby decrease Ca/Si and Al[4]/Si ratios of the C-A-S-H. The dealuminization of C-A-S-H is mitigated for cement-slag paste as compared to pure cement paste. The depolymerized calcium and aluminum ions from C-A-S-H gel mainly enter the pore solution to maintain the pH value and form Al^[6] in TAH, respectively. On the other hand, Mg^2＋ ions exert an impact on the intra-transition between Al^[6] species, from AFm and hydrogarnet to hydrotalcite-like phase. NO3^-ions are interstratified in the layered Mg-Al structure and formed nitrated hydrotalcite-like phase（Mg1-xAlx（OH）2（NO3）x·nH2O）. Results from both ^27Al NMR and XRD data show that ettringite seems not to react with Mg^2＋ ions.

类锂离子Ni^(25+)和Zn^(27+) 2p态的精细结构分裂

应用MCDF(multi-configuration Dirac Fock)方法计算了类锂离子Ni25+和Zn27+2p态的精细结构分裂,在计算中考虑了横光子相互作用、真空极化修正和自能修正对精细结构的影响。计算Ni25+和Zn27+离子2p态的精细结构分裂分别为177 512.60 cm-1和239 100.50 cm-1,与实验值相比误差分别为16.5 cm-1和13.7 cm-1。横光子相互作用和自能修正的贡献较大,而真空极化修正只有很小的贡献。

硫酸根对羟基氯化铝羟桥聚合的影响

本文用试铁灵法和^(27)Al NMR谱研究了SO_4^(2-)对羟基氯化铝羟桥聚合的影响。试铁灵法表明增加SO_4^(2-)则球簇离子[AlO_4Al_(12)(OH)_(24)(H_2O)_(12)]^(7+)(Al_(23))含量减少,而NMR法进一步说明Al_(13)的减少是由于Al_(13)中的AlO_4被SO_4^(2-)所取代而形成新的球簇离子[SO_4Al_(12)(OH)_(24)(H_2O)_(12)]^(10+)所造成的。比较两种方法的结果表明Al_(13)含量随SO_4^(2-)增加而减少的速率与制备聚羟基氯化铝方法密切相关。

过渡金属取代的钨铝杂多配合物的制备、表征和性质

用分步设计法合成了以铝为中心原子的过渡元素与钨的三元杂多配合物,经ICP、TG分析确定其化学式为K4,6,7[AlM(OH2)W11O39]·xH2O(M=V5+、Cr3+、Mn2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+)。采用IR、UV、XRD、183W和27AlNMR等对配合物的结构进行了表征,表明配合物具有Keggin结构;循环伏安法对该系列配合物的氧化还原性质研究表明,其氧化还原过程为不可逆的两电子还原,配合物的磁化率测试均表现为顺磁性,还对其热稳定性进行了讨论。

A Malvaceae-specific miRNA targeting the newly duplicated GaZIP1L to regulate Zn^(2+)ion transporter capacity in cotton ovules

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)play critical roles in regulating gene expression in plants,yet their functions underlying cultivated diploid Gossypium arboreum cotton ovule development are largely unknown.Here,we acquired small RNA profiles from G.arboreum ovules and fibers collected at different growth stages,and identified 46 novel miRNAs that accounted for 23.7%of all miRNAs in G.arboreum reported in the latest plant sRNA database.Through analysis of 84(including 38 conserved)differentially expressed G.arboreum miRNAs,we detected 215 putative protein-coding genes in 26 biological processes as their potential targets.A Malvaceae-specific novel miRNA named gar-miRN44 was found to likely regulate cotton ovule growth by targeting to a newly duplicated Zn^(2+)ion transporter gene GaZIP1L.During cotton ovule development,gar-miRN44 transcript level decreased sharply after 10 to 15 days post-anthesis(DPA),while that of the GaZIP1L increased significantly,with a concomitant increase of Zn^(2+)ion concentration in late ovule developmental stages.Molecular dynamics simulation and ion absorption analysis showed that GaZIP1L has stronger Zn2+ion binding ability than the original GaZIP1,indicating that the newly evolved GaZIP1L may be more suitable for maintaining high Zn2+ion transport capacity that is likely required for cotton ovule growth via enhanced cellulose synthase activities.Our systematic miRNA profiling in G.arboreum and characterization of gar-miRN44 not only contribute to the understanding of miRNA function in cotton,but also provide potential targets for plant breeding.

Ethylene glycol-regulated ammonium vanadate with stable layered structure and favorable interplanar spacing as high-performance cathode for aqueous zinc ion batteries

Ammonium vanadate compounds featuring large capacity,superior rate capability and light weight are regarded as promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs).However,the controllable synthesis of desired ammonium vanadates remains a challenge.Herein,various ammonium vanadate compounds were successfully prepared by taking advantage of ethylene glycol(EG)regulated polyolreduction strategy and solvent effect via hydrothermal reaction.The morphology and crystalline phase of resultant products show an evolution from dendritic(NH_(4))_(2)V_(6)O_(16)to rod-like NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)and finally to lamellar(NH4)2V4O9 as increasing the amount of EG.Specifically,the NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)product exhibits a high initial capacity of 427.5 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g and stable cycling with a capacity retention of 90.4%after 5000 cycles at 10 A/g.The relatively excellent electrochemical performances of NH_(4)V_(4)O_(10)can be ascribed to the stable open-framework layered structure,favorable(001)interplanar spacing,and peculiar rod-like morphology,which are beneficial to the highly reversible Zn^(2+)storage behaviors.This work offers a unique way for the rational design of high-performance cathode materials for AZIBs.

Studies on Natural CXN Zeolite: Modification, Framework De-alumination and Ion-exchange

A natural CXN zeolite (stilbite, type code-STI) discovered in China was modified with +4NH exchange by using ammonium salt and calcinations (procedure I), or with +4NH exchange followed by treatment with acid (procedure II). The coordination state of Si and Al atoms in the framework, the property of ion exchange, and the adsorption of the H-STI zeolite samples prepared by different modification procedure were investigated with XRD, EDX, 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR, Ag+ ion exchange and N2 adsorption. The results of the investigations indicate that different procedure of the modification made variety on the distribution of the framework Si atoms and Al atoms, the content of non-framework aluminum, and the blocking channels and the shielding effect to the positions of the exchangeable cations. The H-STI zeolite prepared by the procedure II possesses high ion exchange capacity, open and perfect pore system, and high thermal stability.